scholarly journals Changes in Air Pollution Following the COVID-19 Epidemic in Northern China: The Role of Meteorology

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Xian ◽  
Zhanqing Li ◽  
Jing Wei
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Low Wind Speed ◽  
Seasonal Signals ◽  
Haze Formation ◽  
Holiday Effects

COVID-19 has a tremendous impact on both human life and the environment due to the unprecedented large-scale shutdown of economic activities at the beginning of 2020. While it was widely expected to see a dramatic reduction in air pollution, reality appears to be much more complex due to the joint influences of emissions and meteorology in dictating air pollution. By analyzing ample meteorological and environmental observational data, this study attempts to evaluate the contribution of an economic lockdown or at a well-below normal level across China to air pollution during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Besides the unprecedented emission reductions that helped to improve air quality, multiple other factors came into play, such as high humidity and low wind speed that are favorable for haze formation. After separating long-term trends, seasonal signals, holiday effects, and meteorological contributions concerning climatology, we estimated that the relative contributions of human activities to changes in particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 μm and nitrogen dioxide during the epidemic were −17.13 μg/m3 and −0.03 μg/m3, respectively, with negative quantities denoting reductions to air pollution. Furthermore, comparing the changes in PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations after lockdown revealed that for short-term control measures, meteorological factors mainly affected pollutant particles.

scholarly journals Analisis Dampak Penambangan Pasir Ilegal Sungai Brantas terhadap Lingkungan Hidup di Desa Brumbung Kabupaten Kediri

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Agus Abdul Halim ◽  
Nugroho Tri Waskitho ◽  
Galit Gatut Prakosa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Sand Mining ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Impact

Indonesia is a country with abundant natural resources, including those with enough potential, namely the mining sand industry. Mining on a large scale is good for economic growth, but vice versa on the environmental impacts caused. Environmental damage due to exploitation also occurred in Brumbung village, Kediri district. Environmental damage caused by existing sand mining creates problems that must be claimed by all parties. This paper examines how the impact caused by sand mining activities on the surrounding environment. This type of research is descriptive-qualitative, where the research process and understanding are based on the methodology that investigates a phenomenon. To study this problem, observations and questions and answers were made to the miners, the surrounding community and also the relevant offices. The observed location is around the Brantas River where there are sand mining activities in Brumbung Village, Kepung Subdistrict, Kediri District. research in the area is motivated by the phenomenon of the large number of illegal sand mining in the Brantas river, especially in the self-inflated village, which has many pros and cons in the surrounding community. The environment itself is all things, conditions, conditions and influences that are in the space we occupy and affect the things that live, including human life. Population growth has increased the need for clothing, food, shelter, clean water and energy. This results in higher exploitation of natural resources and tends to neglect environmental aspects. Therefore there is a need for research on the study of environmental impacts, both physical and socio-economic activities of sand mining in the berumbung village, in order to obtain an overview of the environmental impacts that occur or will occur. Later this research is to be taken into consideration in making policies related to the problem of sand mining. 

scholarly journals Attributions of meteorological and emission factors to the 2015 winter severe haze pollution episodes in China's Jing-Jin-Ji area

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 2971-2980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Liu ◽  
Sunling Gong ◽  
Jianjun He ◽  
Meng Yu ◽  
Qifeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
Emission Control Measures

Abstract. In the 2015 winter month of December, northern China witnessed the most severe air pollution phenomena since the 2013 winter haze events occurred. This triggered the first-ever red alert in the air pollution control history of Beijing, with an instantaneous fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) concentration over 1 mg m−3. Air quality observations reveal large temporal–spatial variations in PM2. 5 concentrations over the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (Jing-Jin-Ji) area between 2014 and 2015. Compared to 2014, the PM2. 5 concentrations over the area decreased significantly in all months except November and December of 2015, with an increase of 36 % in December. Analysis shows that the PM2. 5 concentrations are significantly correlated with the local meteorological parameters in the Jing-Jin-Ji area such as the stable conditions, relative humidity (RH), and wind field. A comparison of two month simulations (December 2014 and 2015) with the same emission data was performed to explore and quantify the meteorological impacts on the PM2. 5 over the Jing-Jin-Ji area. Observation and modeling results show that the worsening meteorological conditions are the main reasons behind this unusual increase of air pollutant concentrations and that the emission control measures taken during this period of time have contributed to mitigate the air pollution ( ∼  9 %) in the region. This work provides a scientific insight into the emission control measures vs. the meteorology impacts for the period.

scholarly journals Contributions of meteorology and emission to the 2015 winter severe haze pollution episodes in Northern China

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Ting Liu ◽  
Sunling Gong ◽  
Meng Yu ◽  
Qi Chao Zhao ◽  
Huai Rui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
Air Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Emission Control Measures

Abstract. Northern China in the 2015 winter months of November and December has witnessed the most severe air pollution phenomena since the 2013 winter haze events occurred, which triggered the first ever Red Alert in the air pollution control history of Beijing, with an instantaneous PM2.5 concentration over 1 mg m−3. Analysis and modeling results show that the worsening meteorology conditions are the main reason behind this unusual increase of air pollutant concentrations and the emission control measures taken during this period of time have contributed to mitigate the air pollution in the region. This work provides a scientific insight of the emission control measures vs. meteorology impacts for the period.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTALLY INDUCED MIGRATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (390) ◽  
pp. 213-219
Author(s):  
E. M. Moiseeva ◽  
A. S. Lukyanets
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Temporary Employment ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Temporary Reduction ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Technological Disasters

The purpose of this article is to identify the specific trends of migration flows induced by negative environmental changes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. First of all, based on an analysis of meteoro-logical data it was proved that in the near future, the risk of dangerous natural disasters that might cause large-scale population movements remains no less high than in the past few years. A temporary reduction in CO2 emissions due to a reduction in industrial production and transportation along with restrictive infection control measures will be short-term and insufficient to slow down climate change. Consequently, we can expect that during the pandemic the number of environmental migrants throughout the world will not decrease and might reach about 20 million people a year only due to forced relocations caused by weather-related hazards. In this study, we use the term environmental migrants to refer to both those people who have been forced to leave their place of residence due to natural or technological disasters, and those people who have voluntarily decided to migrate under amid slow-onset environ-mental degradation. Both of these categories of migrants are already exposed to the risks posed by adverse environ-mental conditions. In the context of a coronavirus pandemic, additional risks begin to affect each group differently. Internally displaced people will face problems caused by restrictions on movement imposed in most countries, as well as poor sanitary and hygienic conditions during evacuation and at temporary accommodation centers, which greatly increase the risk of infection and further spread of the virus. Voluntary environmental migrants in most cases move because of the inability to continue their usual economic activities in the changing environmental situation in their home region and the need to find a job in a sphere which does not depend directly on natural and climatic conditions. Most often these are farmers who look for temporary employment in cites. This category of migrants will be adversely affected by the economic consequences of the coronavirus pandemic, namely, the reduction of jobs and wages in a number of industries, especially ones that are related to public services and transportation. A cut in remittances will reduce the adaptive potential of their environmentally vulnerable home areas, and lead to further deterioration of the environment and living conditions of the population.

scholarly journals Attributions of meteorological and emission factors to the 2015 winter severe haze pollution episodes in Northern China

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Liu ◽  
Sunling Gong ◽  
Meng Yu ◽  
Qichao Zhao ◽  
Huairui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
Air Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Emission Control Measures

Abstract. Northern China in the 2015 winter months of November and December has witnessed the most severe air pollution phenomena since the 2013 winter haze events occurred, which triggered the first ever Red Alert in the air pollution control history of Beijing, with an instantaneous PM2.5 concentration over 1 mg m−3. Analysis and modeling results show that the worsening meteorology conditions are the main reason behind this unusual increase of air pollutant concentrations and the emission control measures taken during this period of time have contributed to mitigate the air pollution in the region. This work provides a scientific insight of the emission control measures vs. meteorology impacts for the period.

scholarly journals Unexpected air pollution with marked emission reductions during the COVID-19 outbreak in China

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 369 (6504) ◽  
pp. 702-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianhao Le ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Lang Liu ◽  
Jiani Yang ◽  
Yuk L. Yung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Northern China ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Haze Formation ◽  
The City

The absence of motor vehicle traffic and suspended manufacturing during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in China enabled assessment of the efficiency of air pollution mitigation. Up to 90% reduction of certain emissions during the city-lockdown period can be identified from satellite and ground-based observations. Unexpectedly, extreme particulate matter levels simultaneously occurred in northern China. Our synergistic observation analyses and model simulations show that anomalously high humidity promoted aerosol heterogeneous chemistry, along with stagnant airflow and uninterrupted emissions from power plants and petrochemical facilities, contributing to severe haze formation. Also, because of nonlinear production chemistry and titration of ozone in winter, reduced nitrogen oxides resulted in ozone enhancement in urban areas, further increasing the atmospheric oxidizing capacity and facilitating secondary aerosol formation.

scholarly journals Air Quality Index Estimation Based on Image Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (05) ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
Mohd Ashraf., Niket., Devender & Dr. Vinod Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Air Quality Index ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
Index Estimation ◽  
Harmful Effects

Air pollution is an issue that is out of the control of an average citizen. Controlling air pollution requires preventive and control measures on a large scale implemented by the government. However, what an individual can dois protect him/her from the harmful effects of pollution by taking precautions such as not going out in times of severe pollution or wearing an air mask when travelling out. It will be very helpful if a person is able to find out the pollution level around him. Government provides measures of pollution in terms of AIR QUALITY INDEX (AQI). However this is provided only at certain centre places. AQI may change drastically between these centres. In this report, an effort was made to solve this problem by enabling an individual to find an estimate of the Air Quality Index near them with their smartphone, even without an Internet connection, by simply clicking an image of their surroundings. Using this information a person can take preventive measures to take care of his health. This will not only spread awareness about air pollution but also protect people from the harmful effects of air pollution. We have used Machine Learning to achieve this goal. We prepared a dataset of images of sky and trained a model using several algorithms and compared them. We then used this model to recognise almost accurate AQI of the surroundings.

Assessment of quality of life in patients with the effects of transient ischemic stroke

2016 ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
A. Babirad
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Cerebrovascular Events ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Angioplasty And Stenting

Cerebrovascular diseases are a problem of the world today, and according to the forecast, the problem of the near future arises. The main risk factors for the development of ischemic disorders of the cerebral circulation include oblique and aging, arterial hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus and heart disease. An effective strategy for the prevention of cerebrovascular events is based on the implementation of large-scale risk control measures, including the use of antiagregant and anticoagulant therapy, invasive interventions such as atheromectomy, angioplasty and stenting. In this connection, the efforts of neurologists, cardiologists, angiosurgery, endocrinologists and other specialists are the basis for achieving an acceptable clinical outcome. A review of the SF-36 method for assessing the quality of life in patients with the effects of transient ischemic stroke is presented. The assessment of quality of life is recognized in world medical practice and research, an indicator that is also used to assess the quality of the health system and in general sociological research.

TO THE QUESTION OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR TORTURE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
ASTEMIR ZHURTOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Life ◽  
International Standards ◽  
World Community ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
The Russian Federation

Cruel and inhumane acts that harm human life and health, as well as humiliate the dignity, are prohibited in most countries of the world, and Russia is no exception in this issue. The article presents an analysis of the institution of responsibility for torture in the Russian Federation. The author comes to the conclusion that the current criminal law of Russia superficially and fragmentally regulates liability for torture, in connection with which the author formulated the proposals to define such act as an independent crime. In the frame of modern globalization, the world community pays special attention to the protection of human rights, in connection with which large-scale international standards have been created a long time ago. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international acts enshrine prohibitions of cruel and inhumane acts that harm human life and health, as well as degrade the dignity.Considering the historical experience of the past, these standards focus on the prohibition of any kind of torture, regardless of the purpose of their implementation.

STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN RELATION TO THEIR GENDER AND ACADEMIC STREAM

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-265
Author(s):  
Dr.Navdeep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Environmental Awareness ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Stages Of Learning ◽  
The Masses

Since its evolution environment has remained both a matter of awe and concern to man. The frontier attitude of the industrialized society towards nature has not only endangered the survival of all other life forms but also threatened the very existence of human life. The realization of such potential danger has necessitated the dissemination of knowledge and skill vis-a-vis environment protection at all stages of learning. Therefore, learners of all stages of learning need to be sensitized with a missionary zeal. This may ensure transformation of students into committed citizens for averting global environment crisis. The advancement of science and technology made the life more and more relaxed and man also became more and more ambitious. With such development, human dependence on environment increased. He consumed more resources and the effect of his activities on the environment became more and more detectable. Environment covers all the things present around the living beings and above the land, on the surface of the earth and under the earth. Environment indicates, in total, all of peripheral forces, pressures and circumstances, which affect the life, nature, behaviour, growth, development and maturation of living beings. Irrational exploitation (not utilization) of natural resources for our greed (not need) has endangered our survival, and incurred incalculable harm. Environmental Education is a science, a well-thought, permanent, lasting and integrated process of equipping learning experiences for getting awareness, knowledge, understanding, skills, values, technical expertise and involvement of learners with desirable attitudinal changes about their relationship with their natural and biophysical environment. Environmental Education is an organized effort to educate the masses about environment, its functions, need, importance, and especially how human beings can manage their behaviour in order to live in a sustainable manner.  The term 'environmental awareness' refers to creating general awareness of environmental issues, their causes by bringing about changes in perception, attitude, values and necessary skills to solve environment related problems. Moreover, it is the first step leading to the formation of responsible environmental behaviour (Stern, 2000). With the ever increasing development by modern man, large scale degradation of natural resources have been occurred, the public has to be educated about the fact that if we are degrading our environment we are actually harming ourselves. To encourage meaningful public participation and environment, it is necessary to create awareness about environment pollution and related adverse effects. This is the crucial time that environmental awareness and environmental sensitivity should be cultivated among the masses particularly among youths. For the awareness of society it is essential to work at a gross root level. So the whole society can work to save the environment.

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