scholarly journals Geographic Variation Did Not Affect the Predictive Power of Salivary Microbiota for Caries in Children With Mixed Dentition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Li ◽  
Shi Huang ◽  
Yi Guo ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Lijuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Salivary Microbiota

Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic oral diseases, affecting approximately half of children worldwide. The microbial composition of dental caries may depend on age, oral health, diet, and geography, yet the effect of geography on these microbiomes is largely underexplored. Here, we profiled and compared saliva microbiota from 130 individuals aged 6 to 8 years old, representing both healthy children (H group) and children with caries-affected (C group) from two geographical regions of China: a northern city (Qingdao group) and a southern city (Guangzhou group). First, the saliva microbiota exhibited profound differences in diversity and composition between the C and H groups. The caries microbiota featured a lower alpha diversity and more variable community structure than the healthy microbiota. Furthermore, the relative abundance of several genera (e.g., Lactobacillus, Gemella, Cryptobacterium and Mitsuokella) was significantly higher in the C group than in the H group (p<0.05). Next, geography dominated over disease status in shaping salivary microbiota, and a wide array of salivary bacteria was highly predictive of the individuals’ city of origin. Finally, we built a universal diagnostic model based on 14 bacterial species, which can diagnose caries with 87% (AUC=86.00%) and 85% (AUC=91.02%) accuracy within each city and 83% accuracy across cities (AUC=92.17%). Although the detection rate of Streptococcus mutans in populations is not very high, it could be regarded as a single biomarker to diagnose caries with decent accuracy. These findings demonstrated that despite the large effect size of geography, a universal model based on salivary microbiota has the potential to diagnose caries across the Chinese child population.

Caries-associated Salivary Microbiota of Children at Mixed Dentition from Different Geographic Locations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Li ◽  
Shi Huang ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Lijuan Zhang ◽  
Fan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Salivary Microbiota

Abstract The microbial composition of dental caries may depend on age, diet, and geography, yet the effect of geography on these microbiomes is largely underexplored. Here, we profiled and compared saliva microbiota from 130 individuals aged 6 to 8 years old, representing both healthy children (H) and children with severe caries (C) from two geographical regions of China: Qingdao Guangzhou. First, the saliva microbiota exhibited profound differences in diversity and composition between the C and H groups. The caries microbiota featured a lower alpha diversity and more variable community structure than the healthy microbiota. Furthermore, the relative abundance of several genera (e.g., Lactobacillus, Gemella and Cryptobacterium) was significantly higher in the C group than in the H group. Next, geography dominated over disease status in shaping salivary microbiota, and a wide array of salivary bacteria was highly predictive of the individuals’ city of origin. Finally, we built a universal diagnostic model based on 14 bacterial species, which can diagnose caries with 87% and 85% accuracy within each city and 83% accuracy across cities. These findings demonstrated that despite the large effect size of geography, a universal model based on salivary microbiota has the potential to diagnose caries across human populations.

scholarly journals Microbiome Analysis of Three Sample Types Obtained From Mixed Dentition Children With Different Caries Statuses: A Cross-Sectional Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxia Yang ◽  
Lidan He ◽  
Siqi Yan ◽  
Xinyi Chen ◽  
Guoying Que
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Supragingival Plaque ◽  
Selenomonas Noxia

Abstract Background: Both supragingival plaque and saliva are commonly sampled for analysis of microbial communities. However, it remains unclear whether saliva can replace supragingival plaque for microbial studies of caries. There are limited studies on whether the microbiota of healthy first permanent molar (FPM) differs in different caries statuses of deciduous teeth. Herein, the PacBio Sequel platform was used to identify microbiome between three types of oral samples. Additionally, we compared the microbia between children with caries and healthy children in the same kind of microhabitat.Methods: In total, 30 children (aged 7–9 years) were enrolled in this study; 15 of them had dental caries. DNA was extracted from supragingival plaques of deciduous molars, supragingival plaques of maxillary FPMs, and saliva, and the v1–v9 regions of 16S rRNA was amplified. Additionally, PacBio sequencing and bioinformatic analyses were performed.Results: The salivary microbial alpha diversity were lower than that of the supragingival plaque on the teeth, but three was no difference between deciduous teeth and FPMs. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis showed that the saliva samples were mainly scattered in the left side, whereas most plaque samples were distributed on the right. In the same microhabitat , there was no difference in microbial alpha and beta diverty between children with caries and healthy children. For the samples of the deciduous teeth, Streptococcus mutans, Propionibacterium acidifaciens, and Veillonella dispar were more abundant in the children with caries than healthy children, and the first two bacteria showed a positive correlation. For the samples of the FPMs, Selenomonas noxia was more abundant in healthy children than children with caries. But no differentially abundant microorganism were identified between the saliva subgroups. Conclusion:The microbial composition and struction of supragingival plaque was different from that of saliva, and supragingival plaque was found to be the best candidate for studying caries etiology. Streptococcus mutans, Veillonella dispar, and Propionibacterium acidifaciens are highly associated with the existence of deciduous caries. The microbia of the supragingival plaque on the healthy FPMs resemble when the caries status of the deciduous teeth was different, except for the abundance of Selenomonas noxia.

A study of the correlation between chalazion and intestinal flora in chinese children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyue Cui ◽  
Lei Song ◽  
Xie Li ◽  
Ting Qiu ◽  
Jing Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Gut Flora ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract BackgroundChalazion is a chronic inflammatory granuloma of the meibomian gland formed on the basis of the obstruction of the meibomian gland drainage duct and the retention of secretions. It is one of the most common clinically eye diseases in children. Chronic inflammation of the meibomian glands is responsible for this disease, and the gut flora is thought to be involved in the inflammatory process. In this study, we investigated the relationship between intestinal microbial composition and children's chalazion.MethodsFecal samples were collected from 21 children with chalazion and 26 healthy children. DNA was extracted from fecal stool samples and 16S rRNA sequences in the gut flora were detected by using second second-generation sequencing technology. The results were used to compare the composition of the microbiome between patients and healthy controls.ResultsAccording to Alpha Diversity and Beta Diversity analysis, we found that there was no significant difference in bacteria diversity and relative abundance between the two groups. We compared the flora of the control group and the diseased group through Lefse analysis, and screened out 11 different species. Based on the absolute abundance of species, 43 different species were selected. Anosim analysis and metastats analysis were used to compare the flora of the control group and the diseased group again. At the species level, we found that gut_metagenome and human_gut_metagenome are the common differences in species levels obtained from the above analysis. Finally, corrplot correlation analysis was performed, suggesting that gut_metagenome has a great correlation with the number, ulceration, and recurrence of chalazion in children.ConclusionsThere was no significant difference in the diversity index and relative abundance of flora in children with chalazion compared with healthy children, but there were significant differences in some bacterial species. The gut_metagenome strains identified in this study were significantly related to the growth, ulceration, and relapse of children with chalazion. It is suggested that gut_metagenome may be a microbiological indicator which is independent of clinicopathologic factors but associated with chalazion disease .* These authors have contributed equally to this work.

scholarly journals Oral Microbiome Analysis in Prospective Genome Cohort Studies of the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakae Saito ◽  
Yuichi Aoki ◽  
Toru Tamahara ◽  
Maki Goto ◽  
Hiroyuki Matsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Community Based

A baseline oral microbiome study of the Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (TMM) was planned to characterize the profile of the oral microbiome in the Japanese population. The study also aimed to clarify risk factors for multifactorial diseases by integrated analysis of the oral microbiome and host genome/omics information. From 2013 to 2016, we collected three types of oral biospecimens, saliva, supragingival plaque, and tongue swab, from a total of 25,101 participants who had a dental examination in TMM. In this study, we used two independent cohorts; the Community-Based Cohort and Birth and Three-Generation Cohort as discovery and validation cohorts, respectively, and we selected participants examined by a single dentist. We found through the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing analysis of 834 participants of the Community-Based Cohort Study that there are differences in the microbial composition and community structure between saliva and plaque. The species diversities in both saliva and plaque were increased in correlation with the severity of periodontal disease. These results were nicely reproduced in the analysis of 455 participants of the Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study. In addition, strong positive and negative associations of microbial taxa in both plaque and saliva with periodontitis-associated biofilm formation were detected by co-occurrence network analysis. The classes Actinobacteria and Bacilli, including oral health-associated bacterial species, showed a positive correlation in saliva. These results revealed differences in microbial composition and community structure between saliva and plaque and a correlation between microbial species and the severity of periodontal disease. We expect that the large database of the oral microbiome in the TMM biobank will help in the discovery of novel targets for the treatment and prevention of oral diseases, as well as for the discovery of therapeutic and/or preventive targets of systemic diseases.

scholarly journals Biocultural Drivers of Salivary Microbiota in Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilda Handsley-Davis ◽  
Emily Skelly ◽  
Newell W. Johnson ◽  
Kostas Kapellas ◽  
Ratilal Lalloo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Torres Strait Islander ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Australian Aboriginal ◽  
Salivary Microbiota ◽  
Salivary Ph ◽  
Torres Strait

Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children experience unacceptably high rates of dental caries compared to their non-Indigenous Australian counterparts. Dental caries significantly impacts the quality of life of children and their families, particularly in remote communities. While many socioeconomic and lifestyle factors impact caries risk, the central role of the oral microbiota in mediating dental caries has not been extensively investigated in these communities. Here, we examine factors that shape diversity and composition of the salivary microbiota in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and adolescents living in the remote Northern Peninsula Area (NPA) of Far North Queensland. We employed 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing to profile bacteria present in saliva collected from 205 individuals aged 4–17 years from the NPA. Higher average microbial diversity was generally linked to increased age and salivary pH, less frequent toothbrushing, and proxies for lower socioeconomic status (SES). Differences in microbial composition were significantly related to age, salivary pH, SES proxies, and active dental caries. Notably, a feature classified as Streptococcus sobrinus increased in abundance in children who reported less frequent tooth brushing. A specific Veillonella feature was associated with caries presence, while features classified as Actinobacillus/Haemophilus and Leptotrichia were associated with absence of caries; a Lactobacillus gasseri feature increased in abundance in severe caries. Finally, we statistically assessed the interplay between dental caries and caries risk factors in shaping the oral microbiota. These data provide a detailed understanding of biological, behavioral, and socioeconomic factors that shape the oral microbiota and may underpin caries development in this group. This information can be used in the future to improve tailored caries prevention and management options for Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and communities.

Oral Health Status in Relation to Nutritional Status among 9 years old school Children in Dewanyiah City/Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Dr. Zahraa Ali Al-Awadi ◽  
Dr. Baydaa Hussien Hussien
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Primary Dentition ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Gingival Health ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Although they are not life threatening, dental caries and periodontaldisease are the most predominant and widely spread oral diseases throughout theworld. The aims of the study included the investigation of the prevalence andseverity of dental caries, gingivitis and dental plaque in relation to gender,furthermore, nutritional status was assessed in relation to oral health condition(dental caries).Materials and Methods: This oral health survey was conducted among primaryschool children aged 9 years old in Dewanyiah city in Iraq. The total samplecomposed of 600 child (320 males and 280 females) selected randomly fromdifferent school in Dewanyiah city. Diagnosis of dental caries was according tothe criteria described by WHO (1987). Plaque index of Silness and Loe (1964)was used for plaque assessment, gingival index of Loe and Silness (1963) wasfollowed for recording gingival health condition. Nutritional status was assessedaccording to body mass index (BMI) indicator using anthropometric measurement(height and weight).Results: Results showed that the prevalence of dental caries was 85% for 9 year-oldschool children. Regarding primary and permanent dentition, dental caries washigher among females compared to males with statistically significant difference(P<0.05) for primary dentition, on the other hand, males showed higher values offilled surfaces compared to females with statistically significant difference(P<0.05) for primary dentition and highly significant difference (P<0.01) forpermanent dentition. Finding of this study revealed that 100% of the children hadgingival inflammation. Furthermore, the values of plaque and gingival indiceswere higher among males compared to females with statistically highly significantdifferences (P<0.01). In current study, the prevalence of malnutrition described bythe BMI indicator was 5.3%. For total samples no significant difference wasrecorded in dmfs /DMFS values among wasting and well nourished children(P>0.05).Conclusion: A high prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis were recorded.Improvement in the prevention educational programs is needed among schoolchildren.

scholarly journals Virtual Screening and Biological Evaluation of Anti-Biofilm Agents Targeting LuxS in the Quorum Sensing System

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2110196
Author(s):  
Zheng Liu ◽  
Lihua Zhang ◽  
Jincai Wang ◽  
Yanping Li ◽  
Yiqun Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Binding Mode ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Plaque Biofilm

Biofilm formation is considered as a crucial factor in various oral diseases, such as dental caries. The quorum sensing (QS) signaling system was proved to have a crucial role in the microbial dental plaque biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans). LuxS was critical to regulating the QS system and survival of the bacterium, and, therefore, compounds which target LuxS may be a potential therapy for dental caries. The binding activities of 37,170 natural compounds to LuxS were virtually screened in this study. Baicalein and paeonol were chosen for further research of the binding mode and ΔG values with LuxS. Both baicalein and paeonol inhibited the biofilm formation without influence on the growth of S. mutans. Baicalein also distinctly reduced the production of both rhamnolipids and acids. The results provide us with a new approach to combat dental caries instead of the traditional use of antibacterial chemicals.

scholarly journals Oral health problems in high-performance athletes at 2019 Pan American Games in Lima: a descriptive study

BDJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Opazo-García ◽  
Jeel Moya-Salazar ◽  
Karina Chicoma-Flores ◽  
Hans Contreras-Pulache
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Pan American

Abstract Introduction Dental care is provided for high-performance athletes at national and international sports events. Elite athletes may seek care for sports-related injuries and pre-existing oral diseases. Previous studies indicate an association between oral health problems and negative performance impacts in elite athletes. Objectives To determine the prevalence of the most common oral pathologies in high-performance athletes during the emergency dental care performed at the Lima 2019 Pan American Games (JPL-19). Methodology All reports of athletes (≥18 years old, of both sexes, from 41 countries) who received emergency dental care at Pan American Villas during the JPL-19 were included. Injuries and types of oral diseases were classified according to the Injury and Disease Surveillance System proposed by the International Olympic Committee. Results Of the 6680 participating athletes, 76 (1.14%) presented as dental emergencies, 90.8% (69/76) of the athletes seen presented pre-existing oral pathological conditions, the most frequent were periodontal diseases (34%, 26/76) and dental caries (29%, 22/76). Among the sports with the most cases, there were 22 (29%) in athletics, 6 (8%) in soccer, and 6 (8%) in taekwondo. The most frequent dental emergencies came from Peru, Puerto Rico, Bahamas, Grenada, and Venezuela. Conclusions Pre-existing oral diseases were more frequent than sports-related accidents. The most prevalent diseases were periodontal disease and dental caries disease. It is necessary to implement new care strategies for athletes, based on prevention, before and during sports competitions.

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