scholarly journals Dentin Disinfection Efficacy Using Four Different Irrigation Protocols

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
David Jaramillo ◽  
Jose L Ibarrola ◽  
Ana Arias ◽  
Phillipe Sleiman ◽  
Ali Naji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽  
Significant Linear Trend

Objective: The objective of this study was to observe the effect that 3% Sodium Hypochlorite and 17% Ethylenediamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA) with water in between, used sequentially and individually had in the disinfection of dentin blocks that were contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and Methods: Thirty apical and coronal dentin block samples were divided into five groups (n=5): All samples were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis Group 1: Samples were submerged in 3% NaOCl then in 17% EDTA. Group 2: Samples were submerged first in 17% EDTA and then in 3% NaOCl. Group 3: Samples were immersed in 3% NaOCl only. Group 4: Samples were submerged in 17% EDTA only. Group 5 (positive control group): Samples were only submerged in distilled water. All samples were submerged in distilled water after each irrigation cycle. The irrigation protocol was repeated in all groups until all dentin samples were exposed to 24ml of the irrigating solutions. CFU units were counted and classified in an ordinal scale and compared with the linear-by-linear association test. Results: A significant linear trend in the reduction of CFU was observed when NaOCl and EDTA were combined (independently of the sequence used) when compared to groups 3 and 4 where the irrigants were used individually both in coronal (p=9.45 x 10-21), and apical slices (p=2.33 x 10-20). NaOCl was significantly more effective than EDTA in both coronal and apical slices (p ≥ 0.000001) when used alone. Conclusion: 3% Sodium Hypochlorite was more effective than 17% EDTA. However, alternating 3% NaOCl with 17% EDTA resulted in better dentinal disinfection. Clinical Relevance: Establishing an irrigation protocol that is effective in eradicating bacteria entrenched in dentinal tubules can lead to a more successful outcome in endodontically treated teeth.

scholarly journals Comparison of Antibacterial Efficacy of Fenugreek Seed Extract Rinse and Nigella Sativa Seed Extract Rinse against Streptococcus Mutant Colonies

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Nasima Iqbal ◽  
ATA UR Rehman ◽  
Syeda Amber Zaidi ◽  
Kiran Khan ◽  
Lubna Farooq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Fenugreek Seed ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Nigella Sativa Seed

Background: Dental infections were caused by the bacterium overgrowth on the surface of the tooth, and treatment should always be set up to prevent this development.Antibiotics have long been used as a conventional antibacterial medication, but their overuse has resulted in microbes gaining resistance to many of the antibiotics, trying to make many commercialized therapeutic remedies ineffectual and resulting to infection recurrence. In this regard we aim to analyze the antibacterial activity of nigella sativa seeds’ and fenugreek seed extract rinses against S. mutans' colonies. Methodology: It was a preclinical experimental study conducted at Baqai Medical and Dental College Karachi., from January - June 2021. Calculated sample size was n = 80 Consecutive sampling technique was used. Plaque of study participants was collected on sterile strips that was transported to laboratory for culture in sterile containers.The extract of Fenugreek seed and nigella sativa seed was kept in an airtight bottle and stored in a refrigerator till usage. The extracts were diluted in distilled water in 1:4 (Extract: Distilled water). Study participants were instructed to not brush their teeth before sampling. Study participants were divided into four groups (negative control, positive control, fenugreek seed extract group and Nigella sativa group) each group had 20 participants. Diluted Fenugreek seed extract and Nigella sativa extract was given to experimental groups for rinses. Results: There was significant decrease in number of colonies in positive controls, fenugreek seed extract group and nigella sativa extract group and there was no change in number of colonies in control group. Furthermore, the analysis showed significant (p-value = 0.001) difference among the groups followed by post hoc analysis. Post hoc analysis showed no difference between positive control, fenugreek seed extract group and nigella sativa group. Conclusion: Fenugreek seed extract and Nigella Sativa seed extract showed comparable antibacterial properties. Also, the effect was found to be similar to commercially available mouth rinse.

scholarly journals IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF DIODE LASER WHEN USED ADJUNCTIVELY WITH SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE, METHYLENE BLUE OR TOLUIDINE BLUE IN ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS CONTAMINATED ROOT CANALS

2020 ◽  
pp. 148-151
Author(s):  
N. Shubhashini ◽  
Vinaya Kumar R ◽  
Annapoorna Kini ◽  
Swetha H.B. ◽  
Srikanth Choudhary B.S. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Root Canals

AIM: To evaluate antimicrobial effect of diode laser when used adjunctively with sodium hypochlorite, methylene blue or toluidine blue in Enterococcus faecalis inoculated root canals. METHODOLOGY: 70 extracted uniradicular premolars were prepared with ProTaper files and sterilized. 5 were kept aside as negative control (G1) and the remaining 65 were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis and incubated for 7 days. Following this, 5 were kept as positive control (G2) and the other 60 were randomly distributed into six groups: G3, diode laser irradiation (1.5W) with sodium hypochlorite; G4, diode laser (3W) with sodium hypochlorite; G5, diode laser (1.5W) with methylene blue; G6, diode laser (3W) with methylene blue; G7, diode laser (1.5W) with toluidine blue; G8, diode laser (3W) with toluidine blue. Subsequently, turbidity was assessed and CFU count determined following intracanal sampling and plating. RESULTS: G4 exhibited significantly lower mean CFUs/mL (P˂0.001) among the experimental groups. G4 demonstrated the most (98.8%) while G7 exhibited the least antibacterial effect (28.66%). Highest turbidity was observed in G5 (0.1310) while the lowest was noted in G4 (0.0287). CONCLUSION: Diode laser used adjunctively with sodium hypochlorite exhibited superior antibacterial efficacy when compared to its use with photosensitizer dyes like methylene blue and toluidine blue.

scholarly journals Silver Nanoparticle of Acalypha indica Linn. Leaf As Bio-larvicide against Anopheles sp. Larvae

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 760-765
Author(s):  
Yos Banne ◽  
Olfie Sahelangi ◽  
Steven Soenjono ◽  
Elisabeth Natalia Barung ◽  
Selfie Ulaen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Silver Nanoparticle ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Acalypha Indica

BACKGROUND: Acalypha indica Linn. has been used as traditional medicine, it contains flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, triterpenoids, and essential oils. AIM: This study aimed to determine the bio-larvicide effects of A. indica Linn. leaf stew and the silver nanoparticles against Anopheles sp. larvae. METHODS: The fresh leaves of A. indica Linn. extracted using distilled water at 100°C for 30 min. The silver nanoparticles were made by mixing a solution of silver nitrate with the stew, which acts as a reducing agent. The resulting silver nanoparticles were characterized by particle size analyzer and UV-vis spectrophotometer. The bio-larvicide effects against Anopheles sp. larvae performed using a completely randomized design. There were eight groups consisted of ten larvae and three replications. Treatment groups of stew and silver nanoparticle for concentrations 0.05%, 0.5%, and 5%, respectively. The negative control group was distilled water and the positive control group was the 0.01% abate solution. Assessment of larvicide activity was carried out every hour for 6 h and continued if there were larvae that live up to 24 h. The LC50 value was calculated based on Probit analysis. RESULTS: The results showed that the A. indica Linn. leaf stew can be made into silver nanoparticles preparations, optimal results were obtained from a mixture of 1% stew and 3 mM AgNO3. The result of bio-larvicides effect test against Anopheles sp. larvae showed that the LC50 value of the A. indica Linn. leaf stew was 727,3 ppm and the LC50 value of silver nanoparticles was 3.366 ppm. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that A. indica Linn. is a promising larvicidal plant and can be made into silver nanoparticle preparations.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF MIXING SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF TYPE III GYPSUM PRODUCT

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-140
Author(s):  
Rezy Kurnia ◽  
Hidayati Hidayati
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Disinfectant Solution ◽  
One Way Anova

Disinfection is needed to avoid transmission of infectious agents. One of disinfectant solution used is sodium hypochlorite. Disinfection should be done without changing the quality of gypsum models, so the technique of mixing a disinfectant solution on gypsum powder can be used as an alternative. The purpose of this study was to determined the effect of mixing sodium hypochlorite to the compressive strength of type III gypsum product. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Materials and Structures, Faculty of Engineering, Andalas University using laboratory experimental method with 30 pieces of type III gypsum models as samples. Samples were divided into 5 groups, that were mixed using 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, 1% sodium hypochlorite, 2% sodium hypochlorite, 5% sodium hypochlorite and distilled water as a control group. Measurement of the compressive strength was performed with a Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The results showed that the models were mixed with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, 1% sodium hypochlorite, 2% sodium hypochlorite and 5% sodium hypochlorite reduced the average of the compressive strength compared to the models that are mixed with distilled water. One Way ANOVA test showed that was significantly differences (p<0.05) among groups of 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, 1% sodium hypochlorite, 2% sodium hypochlorite, 5% sodium hypochlorite and distilled water as a control group. It was concluded that there were effect of mixing sodium hypochlorite to reduced the compressive strength of type III gypsum product. Keywords: type III gypsum, compressive strength, sodium hypochlorite

scholarly journals Perbandingan Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Curcuma zedoaria dan Bahan Irigasi Natrium Hipoklorit 2.5% terhadap Enterococcus faecalis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Martha Mozartha ◽  
Prisisilia Silvia ◽  
Billy Sujatmiko
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Turmeric Extract ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Irrigation Solution ◽  
Well Data ◽  
Weak Antibacterial Activity

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is a powerful disinfectant used in root canal therapy, yet it has some disadvantages. There are growing interests of using extracts of natural materials containing antibacterial secondary metabolite compounds as an alternative of irrigation solution. Aim, to compare the antibacterial activity of white turmeric extracts and 2,5% sodium hypochlorite irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis. Methods, this was a quasi experimental study. White turmeric extracts at the concentrations of 75%, 50%, 25% and  10% were used as experimental groups, while 2,5% NaOCl and distilled water were the control groups. Suspensions of Enterococcus faecalis were prepared to a 0.5 Mc Farland standard and applied onto petri plates containing Muller Hinton Agar. Six wells were created in each plate, and filled with 20 mL of the test solution. Plates were incubated at 37 ° C for 24 hours. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by measuring the clear zone around the well. Data were analyzed by Kruskall Wallis and continued by Mann U Whitney. Results, the largest growth inhibition zones were produced when the test bacteria were in contact with 2,5% NaOCl (15,0233 mm). White turmeric extract 75% concentration had weak antibacterial effect, while white turmeric extract 50%, 25%, 10% concentration, and distilled water did not has antibacterial properties against Enterococcus faecalis. Conclusion, white turmeric extract 75% concentration can inhibit the growth of Enterococcus faecalis with weak antibacterial activity.

scholarly journals UJI EFEK ANTIPIRETIK EKSTRAK MENIRAN (Phyllantus niruri L.) PADA TIKUS WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus) JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI VAKSIN DPT-HB

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Jansen ◽  
Jane Wuisan ◽  
Henoch Awaloei
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Phyllanthus Niruri ◽  
Antipyretic Effect ◽  
Flower Extract ◽  
Hb Vaccine

Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the antipyretic effect of leaf-flower extract (Phyllanthus niruri L.) in Wistar rats induced by DPT-HB vaccine. Samples were 15 Wistar rats as test animals and were divided into five groups of three in each. The negative control group was given orally distilled water, positive control group was given paracetamol and 3 experimental groups were given ethanolic leaf-flower extracts (100 mg, 200 mg and 300 mg /200 g body weight of rats). Pyrexia was induced in rats by intramuscular injection of 0.2 ml DPT-HB vaccine. Antipyretic activity was measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 minutes after administration of leaf-flower extract, paracetamol and distilled water. The results showed that leaf-flower extract at a dose of 300 mg /200 g BW decreased the rectal temperature greater than with doses of 100 and 200 mg /200 g BW for 180 minutes of measurement. Conclusion: Leaf-flower extract has antipyretic effect in Wistar rats.Keywords: antipyretic, phyllanthus niruri, DPT-HB, wistar ratAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efek antipiretik ekstrak meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) pada tikus Wistar yang diinduksi vaksin DPT-HB. Metode: Hewan uji yang digunakan adalah 15 ekor tikus Wistar yang dibagi ke dalam 5 kelompok, masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 3 ekor tikus. Kelompok kontrol negatif diberikan aquades, kelompok kontrol positif diberikan parasetamol, dan 3 kelompok eksperimental diberikan ekstrak tanaman meniran masing-masing dengan dosis 100mg, 200mg dan 300 mg/200 grBB tikus. Induksi demam pada hewan uji menggunakan vaksin DPT-HB 0,2ml secara intramuskular. Pengukuran suhu rektal dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah pemberian vaksin dan setelah pemberian bahan uji yaitu pada menit ke-30, 60, 90, 120, 150 dan 180. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan pemberian ekstrak meniran dengan dosis 300 mg/200 grBB menunjukkan penurunan suhu rektal lebih besar dibanding dengan dosis 100 dan 200 mg/200 grBB selama 180 menit pengukuran. Simpulan: Ekstrak meniran memiliki efek antipiretik pada tikus Wistar.Kata kunci: antipiretik, phyllanthus niruri, DPT-HB, tikus wistar

scholarly journals Eradication of a Mature Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Biofilm From Acrylic Surfaces

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Tereza Altieri ◽  
Paula Volpato Sanitá ◽  
Ana Lucia Machado ◽  
Eunice Teresinha Giampaolo ◽  
Ana Cláudia Pavarina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can grow as structured biofilm in different surfaces, including oral mucosa and denture surfaces. Such biofilms can be released into the oral fluids and aspirated, causing systemic infections such as aspiration pneumonia. This study evaluated the efficacy of two disinfectant solutions and microwave irradiation in disinfecting acrylic specimens contaminated with MRSA biofilm. Thirty-six acrylic specimens were made, sterilized and contaminated with MRSA (107 cfu/mL). After incubation (37 °C/48 h), the specimens were divided into 4 groups: not disinfected (positive control); soaking in 1% sodium hypochlorite for 10 min; soaking in 2% chlorhexidine gluconate for 10 min; and irradiating by microwave for 3 min at 650 W. The viability of cells was evaluated by XTT reduction method. All specimens from the positive control group showed biofilm formation after 48 h incubation. The mean absorbance value of the control specimens was 1.58 (OD at 492 nm). No evidence of biofilm formation was observed on specimens after the disinfection methods. Disinfection by soaking in 1% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate and irradiating by microwaves resulted in 100% reduction of MRSA biofilm metabolism. The use of chemical solutions and microwave irradiation was shown to be effective for eradicating mature MRSA biofilms on acrylic resin specimens.

Effects of Fluoride on the Mouse Sperm Morphology Test

1987 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1509-1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Li ◽  
A.J. Dunipace ◽  
G.K. Stookey
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Morphology ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Mouse Sperm ◽  
Abnormal Sperm ◽  
Group I ◽  
Cervical Dislocation

There has been little information and much confusion regarding the genotoxic effects of fluoride. The purpose of this study was to examine the spermatogenic influence of sodium fluoride (NaF) on the germ cells by means of the mouse sperm morphology test. Male mice of genotype B6C3F1 were obtained at about eight weeks of age and maintained on a low-fluoride diet (<0.2 ppm F) and distilled water ad libitum throughout the experiment. At approximately 13 weeks of age, the animals were randomly assigned to eight groups. Group I was intubated with the Maximum Tolerable Dosage (MTD) of NaF (70 mg/kg). Groups II through VI received NaF by stomach intubation at doses of 35, 20, 10, 1, and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively. Group VII served as a negative control and was intubated with distilled water. The positive control, Group VIII, was exposed to a known mutagen, cyclophosphamide (20 mglkg, i.p). The animals were treated daily for five days, and killed by cervical dislocation 35 days after the first exposure to chemicals. Slides of sperm from the cauda epididymides were prepared and blindly scored for morphological abnormalities. Weight of the testes was recorded, and the femurs were saved for fluoride (F) analysis. Analysis of bone F demonstrated the effective absorption of fluoride following intubation. The counts of abnormal sperm and the weights of the testes for mice exposed to NaF doses up to the MTD were not significantly different from those of the negative control. The results of this study showed that NaF did not have adverse effects on mouse sperm morphology.

scholarly journals Efficacy of EDTA and HEDP Chelators in the Removal of Mature Biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis by PUI and XPF File Activation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Alejandro Álvarez-Sagües ◽  
Nerea Herce ◽  
Ulises Amador ◽  
Francisco Llinares-Pinel ◽  
Estanislao Nistal-Villan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Ultrasonic Activation ◽  
Biofilm Removal ◽  
Proper Comparison ◽  
Antibacterial Capacity

Background: Biofilm removal from the root canal during endodontic treatment is necessary to prevent further complications. Irrigation is essential to success. Several irrigants have been proposed without a proper comparison. The aim of the study is to compare the antibacterial capacity of different activated irrigants using passive ultrasonic activation (PUI) or XP-Endo finisher (XPF). Methods: A total of 100 instrumented teeth were incubated in an Eppendorf tube containing 0.5 McFarland of Enterococcus faecalis and incubated for 2 weeks at 37 °C. Roots were divided into 5 groups (n = 20) according to the irrigant type: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (17%), ethydronic acid (HEDP) (9%) mixed with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), EDTA (17%) mixed with 5.25% NaOCl, PBS, and a control group. Each group was divided into two subgroups (n = 10): PUI and XPF. Results: As compared to the untreated control group, the irrigators included in the study had a significant effect in bacteria reduction. The obtained results show HEDP to be the most effective irrigant, since no bacteria were recovered after treatment of this group, followed by EDTA mixed with NaOCl and, finally, the EDTA-irrigated group. Conclusions: HEDP is the best irrigating agent in combination with XPF or PUI file activation to eliminate bacteria in our experimental model.

scholarly journals Effect of Long Bean (Vignaunguiculata) on Blood Glucose Level of Mice (Mus musculus) Induced by Alloxan

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Intan Fitri Aprila ◽  
M. Nur Salim ◽  
Razali Daud ◽  
T. Armansyah ◽  
Nuzul Asmilia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Decrease Blood Glucose

The aim of this research was to find out the effect of long bean (Vigna unguiculata) on level of blood glucose on mice (Mus musculus) induced by alloxan. Twelve mice with the weigh of 25-40 grams and clinically healthy were used in this research. All mice were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups, 3 mice each. K0 was negative control group, only given aquadest. K1, K2, and K3 groups were induced by alloxan 0.5 ml. K1 group was positive control. K2 group was fed with 100 grams long bean mixed with 50 ml distilled water. K3 group was fed with 100 grams long bean mixed with 100 ml distilled water. Long bean was fed orally 0.5 ml every morning and evening for 7 consecutive days. On day eight the examination of blood glucose level was performed. The average level of blood glucose were K0 (142.00±23.39), K1 (167.00±10.54), K2 (122.67±12.50), dan K3 (154.67±16.26) mg/dL. In conclusion, the administration of long bean for seven consecutive days does not decrease blood glucose level on mice induced by alloxan.Key words: blood glucose, alloxan, long bean

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