scholarly journals Encounters along Micro-Level Borders: Silence and Metacommunicative Talk in Service Encounter Conversations between Finnish Employment Officials and Immigrants

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1227-1250
Author(s):  
Tarja Tanttu
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Service Encounter ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Service Encounters ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
New Community ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Level Analysis

This article examines the interaction between Finnish employment officials and their immigrant clients in service encounter conversations. It employs the concepts of metacommunicative talk, silence, agency and asymmetric interaction situation. Such service encounters between native speakers of Finnish and immigrants going through the integration process and speaking Finnish as their second language constitute situations of institutional interaction, characterised by asymmetry. Asymmetry during the service encounter arises from the roles and power relations between the official and client, a familiarity with the routines associated with service encounters, and the use of Finnish as the language of conversation during the encounter. This article examines two authentic service encounters, recorded in a Finnish employment office. The encounters are analysed using discourse analysis, combining micro-level analysis of language use and macro-level analysis of the situation. Interviews with the employment officials and background information collected from the officials and clients via questionnaires are used in support of the qualitative analysis. Officials use different methods of interaction with their clients. In addition, the individual characteristics of officials and clients and their cultural differences influence the construction of interaction during a service encounter. Finnish officials can sometimes handle service encounters with very little talk – sometimes with hardly any talk at all. However, metacommunicative talk can serve as a vehicle for reinforcing the client’s agency and supporting the immigrant in learning the language and customs, as well as in establishing a foothold in the new community, and thereby promoting the integration process as a whole.

The Individual's Perceived Environment as an Antecedent of Academic Entrepreneurship: Multiple Case Studies of Thai University Researchers

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 57-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutti Sooampon ◽  
Barbara Igel
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Academic Entrepreneurship ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Perceived Environment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
Depth Interviews

This study investigates the individual researcher's perceived environment as a pre-condition of entrepreneurship within the university. Our objective is to identify the micro-level antecedents that shape a university researcher's decision about whether to embark on an entrepreneurial venture. We conducted a series of both entrepreneurial and non-entrepreneurial case studies through in-depth interviews with six university researchers. The comparative case data generated inclusive descriptions of the social conditions surrounding the researchers and their individual characteristics as criteria for explaining their decisions on whether to become entrepreneurs. Our findings add to the macro-perspectives typically discussed, and advance knowledge of the entrepreneurial university by incorporating the individual's perceived environment as a micro-level condition for academic entrepreneurship. Drawing on the context of Thailand's emerging economy, in which social inequality exists alongside growth, our findings shed light on the university researcher's entrepreneurial role as a leader for social change through the commercialisation of science and technology research.

Micro-Foundations of Corporate Sustainability

2021 ◽  
pp. 288-314
Author(s):  
Remy Balarezo ◽  
Paul Corcuera
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Corporate Sustainability ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Sustainability Research ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Research Stream ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Research ◽  
Micro Foundations

This chapter introduces readers to the micro-foundation framework in corporate sustainability. Traditionally, strategic management and corporate sustainability research have explained why firms become more sustainable from a macro-level perspective. In recent years, new research has focused on the micro-level mechanism at the individual or group level. This research stream is known as the micro-foundations movement and tries to highlight individual characteristics, knowledge, background, etc. when firms decide to become more sustainable. Through the literature review, the authors tried to identify the studies published in top journals about the micro-foundation framework. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to give a primary introduction and an overview of the micro-foundations framework in corporate sustainability and identify what mechanisms have been found at the micro-level that explain why firms become more sustainable.

scholarly journals Religiousness and existential insecurity: A cross-national comparative analysis on the macro- and micro-level

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Höllinger ◽  
Johanna Muckenhuber
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Level Analysis ◽  
Cross National

In Sacred and Secular (2011 [2004]) Norris and Inglehart argued that improvements in material living conditions and higher degrees of existential security lead to a decline in religiousness both on the macro-level of the comparison between countries and on the individual level. Since then, a number of studies have examined this relationship and confirmed the assumptions of the existential security thesis. This article revisits this thesis using data from the sixth wave of the World Values Survey (2010–2014). The multi-level analysis reveals two key results. Consistent with previous studies, a strong correlation was found between better life conditions and lower levels of religiousness on the macro-level. Individual life conditions and threatening experiences, however, have only a very small impact on religiousness. Possible explanations for the discrepancy between macro-level and micro-level results are discussed in the final section.

scholarly journals Requests in tourist information office service encounters

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-52
Author(s):  
Patricia Salazar ◽  
Sara Orts
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Service Encounter ◽  
Service Encounters ◽  
Specific Service ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Native Speakers Of English ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
Negative Face ◽  
Tourist Information

Traditionally, the speech act of requesting has been regarded as a face-threatening act (Brown & Levinson, 1987) due to the impositive nature on the addressee’s negative face. Yet, in specific service encounters, requests can no longer be seen as threatening (Antonopoulou, 2001). This is the case of tourist information offices, where mitigators may not be present due to the task-oriented nature of the exchange. This study aims to widen the scope of research on service encounters by examining 147 naturally occurring requests by native speakers of English in a tourist information office taking into account the variable of gender. Our findings suggest that females used more direct questions whereas men employed want statements to a much higher extent. These results have to be understood within the context of this specific service encounter, in which direct requests do not imply impoliteness or threats to the requestee’s negative face.

scholarly journals Effets de l’environnement de vie sur les associations entre déterminants individuels et santé périnatale en Wallonie (Belgique)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-53
Author(s):  
Charlotte Leroy ◽  
Dominique Dubourg ◽  
Anouck Billiet ◽  
Christelle Senterre ◽  
Virginie Van Leeuw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Niveau D’Instruction ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Level Analysis

Résumé L’association entre les caractéristiques individuelles des mères et la prématurité ou le faible poids à la naissance, tout comme l’effet de l’environnement de vie sur la santé périnatale ont fait l’objet de nombreux travaux. Plus rares sont les études qui se sont penchées sur l’effet que l’environnement de vie pouvait avoir sur l’association entre ces caractéristiques individuelles et la santé périnatale. Dans cet article, nous adoptons une perspective multi-niveaux pour prendre en compte conjointement l’effet de l’environnement de vie et les déterminants individuels des mères sur deux indicateurs de santé périnatale, la prématurité et le faible poids à la naissance en Wallonie. Les analyses portent sur 147 718 naissances vivantes uniques issues de mères qui résidaient en Wallonie de 2010 à 2013. Les variables indépendantes principales sont le niveau d’instruction, le statut professionnel et l’état de cohabitation des mères. Les variables dépendantes sont la prématurité et le faible poids à la naissance. Un indice synthétique des conditions de bien-être (ICBE) est utilisé pour décrire l’environnement de vie et mis en relation avec la prématurité et le faible poids à la naissance grâce à des modèles de régression logistique multivariables à un et plusieurs niveaux. La fréquence de la prématurité et du faible poids s’avère plus élevée dans les communes avec un environnement de vie défavorisé. Les mères ayant un faible niveau d’instruction, n’ayant pas d’activité professionnelle ou déclarant vivre seule courent par ailleurs un risque plus élevé d’accoucher prématurément ou d’avoir un enfant de faible poids à la naissance. Dans les analyses multi-niveaux, les mesures d’association entre les variables socio-économiques de la mère et les deux variables dépendantes restent identiques aux mesures d’association observées dans les régressions classiques. Les conditions de bien-être dans une commune, mesurées par l’ICBE, n’ont pas d’effet additionnel sur les associations entre les caractéristiques socio-économiques de la mère et la prématurité ou le faible poids à la naissance. Abstract The association between the individual characteristics of mothers, preterm birth or low birth weight and the impact of the living environment on perinatal health have been widely studied. Far fewer studies have examined the way the living environment can influence the association between characteristics and perinatal health. In this paper, we adopt a multi-level analysis to simultaneously study the effects of the living environment and the individual characteristics of the mothers on preterm birth and low-birth weight in Wallonia. The study population consists of 147’718 single live births to mothers who resided in Wallonia and delivered between 2010 and 2013. The main independent variables are the mothers’s level of education, their occupational and cohabitation status. The dependent variables are preterm birth and low birth weight. A synthetic index of Well-being condition (ICBE) is used to describe living conditions. The association between these conditions, preterm birth and low birth weight is quantified through multilevel logistic regression models adjusted for mothers’ characteristics. Preterm birth and low birth weight rates are higher in municipalities with a poor living environment. Non-working, single mothers or with low levels of education are at higher risk of delivering a preterm or low birth weight baby. In the multilevel analyses, the association between the socio-economic variables and the two dependent variables is similar to the one observed in the classical regressions (one level-analysis). Well-Being conditions, measured through ICBE, have no additional effect on the association between individual socio-economic characteristics of the mother, preterm birth or low birth weight. 

scholarly journals PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR BEST MOTOR ACTIVITY FORMATION IN SOCIALIZATION AND PERSONAL FULFILLMENT CONSTRUCTS IN STUDENTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Владимир Зубанов ◽  
Vladimir Zubanov ◽  
Екатерина Бишлер ◽  
Ekaterina Bischler ◽  
Лариса Макарова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Development ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Work Culture ◽  
Individual Culture ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Independent Work ◽  
Personal Fulfillment

This article describes the practice of creating a culture of self-operation of the person involved in the system of continuous education. The quality determination and the study of the individual independent work culture are the model realized in the pedagogy of cooperation and self-organization in terms of the interaction of multi-environment. The model is defined by technology constructs of system-pedagogical modeling. The possibility of taking into account individual characteristics and conditions of the normal distribution of abilities and health of students can be defined in the personalization of learning and education. The quality of formation and formedness of independent work of the individual culture defines the quality of vocational and labor relations and the ability for self-organization cooperation and communication conditions. The peculiarities of lifelong education lead to the inclusion of the individual in a personalized poly-variation search for solutions of the problems, socialization, self-realization and self-affirmation. For a complete understanding of the importance of the formation and the formedness of independent work of the individual culture of teachers it is necessary to be aware of the pedagogical modeling, productivity and culture as the highest form of all changes in a particular phenomenon or phenomenon under consideration. The traditional understanding of the culture of independent work of the individual reads as follow: a multi-level determinations and the system of products on macro-, mezo- and micro-level simulation, which determines the quality of the issue of one’s productive personality development in the activity model that ensures timely and personalized solution of development, socialization and self-realization. The innovative understanding of the individual culture of independent work is a hierarchy of information and anthropological constructs that underpin natural-scientific way of solving determinate problems and contradictions.

Porn Consumption, Personality, and Attitudes Towards Sexual Violence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Khatri ◽  
Siddharth Garg ◽  
Sushma Suri
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Cultivation Theory ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Development Of Attitudes ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Level Analysis

The aim of this working paper is to examine how the consumption of violent pornography leads to the development of attitudes towards sexual violence. Drawing from Gerbner’s cultivation theory, this paper proposes a micro-level analysis of the individual. Through the analysis of the theory, this paper investigates how the act of sexual violence is a learned social behavior, often facilitated through media sources such as pornography, and how it is reinforced in society through the normalization and constant performance of such practices. Further, this paper explores the moderating role of three personal dispositions: sub-clinical psychopathy, aggression, and social desirability.

scholarly journals THE PHENOMENON OF “COMPETENCE”: ASSESSMENT OF THE COMPETENCIES OF MANAGERS (FACTORS OF PREFERENCE)

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-78
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Tolochek ◽  
Anna S. Mashkova
Keyword(s):  
Career Success ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
First Approximation ◽  
Effective Activity ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Managerial Experience ◽  
Expert Surveys ◽  
Level Analysis ◽  
Initial List

Background. The study of the application of the competence-based approach in the professional training of specialists in the management sphere remains an urgent issue for many researchers, psychologists, educators and teachers. We began our consideration of this problem in a first approximation in a material published in the previous issue of the journal (Tolochek, 2020). The main issue is to identify the limitations of the competence-based approach as factors of its development and the conditions under which its implementation will be more constructive and effective. It is stated that, in line with the competence-based approach, there remains unresolved issues about the number and content of the qualities of subjects that affect the effectiveness of their activities; on the competencies of subjects performing different labor functions, working in organizations; about the place of competences in the structure of professionalism, about their role in career success. Design: expert surveys, a differentiated and level analysis of frequency matrices of assessments (choices) of competencies by experts. Results. The cycle of studies of competencies and the specifics of their assessment included 69 managers differing in gender, age, seniority, managerial experience, positions in different companies. It was shown that out of 29 competencies, 19 were identified in at least 40% of experts; 8 were identified in at least 66% of experts. Competencies assessed as in demand are associated with individual features, with the evolution of managers as subjects and the characteristics of their activities. Conclusions: 1. Only part of the competencies from the initial list of competencies described by foreign specialists were identified as relevant for managers by experts (employees of Russian companies). Among the competences, there is a “core” of basic, key qualities, and several “belts” (“shells”, “levels”) — less significant (universal) competencies associated with the effective activity of a manager in different areas. 2. Assessments of competencies relevant (important, significant and / or preferred) for managers differ depending on the individual characteristics of experts (gender, age, experience, position, career success, managerial potential) and the length of the list of assessed qualities. 3. Lists of competencies in the range of 15-20 qualities can be considered optimal for solving both scientific and applied problems. The basic list of 29 competencies can be considered “sufficient and redundant”; list of up to 19–20 competencies — “sufficient and necessary”; a list of 8–10 “nuclear” competencies — “essential basic”.

scholarly journals UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEPUASAN TAMU MELALUI SERVICE ENCOUNTER QUALITY DI KOTA BUKIT INDAH PLAZA HOTEL PURWAKARTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1041
Author(s):  
Yuri Puspita Pratiwi ◽  
Ridwan Purnama ◽  
Dewi Pancawati Novelita
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Service Encounter ◽  
Service Encounters ◽  
Guest Satisfaction ◽  
Tourism Activity ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Plaza Hotel

The Hotel is one form of accommodation that supports the tourism activity. Kota Bukit Indah Plaza Hotel a four-star hotel in Purwakarta regency has a decrease at the level of customer satisfaction. To increase the customer satisfaction, Kota Bukit Indah Plaza Hotel implementation the service encounter quality is a focus of the performance of the employees by providing the best quality of service delivery currently underway, in the event of contact between employees and individual guest are referred to as the service encounters quality. The purpose of this study was to determine service encounter quality at Kota Bukit Indah Plaza Hotel, the satisfaction of guest who stayed at Kota Bukit Indah Plaza Hotel, and the effect's service encounter quality of the guest satisfaction. In this study, the independent variable (X) was the service encounter quality that consisted of professionalism, civility, friendliness, and competence, and the dependent variable (Y) was individual guest satisfaction. This type of research was a descriptive and verification. The systematic random sampling technique was used to distribute 100 questionnaires for the respondents. The data were analyzed by using path analysis method. The results showed that the variables of service encounter quality had a significant influence on the individual guest satisfaction.

Specification of spelling literacy development among foreign children at the primary stage of Russian language education in a polyethnic educational environment

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Tatiana A. ◽  
Svetlana A. Deryabina ◽  
Svetlana V. Konchakova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Students ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Individual ◽  
General School

The issue of organizing the learning process taking into account the individual characteristics of students is getting more and more important in the conditions of a polyethnic educational space. We draw attention to the little-studied initial stage of mastering spelling by foreign children, who find themselves in unequal educational conditions associated with the need to perceive the material at the same level with native speakers, the same way of assessing the level of knowledge. The aim of the study is to describe the main linguistic difficulties of acquiring spelling skills at the initial stage of learning Russian by foreign students, and to determine methodic solutions for orga-nizing Russian language lessons in a primary general polyethnic school. We analyze the main dif-ficulties that arise among foreign language children when acquiring spelling material, consider pe-dagogical tools and methods for developing spelling skills, and offers organizational and methodic recommendations for the development of spelling literacy among foreign students. It is concluded that there is a need for purposeful work on the development of foreign students’ spelling literacy at the initial stage of education in a general school in a polyethnic educational environment, taking into account the peculiarities of the perception of educational material by them, the organization of systemic additional preliminary work aimed at the conscious mastering of the grammatical categories of the Russian language.

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