scholarly journals Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Relieves Gastrointestinal and Autism Symptoms by Improving the Gut Microbiota in an Open-Label Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Li ◽  
Hongyan Chen ◽  
Yi Cheng ◽  
Fenghua Xu ◽  
Guangcong Ruan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Autism Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Trial Registry ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Gi Symptoms

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a severe brain development disorder that is characterized by deficits in social communication and restricted, repetitive and stereotyped behaviors. Accumulating evidence has suggested that gut microbiota disorders play important roles in gastrointestinal symptoms and neurodevelopmental dysfunction in ASD patients. Manipulation of the gut microbiota by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was recently shown to be a promising therapy for the treatment of various diseases. Here, we performed a clinical trial to evaluate the effect of FMT on gastrointestinal (GI) and ASD symptoms and gut microbiota alterations in children with ASD. We found that there was a large difference in baseline characteristics of behavior, GI symptoms, and gut microbiota between children with ASD and typically developing (TD) control children. FMT could improve GI symptoms and ASD symptoms without inducing any severe complications. Similarly, FMT significantly changed the serum levels of neurotransmitters. We further observed that FMT could promote the colonization of donor microbes and shift the bacterial community of children with ASD toward that of TD controls. The abundance of Eubacterium coprostanoligenes pre-FMT was positively correlated with high GSRS scores, whereas a decrease in Eubacterium coprostanoligenes abundance induced by FMT was associated with the FMT response. Our data suggest that FMT might be a promising therapeutic strategy to improve the GI and behavioral symptoms of patients with ASD, possibly due to its ability to alter gut microbiota and highlight a specific microbiota intervention that targets Eubacterium coprostanoligenes that can enhance the FMT response. This trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (www.chictr.org.cn) (trial registration number ChiCTR1800014745).

scholarly journals The Role of Gut Microbiota in Gastrointestinal Symptoms of Children with ASD

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustín Ernesto Martínez-González ◽  
Pedro Andreo-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Repetitive Behavior ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Gi Symptoms

Background and objectives: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired communication, social interaction disorder, and repetitive behavior. Dysbiotic gut microbiota (GM) could be a contributing factor to the appearance of ASD, as gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are comorbidities frequently reported in ASD. As there is a lack of reviews about the role played by GM in the GI symptoms of ASD, this work aimed to carry out a systematic review of current studies comparing the GM of children with ASD and GI symptoms with those of healthy controls in the last six years. Materials and Methods: The systematic review was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. The databases chosen were Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and PsycINFO, and the keywords were (gut* OR intestine* OR bowel* OR gastrointestinal*) AND (microbiota* OR microflora* OR bacteria* OR microbiome* OR flora* OR bacterial* OR bacteria* OR microorganism* OR feces* OR stool*) AND (autistic* OR autism* OR ASD*). Results: A total of 16 articles were included. Ten articles performed correlations analysis between GI symptoms and ASD. Among those 10 articles, 7 found differences between the GI symptoms present in children with ASD and healthy controls. The most common GI symptom was constipation. Among the seven articles that found differences, three performed correlations analysis between GI symptoms and gut microbe abundance. Candida, Prevotella, Streptococcus, and Veillonella showed higher and lower abundance, respectively, in children with ASD and GI symptoms in more than one article. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinomyces, Dorea, Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratios showed abundance discrepancies. Conclusions: It is still too early to draw a conclusion about the gut microbes involved in GI symptoms of ASD. Future research should consider the relationship between ASD behavior, GM, and GI symptoms in a multidisciplinary way and homogenize sample characteristics.

The role of gut dysbiosis in Parkinson's disease: mechanistic insights andtherapeutic options

Brain ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Wang ◽  
Yuqi Luo ◽  
K Ray Chaudhuri ◽  
Richard Reynolds ◽  
Eng-King Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Paradigm ◽  
New Treatment

Abstract Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease in which gastrointestinal symptoms may appear prior to motor symptoms. The gut microbiota of patients with Parkinson's disease shows unique changes, which may be used as early biomarkers of disease. Alteration in gut microbiota composition may be related to the cause or effect of motor or non-motor symptoms, but the specific pathogenic mechanisms are unclear. The gut microbiota and its metabolites have been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease by regulating neuroinflammation, barrier function and neurotransmitter activity. There is bidirectional communication between the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system, and the microbiota-gut-brain axis may provide a pathway for the transmission of α-synuclein. We highlight recent discoveries and alterations of the gut microbiota in Parkinson's disease, and highlight current mechanistic insights on the microbiota-gut-brain axis in disease pathophysiology. We discuss the interactions between production and transmission of α-synuclein and gut inflammation and neuroinflammation. In addition, we also draw attention to diet modification, use of probiotics and prebiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation as potential therapeutic approaches that may lead to a new treatment paradigm for Parkinson's disease.

scholarly journals Future Directions in Reducing Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children With ASD Using Fecal Microbiota Transplantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Żebrowska ◽  
Izabela Łaczmańska ◽  
Łukasz Łaczmański
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Age Range

Research on the use of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in the treatment of disorders related to digestive system ailments in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is a new attempt in a therapeutic approach. There are very little scientific evidences available on this emerging alternative method. However, it appears to be interesting not only because of its primary outcome, relieving the gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, but also secondary therapeutic effect of alleviating autistic behavioral symptoms. FMT seems to be also promising method in the treatment of another group of pediatric patients, children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study is to discuss the potential use of FMT and modified protocols (MTT, microbiota transfer therapy) in the treatment of GI disorders in ASD children supported by reports on another disease, IBD concerning pediatric patients. Due to the few reports of the use of FMT in the treatment of children, these two patients groups were selected, although suffering from distant health conditions: neurodevelopmental disorder and gastrointestinal tract diseases, because of the the fact that they seem related in aspects of the presence of GI symptoms, disturbed intestinal microbiota, unexplained etiology of the condition and age range of patients. Although the outcomes for all are promising, this type of therapy is still an under-researched topic, studies in the group of pediatric patients are sparse, also there is a high risk of transmission of infectious and noninfectious elements during the procedure and no long-term effects on global health are known. For those reasons all obtained results should be taken with a great caution. However, in the context of future therapeutic directions for GI observed in neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, the topic seems worthy of attention.

scholarly journals Do the Bugs in Your Gut Eat Your Memories? Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 814
Author(s):  
Emily M. Borsom ◽  
Keehoon Lee ◽  
Emily K. Cope
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Autism Spectrum

The human microbiota is composed of trillions of microbial cells inhabiting the oral cavity, skin, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, airways, and reproductive organs. The gut microbiota is composed of dynamic communities of microorganisms that communicate bidirectionally with the brain via cytokines, neurotransmitters, hormones, and secondary metabolites, known as the gut microbiota–brain axis. The gut microbiota–brain axis is suspected to be involved in the development of neurological diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease, and Autism Spectrum Disorder. AD is an irreversible, neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation. Microglia and astrocytes, the resident immune cells of the CNS, play an integral role in AD development, as neuroinflammation is a driving factor of disease severity. The gut microbiota–brain axis is a novel target for Alzheimer’s disease therapeutics to modulate critical neuroimmune and metabolic pathways. Potential therapeutics include probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and dietary intervention. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of the gut microbiota–brain axis and neuroinflammation in the onset and development of Alzheimer’s disease, limitations of current research, and potential for gut microbiota–brain axis targeted therapies.

scholarly journals Multivariate Analysis of Fecal Metabolites from Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gastrointestinal Symptoms before and after Microbiota Transfer Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Fatir Qureshi ◽  
James Adams ◽  
Kathryn Hanagan ◽  
Dae-Wook Kang ◽  
Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Fisher Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplant ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
Metabolite Profiles

Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) holds significant promise for patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Prior work has demonstrated that plasma metabolite profiles of children with ASD become more similar to those of their typically developing (TD) peers following this treatment. This work measures the concentration of 669 biochemical compounds in feces of a cohort of 18 ASD and 20 TD children using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. Subsequent measurements were taken from the ASD cohort over the course of 10-week Microbiota Transfer Therapy (MTT) and 8 weeks after completion of this treatment. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis techniques were used to characterize differences in metabolites before, during, and after treatment. Using Fisher Discriminant Analysis (FDA), it was possible to attain multivariate metabolite models capable of achieving a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 95% after cross-validation. Observations made following MTT indicate that the fecal metabolite profiles become more like those of the TD cohort. There was an 82–88% decrease in the median difference of the ASD and TD group for the panel metabolites, and among the top fifty most discriminating individual metabolites, 96% report more comparable values following treatment. Thus, these findings are similar, although less pronounced, as those determined using plasma metabolites.

scholarly journals The Brain-Gut-Microbiome System: Pathways and Implications for Autism Spectrum Disorder

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4497
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Chernikova ◽  
Genesis D. Flores ◽  
Emily Kilroy ◽  
Jennifer S. Labus ◽  
Emeran A. Mayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Gastrointestinal Problems ◽  
The Brain

Gastrointestinal dysfunction is one of the most prevalent physiological symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A growing body of largely preclinical research suggests that dysbiotic gut microbiota may modulate brain function and social behavior, yet little is known about the mechanisms that underlie these relationships and how they may influence the pathogenesis or severity of ASD. While various genetic and environmental risk factors have been implicated in ASD, this review aims to provide an overview of studies elucidating the mechanisms by which gut microbiota, associated metabolites, and the brain interact to influence behavior and ASD development, in at least a subgroup of individuals with gastrointestinal problems. Specifically, we review the brain-gut-microbiome system and discuss findings from current animal and human studies as they relate to social-behavioral and neurological impairments in ASD, microbiota-targeted therapies (i.e., probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation) in ASD, and how microbiota may influence the brain at molecular, structural, and functional levels, with a particular interest in social and emotion-related brain networks. A deeper understanding of microbiome-brain-behavior interactions has the potential to inform new therapies aimed at modulating this system and alleviating both behavioral and physiological symptomatology in individuals with ASD.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal disturbance and effect of fecal microbiota transplantation in discharged COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoqun Deng ◽  
Fengqiong Liu ◽  
Shanliang Ye ◽  
Xin Zhu ◽  
Xuesong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis

Abstract Background: Gastrointestinal manifestations and gut dysbiosis are prevalent after SARS-CoV2 infection.With the continuously increasing number of infected cases, more attention should be paid to this particular population in post-infection recovery.cWe aimed to investigate the potential beneficial effect of FMT on gastrointestinal symptoms, gut dysbiosis and immune status in discharged COVID-19 patients. Results: Gastrointestinal and psychological disorder (45.5%) were observed in COVID-19 patients during post-infection recovery, improvement of which were observed after FMT. Most of the lab results including blood routine and blood biochemistry, within the normal range. The general distribution of 69 different types of lymphocytes differed between before and after FMT. FMT exert significant effect on B cells which was characterized as decreased naive B cell ( P =0.012) and increased memory B cells ( P = 0.001) and non-switched B cells ( P = 0.012).The microbial community richness indicated by OTUs number, observed species and Chao1 estimators was marginally increased after FMT, whereas the community diversity estimated by the Shannon and Simpson index showed no significant changes after FMT. Gut microbiome composition of discharged COVID-19 patients differed from that of the general population at both phylum and genera level, which was characterized with a lower proportion of Firmicutes (41.0%) and Actinobacteria (4.0%), higher proportion of Bacteroidetes (42.9%) and Proteobacteriato (9.2%). FMT can partially restore the gutdysbiosis by increasing the relative abundance of Actinobacteria (15.0%) and reducing Proteobacteriato (2.8%) at the phylum level. At the genera level, Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium , which were dominant genera in the human gut microbiota and were beneficial for human health, had significantly increased after FMT. Conclusions: Gastrointestinal and gut dysbiosis were observed in COVID-19 patients during post-infection recovery. FMT can improve the immune functionality, restore the gut microbiota, alleviate gastrointestinal disorders, and may serve as a potential therapeutic and rehabilitative intervention for the COVID-19.

scholarly journals Could Candida Overgrowth Be Involved in the Pathophysiology of Autism?

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 442
Author(s):  
Anna Herman ◽  
Andrzej Przemysław Herman
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Autism Symptoms ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Brain And Behavior ◽  
The One ◽  
And Behavior

The purpose of this review is to summarize the current acquiredknowledge of Candida overgrowth in the intestine as a possible etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The influence of Candida sp. on the immune system, brain, and behavior of children with ASD isdescribed. The benefits of interventions such as a carbohydrates-exclusion diet, probiotic supplementation, antifungal agents, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and microbiota transfer therapy (MTT) will be also discussed. Our literature query showed that the results of most studies do not fully support the hypothesis that Candida overgrowth is correlated with gastrointestinal (GI) problems and contributes to autism behavioral symptoms occurrence. On the one hand, it was reported that the modulation of microbiota composition in the gut may decrease Candida overgrowth, help reduce GI problems and autism symptoms. On the other hand, studies on humans suggesting the beneficial effects of a sugar-free diet, probiotic supplementation, FMT and MTT treatment in ASD are limited and inconclusive. Due to the increasing prevalence of ASD, studies on the etiology of this disorder are extremely needed and valuable. However, to elucidate the possible involvement of Candida in the pathophysiology of ASD, more reliable and well-designed research is certainly required.

scholarly journals Autism, Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Nutritional Interventions

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Vittoria Ristori ◽  
Andrea Quagliariello ◽  
Sofia Reddel ◽  
Gianluca Ianiro ◽  
Stefano Vicari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Gi Symptoms

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex behavioral syndrome that is characterized by speech and language disorders, intellectual impairment, learning and motor dysfunctions. Several genetic and environmental factors are suspected to affect the ASD phenotype including air pollution, exposure to pesticides, maternal infections, inflammatory conditions, dietary factors or consumption of antibiotics during pregnancy. Many children with ASD shows abnormalities in gastrointestinal (GI) physiology, including increased intestinal permeability, overall microbiota alterations, and gut infection. Moreover, they are “picky eaters” and the existence of specific sensory patterns in ASD patients could represent one of the main aspects in hampering feeding. GI disorders are associated with an altered composition of the gut microbiota. Gut microbiome is able to communicate with brain activities through microbiota-derived signaling molecules, immune mediators, gut hormones as well as vagal and spinal afferent neurons. Since the diet induces changes in the intestinal microbiota and in the production of molecules, such as the SCFA, we wanted to investigate the role that nutritional intervention can have on GI microbiota composition and thus on its influence on behavior, GI symptoms and microbiota composition and report which are the beneficial effect on ASD conditions.

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