Dynamic of Composition and Diversity of Gut Microbiota in Triatoma rubrofasciata in Different Developmental Stages and Environmental Conditions

Abstract Comparisons of mammalian gut microbiota across different environmental conditions shed light on the diversity and composition of gut bacteriome and suggest consequences for human and animal health. Gut bacteriome comparisons across different environments diverge in their results, showing no generalizable patterns linking habitat and dietary degradation with bacterial diversity. The challenge in drawing general conclusions from such studies lies in the broad terms describing diverse habitats (“wild”, “captive”, “pristine”). We conducted 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing to characterize intestinal microbiota of free-ranging sympatric chimpanzees and gorillas in southeastern Cameroon and sympatric chimpanzees and gorillas in a European zoo. We conducted participant-observation and semi-structured interviews among people living near these great apes to understand better their feeding habits and habitats. Unexpectedly, bacterial diversity (ASV, Faith PD and Shannon) was higher among zoo gorillas than among those in the Cameroonian forest, but zoo and Cameroonian chimpanzees showed no difference. Phylogeny was a strong driver of species-specific microbial composition. Surprisingly, zoo gorilla microbiota more closely resembled that of zoo chimpanzees than of Cameroonian gorillas. Zoo living conditions and dietary similarities may explain these results. We encourage multidisciplinary approach integrating environmental sampling and anthropological evaluation to characterize better diverse environmental conditions of such investigations.

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Colonization of the gut microbiota of honey bee (Apis mellifera) workers at different developmental stages

Microbiological Research ◽

10.1016/j.micres.2019.126370 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 231 ◽

pp. 126370 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Zhi-Xiang Dong ◽

Huan-Yuan Li ◽

Yi-Fei Chen ◽

Feng Wang ◽

Xian-Yu Deng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Apis Mellifera ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Honey Bee ◽

Developmental Stages

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Host development overwhelms environmental dispersal in governing the ecological succession of zebrafish gut microbiota

npj Biofilms and Microbiomes ◽

10.1038/s41522-020-00176-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fanshu Xiao ◽

Wengen Zhu ◽

Yuhe Yu ◽

Zhili He ◽

Bo Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Environmental Effects ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Ecological Succession ◽

Community Succession ◽

Fish Gut ◽

Gut Microbial Community ◽

Host Development ◽

Microbial Community Succession

AbstractClarifying mechanisms underlying the ecological succession of gut microbiota is a central theme of gut ecology. Under experimental manipulations of zebrafish hatching and rearing environments, we test our core hypothesis that the host development will overwhelm environmental dispersal in governing fish gut microbial community succession due to host genetics, immunology, and gut nutrient niches. We find that zebrafish developmental stage substantially explains the gut microbial community succession, whereas the environmental effects do not significantly affect the gut microbiota succession from larvae to adult fish. The gut microbiotas of zebrafish are clearly separated according to fish developmental stages, and the degree of homogeneous selection governing gut microbiota succession is increasing with host development. This study advances our mechanistic understanding of the gut microbiota assembly and succession by integrating the host and environmental effects, which also provides new insights into the gut ecology of other aquatic animals.

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Study of Biology, Morphology And Taxonomy of The Nematode Stephanofilaria Assamensis (Filariina, Stephanofilariidae)

Vestnik Zoologii ◽

10.2478/vzoo-2014-0030 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 269-274

Author(s):

K.A. Saparov ◽

F.D. Akramova ◽

D.A. Azimov ◽

V.I. Golovanov

Keyword(s):

Species Identification ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

Nematode Larvae ◽

Biological Characters

Abstract Study of Biology, Morphology and Taxonomy of the Nematode Stephanofilaria assamensis (Filariina, Stephanofilariidae). Saparov K. A., Akramova F. D., Azimov D. A., Golovanov V. I. — Biological characters of Stephanofilaria assamensis Pande, 1936, a parasite of cattle, were studied under environmental conditions of Uzbekistan with the emphasis on morphology of all developmental stages. Bloodsucking flies Haematobia atripalpis Bezzi, 1895, Lyperosia titillans Bezzi, 1907 and L.irritans Linnaeus, 1758 were established as intermediate hosts. Prevalence of the nematode larvae in the flies constituted 2.1, 1.5, and 1.2 %, respectively. Characters for the species identification were revised. On that basis S. zaheeri Singh, 1958 is regarded as a synonym of S. assamensis. The place of Stephanofilaria genus in the system of Stephanofilariidae is discussed.

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Age-Based Variations in the Gut Microbiome of the Shennongjia (Hubei) Golden Snub-Nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana hubeiensis)

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/6667715 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Lijuan Yao ◽

Xiang Li ◽

Zutao Zhou ◽

Deshi Shi ◽

Zili Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Rhinopithecus Roxellana ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Diverse Groups

The gut microbiota represents a source of genetic and metabolic diversity of a complex polymicrobial ecosystem within its host. To investigate age-based variations of the gut microbiota among Shennongjia golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana hubeiensis), we characterized the microbial species in fecal samples from 18 Shennongjia golden snub-nosed monkeys evenly pooled into 3 aged groups (Group 1, 1-3 years; Group 2, 5-8 years; Group 3, above 12 years) in Shennongjia, Hubei Province, China. Genomic DNA was extracted from fecal samples, and the 16S rRNA gene V4 region was sequenced using the Illumina high-throughput MiSeq platform PE250. A total of 28 microbial phyla were identified in the gut microbiome of these monkeys with the ten most abundant phyla (i.e., Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes, Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, Fibrobacteres, Cyanobacteria, and Euryarchaeota). A total of 1,469 (of 16 phyla and 166 genera), 1,381 (of 16 phyla and 157 genera), and 1,931 (of 19 phyla and 190 genera) operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were revealed in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively, with Group 3 containing the most diverse groups of OTUs as revealed by the species relative abundance clustering analysis. These results suggest that the gut microbiota in these monkeys maintain a dynamic status, starting from the early developmental stages of life with the species relative abundance increasing with age. This is the first study to comprehensively characterize the gut microbiota and provide valuable information for monitoring the health and nutritional needs of this endangered primate at different ages.

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Deterministic transition of enterotypes shapes the infant gut microbiome at an early age

Genome Biology ◽

10.1186/s13059-021-02463-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Liwen Xiao ◽

Jinfeng Wang ◽

Jiayong Zheng ◽

Xiaoqing Li ◽

Fangqing Zhao

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Infant Health ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Ecological Model ◽

Clinical Information ◽

Vital Role ◽

Developmental Patterns ◽

Infant Gut Microbiome ◽

New Perspective ◽

Gut Microbial Community

Abstract Background The succession of the gut microbiota during the first few years plays a vital role in human development. We elucidate the characteristics and alternations of the infant gut microbiota to better understand the correlation between infant health and microbiota maturation. Results We collect 13,776 fecal samples or datasets from 1956 infants between 1 and 3 years of age, based on multi-population cohorts covering 17 countries. The characteristics of the gut microbiota are analyzed based on enterotype and an ecological model. Clinical information (n = 2287) is integrated to understand outcomes of different developmental patterns. Infants whose gut microbiota are dominated by Firmicutes and Bifidobacterium exhibit typical characteristics of early developmental stages, such as unstable community structure and low microbiome maturation, while those driven by Bacteroides and Prevotella are characterized by higher diversity and stronger connections in the gut microbial community. We further reveal a geography-related pattern in global populations. Through ecological modeling and functional analysis, we demonstrate that the transition of the gut microbiota from infants towards adults follows a deterministic pattern; as infants grow up, the dominance of Firmicutes and Bifidobacterium is replaced by that of Bacteroides and Prevotella, along with shifts in specific metabolic pathways. Conclusions By leveraging the extremely large datasets and enterotype-based microbiome analysis, we decipher the colonization and transition of the gut microbiota in infants from a new perspective. We further introduce an ecological model to estimate the tendency of enterotype transitions, and demonstrated that the transition of infant gut microbiota was deterministic and predictable.

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Structure and Dynamics of the Gut Bacterial Community Across the Developmental Stages of the Coffee Berry Borer, Hypothenemus hampei

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.639868 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Fernan Santiago Mejía-Alvarado ◽

Thaura Ghneim-Herrera ◽

Carmenza E. Góngora ◽

Pablo Benavides ◽

Lucio Navarro-Escalante

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Bacterial Community ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Life Stage ◽

Insect Control ◽

Life Stages ◽

Hypothenemus Hampei ◽

Coffee Berry ◽

Structure And Dynamics

The coffee berry borer (CBB); Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is widely recognized as the major insect pest of coffee crops. Like many other arthropods, CBB harbors numerous bacteria species that may have important physiological roles in host nutrition, detoxification, immunity and protection. To date, the structure and dynamics of the gut-associated bacterial community across the CBB life cycle is not yet well understood. A better understanding of the complex relationship between CBB and its bacterial companions may provide new opportunities for insect control. In the current investigation, we analyzed the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota across the CBB developmental stages under field conditions by using high-throughput Illumina sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Overall, 15 bacterial phyla, 38 classes, 61 orders, 101 families and 177 genera were identified across all life stages, including egg, larva 1, larva 2, pupa, and adults (female and male). Proteobacteria and Firmicutes phyla dominated the microbiota along the entire insect life cycle. Among the 177 genera, the 10 most abundant were members of Ochrobactrum (15.1%), Pantoea (6.6%), Erwinia (5.7%), Lactobacillus (4.3%), Acinetobacter (3.4%), Stenotrophomonas (3.1%), Akkermansia (3.0%), Agrobacterium (2.9%), Curtobacterium (2.7%), and Clostridium (2.7%). We found that the overall bacterial composition is diverse, variable within each life stage and appears to vary across development. About 20% of the identified OTUs were shared across all life stages, from which 28 OTUs were consistently found in all life stage replicates. Among these OTUs there are members of genera Pantoea, Erwinia, Agrobacterium, Ochrobactrum, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Brachybacterium, Sphingomonas and Methylobacterium, which can be considered as the gut-associated core microbiota of H. hampei. Our findings bring additional data to enrich the understanding of gut microbiota in CBB and its possible use for development of insect control strategies.

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Gut immunity: its development and reasons and opportunities for modulation in monogastric production animals

Animal Health Research Reviews ◽

10.1017/s1466252318000026 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 46-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Leon J. Broom ◽

Michael H. Kogut

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Developmental Process ◽

Single Layer ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Influential Factor ◽

Immune Development ◽

Gut Immunity ◽

Body Compartments ◽

Production Animals

AbstractThe intestine performs the critical roles of nutrient acquisition, tolerance of innocuous and beneficial microorganisms, while retaining the ability to respond appropriately to undesirable microbes or microbial products and preventing their translocation to more sterile body compartments. Various components contribute to antimicrobial defenses in the intestine. The mucus layer(s), antimicrobial peptides and IgA provide the first line of defense, and seek to trap and facilitate the removal of invading microbes. If breached, invading microbes next encounter a single layer of epithelial cells and, below this, the lamina propria with its associated immune cells. The gut immune system has developmental stages, and studies from different species demonstrate that innate capability develops earlier than acquired. In addition, various factors may influence the developmental process; for example, the composition and activity of the gut microbiota, antimicrobials, maternally derived antibodies, host genetics, and various stressors (e.g. feed deprivation). Therefore, it is clear that particularly younger (meat-producing) animals are reliant on innate immune responses (as well as passive immunity) for a considerable period of their productive life, and thus focusing on modulating appropriate innate responses should be an intervention priority. The gut microbiota is probably the most influential factor for immune development and capability. Interventions (e.g. probiotics, prebiotics, antibodies, etc.) that appropriately modulate the composition or activity of the intestinal microbiota can play an important role in shaping the desired functionality of the innate (and acquired) response. In addition, innate immune mediators, such as toll-like receptor agonists, cytokines, etc., may provide more specific ways to suitably modulate the response. A better understanding of mucosal immunology, signaling pathways, and processes, etc., will provide even more precise methods in the future to boost innate immune capability and minimize any associated (e.g. nutrient) costs. This will provide the livestock industry with more effective options to promote robust and efficient productivity.

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