scholarly journals Protein-Based Nanohydrogels for Bioactive Delivery

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhash Chander ◽  
Giriraj T. Kulkarni ◽  
Neerupma Dhiman ◽  
Harsha Kharkwal
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Covalent Bond ◽  
Ionic Concentration ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Encapsulation Process ◽  
Insightful Analysis

Hydrogels possess a unique three-dimensional, cross-linked network of polymers capable of absorbing large amounts of water and biological fluids without dissolving. Nanohydrogels (NGs) or nanogels are composed of diverse types of polymers of synthetic or natural origin. Their combination is bound by a chemical covalent bond or is physically cross-linked with non-covalent bonds like electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and hydrogen bonding. Its remarkable ability to absorb water or other fluids is mainly attributed to hydrophilic groups like hydroxyl, amide, and sulphate, etc. Natural biomolecules such as protein- or peptide-based nanohydrogels are an important category of hydrogels which possess high biocompatibility and metabolic degradability. The preparation of protein nanohydrogels and the subsequent encapsulation process generally involve use of environment friendly solvents and can be fabricated using different proteins, such as fibroins, albumin, collagen, elastin, gelatin, and lipoprotein, etc. involving emulsion, electrospray, and desolvation methods to name a few. Nanohydrogels are excellent biomaterials with broad applications in the areas of regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and drug delivery due to certain advantages like biodegradability, biocompatibility, tunable mechanical strength, molecular binding abilities, and customizable responses to certain stimuli like ionic concentration, pH, and temperature. The present review aims to provide an insightful analysis of protein/peptide nanohydrogels including their preparation, biophysiochemical aspects, and applications in diverse disciplines like in drug delivery, immunotherapy, intracellular delivery, nutraceutical delivery, cell adhesion, and wound dressing. Naturally occurring structural proteins that are being explored in protein nanohydrogels, along with their unique properties, are also discussed briefly. Further, the review also covers the advantages, limitations, overview of clinical potential, toxicity aspects, stability issues, and future perspectives of protein nanohydrogels.

scholarly journals Synovial Fluid Profile Dictates Nanopracticle Uptake into Cartilage- Implications of the Protein Corona for Novel Arthitis Treatments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ula von Mentzer ◽  
Tilia Selldén ◽  
LOISE Råberg ◽  
Gizem Erensoy ◽  
Anna-Karin Hultgård-Ekwall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Fetal Calf Serum ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Protein Corona ◽  
Drug Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Drug Concentrations

<div>Intra-articular drug delivery strategies aiming to deliver drugs in diseases affected by cartilage-related issues are using electrostatic interactions to penetrate the dense cartilage matrix. This enables delivery of sufficient drug concentrations to the chondrocytes to mediate the desired therapeutic effect. As it is well known that size and charge of nanoparticles affects its interactions with the surrounding biological fluids, where proteins adsorb to the NP surface, resulting in a protein corona. There are, however, no studies investigating how the formed protein coronas affect cartilage uptake and subsequent cellular uptake, nor how they affect other cells present in the synovium of such diseases. Here, we explore the differences between the protein coronas that form when NP are incubated in synovial fluid from osteoarthritic and rheumatoid arthritis patients and compare this to results obtained using fetal calf serum (FCS), as guide for researchers working on joint drug delivery. We demonstrate that the protein corona indeed affects the uptake into cartilage, where there are major differences between the model proteins in fetal calf serum, as compared to synovial fluid from rheumatoid arthritis patients as well as osteoarthritis patients. The data suggests that when developing drug delivery vehicles for joint diseases that leverages electrostatic interactions and size, the interactions with proteins in the biological milieu is highly relevant to consider.</div>

scholarly journals Hydrogel: Preparation, Characterization and Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ujjwal Nautiyal ◽  
Nandini Sahu ◽  
Diksha Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Biological Tissue ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
Large Molecular Weight

This review article is intended to provide an overview of hydrogel as novel vesicular drug delivery system.For the treatment of many diseases large molecular weight proteins are required. These can be available with the availability of Hydrogels. Hydrogels are hydrophilic, three-dimensional networks, which are able to imbibe large amounts of water or biological fluids, and thus resemble, to a large extent, a biological tissue. They are insoluble due to the presence of chemical (tie-points, junctions) and/or physical crosslinks such as entanglements and crystallites. It has focused on to present a concise review on the applications of hydrogels in the pharmaceutical field, hydrogel properties, method of preparation of hydrogel, advantages and disadvantages of hydrogel, characterization of hydrogel.

scholarly journals Synergistical Use of Electrostatic and Hydrophobic Interactions for the Synthesis of a New Class of Multifunctional Nanohybrids: Plasmonic Magneto-Liposomes

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Fabiola Știufiuc ◽  
Ștefan Nițică ◽  
Valentin Toma ◽  
Cristian Iacoviță ◽  
Dietrich Zahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
New Class

By carefully controlling the electrostatic interactions between cationic liposomes, which already incorporate magnetic nanoparticles in the bilayers, and anionic gold nanoparticles, a new class of versatile multifunctional nanohybrids (plasmonic magneto-liposomes) that could have a major impact in drug delivery and controlled release applications has been synthesized. The experimental results confirmed the successful synthesis of hydrophobic superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and polyethylene glycol functionalized (PEGylated) gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The SPIONs were incorporated in the liposomal lipidic bilayers, thus promoting the formation of cationic magnetoliposomes. Different concentrations of SPIONs were loaded in the membrane. The cationic magnetoliposomes were decorated with anionic PEGylated gold nanoparticles using electrostatic interactions. The successful incorporation of SPIONs together with the modifications they generate in the bilayer were analyzed using Raman spectroscopy. The plasmonic properties of the multifunctional nanohybrids were investigated using UV-Vis absorption and (surface-enhanced) Raman spectroscopy. Their hyperthermic properties were recorded at different frequencies and magnetic field intensities. After the synthesis, the nanosystems were extensively characterized in order to properly evaluate their potential use in drug delivery applications and controlled release as a result of the interaction with an external stimulus, such as an NIR laser or alternating magnetic field.

scholarly journals MicroED Structures of HIV-1 Gag CTD-SP1 Reveal Binding Interactions with the Maturation Inhibitor Bevirimat

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Purdy ◽  
Dan Shi ◽  
Jakub Chrustowicz ◽  
Johan Hattne ◽  
Tamir Gonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Binding Interactions ◽  
Structure Based Drug Design ◽  
Gag Polyprotein ◽  
Pentacyclic Triterpenoid ◽  
Maturation Inhibitor ◽  
Hiv 1

AbstractHIV-1 protease (PR) cleavage of the Gag polyprotein triggers the assembly of mature, infectious particles. Final cleavage of Gag occurs at the junction helix between the capsid protein CA and the SP1 spacer peptide. Here we used MicroED to delineate the binding interactions of the maturation inhibitor bevirimat (BVM) using very thin frozen-hydrated, three-dimensional microcrystals of a CTD-SP1 Gag construct with and without bound BVM. The 2.9-Å MicroED structure revealed that a single BVM molecule stabilizes the 6-helix bundle via both electrostatic interactions with the dimethysuccinyl moiety and hydrophobic interactions with the pentacyclic triterpenoid ring. These results provide insight into the mechanism of action of BVM and related maturation inhibitors that will inform further drug discovery efforts. This study also demonstrates the capabilities of MicroED for structure-based drug design.One-sentence summaryThe MicroED structure of HIV-1 Gag CTD-SP1 at 2.9 Å resolution reveals the molecular basis for binding of the maturation inhibitor bevirimat that will inform further drug discovery efforts.

Relationship between the Valence Electron Structures of Precipitated Phases and Thermostability of Mg-Al-Si Alloy

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 2068-2072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Qu ◽  
Wei Dong Liu ◽  
Gang Zhou ◽  
Xiao Lu Shen ◽  
Chuang Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Valence Electron ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Covalent Bond ◽  
Strengthening Mechanism ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Precipitated Phases

The valence electron structures of the matrix and the precipitated phases of Mg17Al12 and Mg2Si of Mg-Al-Si alloy were calculated, then the space structures of covalent bonds of precipitated phases were analysed. The results show that the structures of the two main bonds of Mg17Al12 are connected through the weaker bond G and its thermostability are lower. The strongest bond A of Mg2Si has three dimensional structure and does not exist the weaker segment of covalent bond structure, so its thermostability is high. Under room temperature, the strengthening mechanism of Mg17Al12 and Mg2Si lies in their atom bond force far large than that of the matrix and they effective locate the dislocation movement. When temperature is above 120 °C, the bond G breaks and Mg17Al12 disrupts, so it can not play a role of locating the grain boundary and controlling the grain boundary of high temperature. But it is not easy for the covalent bond structure of Mg2Si to disrupt under high temperature, so it can effectively obstruct the movement of the grain boundary and dislocation.

Well-defined Graphene Oxide as a Potential Component in Lung Cancer Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Zuchowska ◽  
Elzbieta Jastrzebska ◽  
Marta Mazurkiewicz-Pawlicka ◽  
Artur Malolepszy ◽  
Leszek Stobinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Anticancer Drug ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Anticancer Therapy ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
High Concentrations

Background: Graphene oxide (GO) has unique physical and chemical properties that can be used in anticancer therapy - especially as a drug carrier. Graphene oxide, due to the presence of several hybrid layers of carbon atoms (sp2), has a large surface for highly efficient drug loading. In addition, GO with a large number of carboxyl, hydroxyl and epoxy groups on its surface, can charge various drug molecules through covalent bonds, hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions. Objective: The aim of our work was to evaluate the possibility of future use of graphene oxide as an anticancer drug carrier. Method: In this paper, we present GO synthesis and characterization, as well as a study of its biological properties. The cytotoxic effect of well-defined graphene oxide was tested on both carcinoma and non-malignant cells isolated from the same organ, which is not often presented in the literature. Results: The performed research confirmed that GO in high concentrations (> 300 µgmL-1) selectively decreased the viability of cancer cell line. Additionally, we showed that the GO flakes have a high affinity to cancer cell nucleus which influences their metabolism (inhibition of cancer cell proliferation). Moreover, we have proved that GO in high concentrations can cause cell membrane damage and generate reactive oxygen species on a low level mainly in cancer cells. Conclusion: The proposed GO could be useful in anticancer therapy. A high concentration of GO selectively causes the death of tumor cells, whereas GO with low concentration could be a potential material for anticancer drug loading.

scholarly journals Synovial Fluid Profile Dictates Nanopracticle Uptake into Cartilage- Implications of the Protein Corona for Novel Arthitis Treatments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ula von Mentzer ◽  
Tilia Selldén ◽  
LOISE Råberg ◽  
Gizem Erensoy ◽  
Anna-Karin Hultgård-Ekwall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Fetal Calf Serum ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Protein Corona ◽  
Drug Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Drug Concentrations

<div>Intra-articular drug delivery strategies aiming to deliver drugs in diseases affected by cartilage-related issues are using electrostatic interactions to penetrate the dense cartilage matrix. This enables delivery of sufficient drug concentrations to the chondrocytes to mediate the desired therapeutic effect. As it is well known that size and charge of nanoparticles affects its interactions with the surrounding biological fluids, where proteins adsorb to the NP surface, resulting in a protein corona. There are, however, no studies investigating how the formed protein coronas affect cartilage uptake and subsequent cellular uptake, nor how they affect other cells present in the synovium of such diseases. Here, we explore the differences between the protein coronas that form when NP are incubated in synovial fluid from osteoarthritic and rheumatoid arthritis patients and compare this to results obtained using fetal calf serum (FCS), as guide for researchers working on joint drug delivery. We demonstrate that the protein corona indeed affects the uptake into cartilage, where there are major differences between the model proteins in fetal calf serum, as compared to synovial fluid from rheumatoid arthritis patients as well as osteoarthritis patients. The data suggests that when developing drug delivery vehicles for joint diseases that leverages electrostatic interactions and size, the interactions with proteins in the biological milieu is highly relevant to consider.</div>

scholarly journals Highly Stable Nanoparticle Supercrystals Formed by Aldol Reaction in Conjunction with Slow Solvent Evaporation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiwhan Kim ◽  
Jahar Dey ◽  
Aminah Umar ◽  
Jae-Min Ha ◽  
Sang-Jo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Stability ◽  
Aldol Reaction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Covalent Bond ◽  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
Solvent Evaporation ◽  
Van Der Waals Interactions ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Covalent Bonds

Abstract The nanoparticle supercrystals (NPSCs) have been of great interests for their collective emergent properties. While various NPSCs have been successfully fabricated using intermolecular forces, the limited structural stability of NPSCs due to the weak nature of the intermolecular forces still remains a major hurdle for practical applications. Herein, we report a new method to fabricate highly stable three-dimensional NPSCs by using aldol reaction, a model covalent bond forming reaction, in conjunction with slow solvent evaporation. Gold nanoparticles functionalized with thiol poly-ethylene glycol formyl are linked to each other by carbon-carbon covalent bonds formed by aldol reaction as the particle dispersion in aqueous NaOH solution is slowly evaporated, resulting in highly faceted three-dimensional NPSCs. As-synthesized NPSCs show excellent structural stability in solvents of different polartities as well as the dried condition and at temperature up to 160 °C, which is far superior to NPSCs stabilized by intermolecular forces such as hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions. The new covalent bonding appraoch opens up new opportunities in the synthesis of NPSCs and their applications.

scholarly journals Biomedical Applications of Supramolecular Materials in the Controllable Delivery of Steroids

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Hao ◽  
Feiyi Zhang ◽  
Shanshan Mo ◽  
Jinming Zhao ◽  
Xiangdong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Supramolecular System ◽  
Supramolecular Materials ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Delivery Platform

Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones secreted from the adrenal glands. The strong anti-inflammatory effects make it be one of the most popular and versatile drugs available to treat chronic inflammatory diseases. Additionally, supramolecular materials have been widely exploited in drug delivery, due to their biocompatibility, tunability, and predictability. Thus, steroid-based supramolecular materials and the release of steroids have been applied in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. This mini-review summarized recent advances in supramolecular materials loaded with glucocorticoid drugs in terms of hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and π-π stackings. We also discussed and prospected the application of the glucocorticoid drugs-based supramolecular system on chronic rhinosinusitis, multifactorial inflammatory disease of the nasal and paranasal sinuses mucosal membranes. Overall, supramolecular materials can provide an alternative to traditional materials as a novel delivery platform in clinical practice.

EFEKTIVITAS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TEAMS GAMES TOURNAMENT (TGT) BERBANTUAN MEDIA KARTU SOAL PADA SUB MATERI IKATAN KOVALEN KELAS X MIA DI SMA ISLAM HARUNIYAH PONTIANAK

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulfadhli Abdillah
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Covalent Bond ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Team Games ◽  
Bonding Material ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tenth Grade

 This  study  is  motivated  by  the  low  learning  outcomes  in  the  Sub-covalent  Bond class of tenth-grade students, SMA Islam Haruniyah Pontianak. This problem is due to the  lack  of  students'  understanding  of  the  concept  of  Covalent  Bonds.  Therefore,  a proper learning model is required to improve students’ understanding of Covalent Bond concepts  based  on  the  characteristics  of  both  learning  materials    and  students.  This study  aimed  to  investigate  the  differences  in  the  student  learning  outcomes  and  the effectiveness of the question card-based on TGT learning in the Sub-covalent Bonding material. Using the pre-experimental method of one-group pretest-posttest design, the tenth-grade  students  of  Math  and  Science  Class  of  SMS  Islam  Haruniyah  Pontianak participated in this study. The data collection tools used were learning outcomes tests, observation sheets, and interview sheets. The results of data analysis revealed that the average  pretest  score  was  36  and  the  posttest  was  62.94.  In  addition,  the  t-test statistical  analysis  indicated  a  significance  value  of  0.00  (0.00  <0.05)  which  meanth that there were differences in student learning outcomes between before and after the question  card-based  TGT  learning  model  implemented.  The  gain  value  was  0.42.  In other words, the  question card-based on TGT learning model is effective in improving the student  learning outcomes with good category. Keywords: Covalent Bond, Question Card, Team Games Tournament (TGT)

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