scholarly journals An Argument-Based Framework for Validating Formative Assessment in the Classroom

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Yongqi Gu
Keyword(s):  
Formative Assessment ◽  
Independent Set ◽  
Educational Assessment ◽  
Validity Argument ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Made In

The embedded and contingent nature of classroom-based formative assessment means that validity in the norm-referenced, summative tradition cannot be understood in exactly the same way for formative assessment. In fact, some scholars (e.g., Gipps, Beyond testing: towards a theory of educational assessment, 1994, Falmer Press, London, UK) have even contended for an entirely different paradigm with an independent set of criteria for its evaluation. Many others have conceptualized the validity of formative assessment in different ways (e.g., Nichols et al., 2009, 28 (3), 14–23; Stobart, Validity in formative assessment, 2012, SAGE Publications Ltd, London, UK; Pellegrino et al., Educ. Psychol., 2016, 51 (1), 59–81). This article outlines a framework for evaluating the argument-based validity of CBFA. In particular, I use Kane (J. Educ. Meas., 2013, 50 (1), 1–73) as a starting point to map out the types of inferences made in CBFA (interpretation and use argument) and the structure of arguments for the validity of the inferences (validity argument). It is posited that a coherent and practical framework, together with its suggested list of inferences, warrants and backings, will help researchers evaluate the usefulness of CBFA. Teachers may find the framework useful in validating their own CBFA as well.

Quel corpus pour l’étude du dialecte niçois ?

2021 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-361
Author(s):  
Philippe Del Giudice
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Descriptive Grammar ◽  
Written Production ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Social Use ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Made In ◽  
Do So

Abstract A new project has just been launched to write a synchronic, descriptive grammar of Niçois, the Occitan dialect of Nice. In this article, I define the corpus of the research. To do so, I first review written production from the Middle Ages to the present. I then analyze the linguistic features of Niçois over time, in order to determine the precise starting point of the current language state. But because of reinforced normativism and the decreasing social use of Niçois among the educated population, written language after WWII became artificial and does not really correspond to recordings made in the field. The corpus will thus be composed of writings from the 1820’s to WWII and recordings from the last few decades.

scholarly journals Treatments’ Complexity in Dental Care Assistance, Urban Versus Rural Environment - Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
Camelia Ionescu ◽  
Mădălina Adriana Malița ◽  
Viorel Ștefan Perieanu ◽  
Mihai Burlibașa ◽  
Magdalena Natalia Dina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Care ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Facial Region ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Dental Offices ◽  
Care Assistance ◽  
Urban Versus ◽  
Made In

Abstract When talking about dental assistance we actually refer to the prevention, detection and treatment of diseases of the oral and maxillo-facial region which, in most cases, have as a starting point or interest the dento-maxillary system. In this material, we tried to present a comparative study on the typology and complexity of different stages of dental treatments that can be performed in urban areas, compared to various stages of dental treatments that are performed and / or could be made in rural dental offices from in Romania.

scholarly journals Otras imágenes y otras palabras de la Transición española

Neuróptica ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 103-118
Author(s):  
Pablo Dopico
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Transition ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Historical Document ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Joint Study ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
Direct Reflection ◽  
Made In

Resumen: Desde un enfoque inter y multidisciplinar, el estudio conjunto de la obra de Eduardo Haro Ibars, Alberto García-Alix y Ceesepe se presenta como punto de partida para abordar algunos nexos y relaciones existentes entre el cómic underground, la fotografía y la poesía realizadas en la España de la Transición democrática. Con el objetivo de establecer vínculos entre el cómic y otras artes, este análisis pretende descubrir múltiples afinidades entre los tres autores y entre ambos lenguajes, el visual y el literario, reivindicando su valor como documento histórico de excepcional interés que ofrece un reflejo directo de los acontecimientos ocurridos en España entre la prometedora década de los setenta y el desencanto de los ochenta del pasado siglo XX. Abstract: From an inter and multidisciplinary approach, the joint study of the work of Eduardo Haro Ibars, Alberto García-Alix and Ceesepe is presented as a starting point to address some links and relationships between underground comics, photography and poetry made in the Spain of the democratic transition. With the aim of establishing links between the comic and other arts, this analysis aims to discover multiple affinities between the three authors and between both languages, the visual and the literary, claiming their value as a historical document of exceptional interest that offers a direct reflection of the events in Spain between the promising decade of the seventies and the disenchantment of the eighties of the last century.

scholarly journals From damage models to SIR epidemics and cascading failures

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maude Gathy ◽  
Claude Lefèvre
Keyword(s):  
Branching Process ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Exact Distribution ◽  
Partial Sums ◽  
Mathematical Tool ◽  
Close Approximation ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Damage Models ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Made In

This paper is concerned with a nonstationary Markovian chain of cascading damage that constitutes an iterated version of a classical damage model. The main problem under study is to determine the exact distribution of the total outcome of this process when the cascade of damages finally stops. Two different applications are discussed, namely the final size for a wide class of SIR (susceptible → infective → removed) epidemic models and the total number of failures for a system of components in reliability. The starting point of our analysis is the recent work of Lefèvre (2007) on a first-crossing problem for the cumulated partial sums of independent parametric distributions, possibly nonstationary but stable by convolution. A key mathematical tool is provided by a nonstandard family of remarkable polynomials, called the generalised Abel–Gontcharoff polynomials. Somewhat surprisingly, the approach followed will allow us to relax some model assumptions usually made in epidemic theory and reliability. To close, approximation by a branching process is also investigated to a certain extent.

scholarly journals The tale of the fungi of two gardens: non-lichenised fungi of the Botanic Gardens in Glasgow

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
R. Watling
Keyword(s):  
City Council ◽  
Complete List ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Short Account ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Made In ◽  
Present Site

A brief history of the early days of mycology in Scotland is given to act as a starting point from which to view the fungal records made in the gardens at Sandyford and Kelvinside. The former was vacated in 1842 and the garden transferred to the present site at Kelvinside under the authority of the Glasgow City Council. The role of J.F. Klotzsch in generating the earliest records is emphasised and the compilation of fungal records, mainly of macrofungi, until the present day is discussed. A short account of the microfungi is given. A complete list of the fungi recorded from the two gardens is provided.

Mutual Value in Business Relationships

2010 ◽  
pp. 971-981
Author(s):  
Rita de Cássia Pereira ◽  
Carlo Gabriel Porto Bellini ◽  
Fernando Bins Luce
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Marketing ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Business Relationships ◽  
Business Relationship ◽  
Research Fronts ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Relationship Assessment ◽  
Made In

Relationship marketing evolves both in quantity and quality, as we can tell from the continuous incorporation of new constructs, models and technologies, the myriad of applications in different contexts, and the interaction with other marketing and management areas. Concepts and processes in relationship marketing continue to mature significantly with the help of developments made in other research fronts. In this sense, the concept of value as communicated by authors in the field (e.g., Hogan, 2001; Möller & Törrönen, 2003) brought light to the problem of relationship assessment, if we agree that value creation is critical for companies working together in a business relationship (Walter et al., 2001); thus, value creation must be the starting point for companies and customers to assess their relationships.

scholarly journals The evolution of the animals: introduction to a Linnean tercentenary celebration

2008 ◽  
Vol 363 (1496) ◽  
pp. 1421-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian J Telford ◽  
D. Timothy J Littlewood
Keyword(s):  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Phylogenetic Systematics ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Animal Evolution ◽  
Data Errors ◽  
Carl Linnaeus ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Branching Patterns ◽  
Evolution By Natural Selection ◽  
Made In

Celebrating 300 years since the birth of Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778), a meeting was held in June 2007 to review recent progress made in understanding the origins and evolutionary radiation of the animals. The year 2008 celebrates the 250th anniversary of the publication of the 10th edition of Linnaeus' Systema Naturae , generally considered to be the starting point of zoological nomenclature. With subsequent advances in comparative taxonomic and systematic studies, Darwin's discovery of evolution by natural selection, the birth of phylogenetic systematics, and the wider interest in biodiversity, it is salutary to consider that many of the major advances in our understanding of animal evolution have been made in recent years. Phylogenetic systematics, drawing from evidence provided by genotype, phenotype and an understanding of the link between them through comparative embryological and evolutionary developmental studies, has provided a wide consensus of the major branching patterns of the tree of life. More importantly, the integrated approaches discussed in the 16 contributions to this volume highlight the identity and nature of problematic taxa, the missing data, errors in existing analytical procedures and the promise of a wealth of additional characters from genomes that need to be accumulated and assessed in providing a definitive Systema Naturae .

scholarly journals Problems of spatial planning, zoning and urban development in modern Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 03050
Author(s):  
Sergei Mezentsev
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Negative Phenomena ◽  
Made In

The purpose of this article is a comprehensive review of spatial and urban planning, and zoning in modern Russia. The starting point of the study is the experience of territorial, urban planning and zoning of the Soviet Union, which has achieved significant success in this area of activity. To achieve this goal, we used the books of modern Russian researchers and the author’s publications of this article, as well as materials posted on the Internet, applied philosophical and scientific approaches and research methods: systemic, dialectic, socio-humanitarian, anthropological, environmental, aesthetic and cybernetic approaches, as well as methods of observation, analysis, synthesis, analogy, comparison, generalization. As a result of the study, many negative phenomena and mistakes made in the territorial planning, zoning and urban development of post-Soviet Russia were revealed: the system was lost, the laws of dialectics are violated, there is no synergy between state structures and civil society, there is an excessive concentration of the population in Moscow and the Moscow region, it isn’t possible to provide comfortable and safe living conditions for each person and, the most importantly, environmental problems in cities and neighboring territories become more acute.

Formative assessment in teacher talk during lesson studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolette van Halem ◽  
Sui Lin Goei ◽  
Sanne F. Akkerman
Keyword(s):  
Formative Assessment ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Teacher Talk ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
Educational Support ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Systematic Examination ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Systematic Practice

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the extent of systematic examination of students’ educational (support) needs by teachers participating in lesson study (LS) meetings within a framework of formative assessment (FA). Design/methodology/approach The study took place in the context of upper preparatory vocational education in the Netherlands. The learning trajectory of two LS teams was examined qualitatively, using the framework of FA to analyze teachers’ explorative talk during LS-meetings. The sample included Dutch language teachers and mathematics teachers. Findings Findings revealed how the process of FA was intertwined with the LS process. Systematic examination of teaching practice was partly identified, however, FA was frequently inadequately applied. Teachers tended to rush into talk about pedagogics, instead of identification of goals and students’ educational (support) needs. In total, 12 characteristics of teacher talk were related to the extent to which FA was applied. Research limitations/implications The findings of this study suggest that guidance and support during LS-meetings is desirable for systematic practices during LS-meetings and this guidance and support should adapt to specific weaknesses and strengths of a LS team. Originality/value This study builds on previous findings suggesting that a systematic approach is important for teachers during LS-meetings. The findings provide a starting point for realizing the potential of LS in preparatory vocational education, by revealing potential pitfalls of systematic practice during LS-meetings. Moreover, this study presents a framework of FA as a potential tool in facilitating a systematic practice of LS.

scholarly journals Uzasadnianie twierdzeń interpretacyjnych z perspektywy derywacyjnej koncepcji wykładni prawa

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Choduń ◽  
Maciej Zieliński
Keyword(s):  
Legal Norm ◽  
Legal Interpretation ◽  
Content Validation ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Made In

The duty to provide justification for claims is the realization of the postulate of criticism in the academia. Decisions regarding legal interpretation (regardless of whether they are formulated in the process of applying the law or outside this process) are made in the form of claims about a binding legal norm with a certain content. Validation of such claims requires their justification, just like in the academia. And in the academia, a claim remains theoretical until someone presents an inter-subjectively verified justification for it. The aim of this article is precisely that: to indicate the necessity to justify interpretive claims (both partial and final) in the process of interpretation. As a starting point in the process of demonstrating the need to formulate such a justification, we choose the derivative conception of legal interpretation, which provides for the duty to justify interpretive claims for methodological reasons (and which is an intrinsic element of the content of legal directives in this conception, at least implicitly). We present and discuss the types of justifications for interpretive claims and their variants (weak and strong). Furthermore, we analyse the difference between justifying ordinary and interpretive claims. Finally, we also identify the consequences of failure to provide such justifications.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document