scholarly journals Positive and Negative Species Interactions Shape Recruitment Patterns of a Range Expanding Native Alga

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofie E. Voerman ◽  
Paul E. Gribben ◽  
Tim M. Glasby
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Community Change ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Algal Turf ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Recruitment Success ◽  
Recruitment Patterns

A species’ ability to spread is in part governed by the extent to which recipient habitats either resist, tolerate or promote the species’ recruitment. In disturbed marine environments, there is a general trend for the loss of algal canopies, thought to resist invasion, toward algal turf or rock barrens habitat. This study tested whether the spread of the range-expanding native macroalga Caulerpa filiformis was resisted by algal canopies but facilitated by algal turf or barrens habitats. Large-scale field surveys generally supported the predicted recruitment patterns, with C. filiformis recruits being most abundant on turf (but not barrens) and absent under kelp canopies. However, a discrepancy existed between different structural forms of turf, with the positive association holding true only for geniculate corallines, not filamentous turf. Secondly, a laboratory experiment tested whether the physical structure and/or the sediment-trapping properties of coralline turf influenced the recruitment success of C. filiformis. Whilst the structural complexity of turf aided overall recruitment performance (i.e., increased rhizoid production, attachment speed, success, and strength), a positive influence of turf-derived sediment on recruits’ growth was less obvious, at least over 10 days. The high morphological plasticity of C. filiformis propagules resulted in possible benefits of faster or stronger attachment of more developed propagules being only temporary, and that recruitment may be regulated in accordance with habitat preference. Finally, a field experiment confirmed the observed positive role of turf and the negative influence of algal canopies in the short-term, however, adverse environmental conditions in the longer-term resulted in the loss of most fragments. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the importance of both positive and negative species interactions for the recruitment success of a native alga, suggesting that a shift from kelp to turf algae can initiate further community change.

scholarly journals The Relationships Between Serum DHEA-S and AMH Levels in Infertile Women: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1211
Author(s):  
Li-Te Lin ◽  
Kuan-Hao Tsui
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S) and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels has not been fully established. Therefore, we performed a large-scale cross-sectional study to investigate the association between serum DHEA-S and AMH levels. The study included a total of 2155 infertile women aged 20 to 46 years who were divided into four quartile groups (Q1 to Q4) based on serum DHEA-S levels. We found that there was a weak positive association between serum DHEA-S and AMH levels in infertile women (r = 0.190, p < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, serum DHEA-S levels positively correlated with serum AMH levels in infertile women (β = 0.103, p < 0.001). Infertile women in the highest DHEA-S quartile category (Q4) showed significantly higher serum AMH levels (p < 0.001) compared with women in the lowest DHEA-S quartile category (Q1). The serum AMH levels significantly increased across increasing DHEA-S quartile categories in infertile women (p = 0.014) using generalized linear models after adjustment for potential confounders. Our data show that serum DHEA-S levels are positively associated with serum AMH levels.

scholarly journals A Positive Association of Overactivated Immunity with Metabolic Syndrome Risk and Mitigation of Its Association by a Plant-Based Diet and Physical Activity in a Large Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2308
Author(s):  
Sunmin Park ◽  
Ting Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
High Hba1c

The association between immunity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been studied, but its interaction with lifestyles remains unclear. We studied their association and interactions with lifestyles in 40,768 adults aged over 40 years from a large-scale, hospital-based cohort study collected during 2010–2013. White blood cell counts (WBC) and serum C-reactive protein concentrations (CRP) were used as indexes of immune status. The participants were categorized into four groups by the cutoff points of 6.2 × 109/L WBC(L-WBC) and <0.5 mg/dL CRP(L-CRP): L-WBC+L-CRP(n = 25,604), H-WBC+L-CRP(n = 13,880), L-WBC+H-CRP(n = 464), and H-WBC+H-CRP(n = 820). The participants in the H-WBC+L-CRP were younger and had higher numbers of males than the L-WBC+L-CRP. MetS risk was higher by 1.75- and 1.86-fold in the H-WBC+L-CRP and H-WBC+H-CRP, respectively, than the L-WBC+L-CRP. MetS components, including plasma glucose and triglyceride concentrations, and SBP were elevated in H-WBC+L-CRP and H-WBC+H-CRP compared with L-WBC+L-CR+P. The risk of hyperglycemia and high HbA1c was the highest in the H-WBC+H-CRP among all groups. Areas of WBC counts and serum CRP concentrations were 0.637 and 0.672, respectively, in the receiver operating characteristic curve. Daily intake of energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat was not significantly different in the groups based on WBC counts and CRP. However, a plant-based diet (PBD), physical activity, and non-smoking were related to lowering WBC counts and CRP, but a Western-style diet was linked to elevating CRP. A high PBD intake and smoking status interacted with immunity to influence MetS risk: a low PBD and current smoking were associated with a higher MetS risk in the H-WBC+H-CRP. In conclusion, overactivated immunity determined by CRP and WBC was associated with MetS risk. Behavior modification with PBD and physical activity might be related to immunity regulation.

scholarly journals Association of the Yips and Musculoskeletal Problems in Highly Skilled Golfers: A Large Scale Epidemiological Study in Japan

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Yasufumi Gon ◽  
Daijiro Kabata ◽  
Sadahito Kawamura ◽  
Masahito Mihara ◽  
Ayumi Shintani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Musculoskeletal Problems ◽  
Large Scale Epidemiological Study ◽  
Motor Disturbances

The yips are a set of conditions associated with intermittent motor disturbances that affect precision movement, especially in sports. Specifically, skilled golfers suffer from the yips, although its clinical characteristics and pathophysiology have not been well-studied. We surveyed skilled golfers to characterize their yips-related symptoms, to explore potential confounding factors associated with the yips. Golfers’ demographic information, golfing-career-related history, musculoskeletal status and manifestations of the yips are surveyed. Among the 1576 questionnaires distributed, 1457 (92%) responses were received, of which 39% of golfers had experienced the yips. The median age and golfing careers were 48 and 28 years, respectively. Golfers who had experienced the yips were older and had longer golfing careers and more frequent musculoskeletal problems than those without experience of the yips. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a longer golfing career and musculoskeletal problems were independent factors associated with yips experience. More severe musculoskeletal problems were associated with higher odds of experiencing the yips. A positive association between the yips and musculoskeletal problems was also observed. The yips have similar characteristics to task-specific movement disorders, with a detrimental effect caused by excessive repetition of a routine task. These findings support the notion that the yips are a type of task-specific dystonia.

Sexual Orientation, Religiosity, and Subjective Wellbeing in Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Dilmaghani
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Religious Involvement ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Gay Males ◽  
Canadian Data ◽  
Nationally Representative

The cumulative weight of evidence supports that religious involvement has a positive association with subjective wellbeing. This association is found to vary by cultural context, gender, and age. No large scale study exists regarding the effects of sexual orientation on the association between religiosity and subjective wellbeing. This article, using nationally representative Canadian data from 2010 to 2014, fills this gap. As a prelude, the sexual orientation-related differences in religiosity, also not previously examined using Canadian data, are assessed. Both gay males and lesbians are found more likely to be unaffiliated than their heterosexual counterparts. The association of religiosity with subjective wellbeing is found to be positive, though small, for heterosexuals of both genders and for gay males. No statistically significant effect is found for lesbians. Various venues of explanation are explored.

scholarly journals A Robust Cooperative Modulation Classification Scheme with Intra sensor Fusion for the Time correlated Flat Fading Channels

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Marković ◽  
Vlada Sokolović
Keyword(s):  
Fading Channels ◽  
Sensor Fusion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Modulation Classification ◽  
Distributed Sensors ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Flat Fading ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Single Sensor

Networks with distributed sensors, e.g. cognitive radio networks or wireless sensor networks enable large-scale deployments of cooperative automatic modulation classification (AMC). Existing cooperative AMC schemes with centralised fusion offer considerable performance increase in comparison to single sensor reception. Previous studies were generally focused on AMC scenarios in which multipath channel is assumed to be static during a signal reception. However, in practical mobile environments, time-correlated multipath channels occur, which induce large negative influence on the existing cooperative AMC solutions. In this paper, we propose two novel cooperative AMC schemes with the additional intra-sensor fusion, and show that these offer significant performance improvements over the existing ones under given conditions.

scholarly journals Przyczynek do obrazu szlachty Inflant Polskich w łotewskich źródłach i opracowaniach historycznych początku XX w.

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Beata Biesiadowska-Magdziarz
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
General Development ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Native Culture ◽  
Village People ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
Polish Culture

A contribution to the image of Polish Livonia nobility in the Latvian historical sources and studies of the early Twentieth CenturyPolish literature devoted to the role of the Poles in shaping Latvian culture presents unanimity as far as the positive role and results of this influence are concerned. However diametrically opposite Latvian perspective particularly clear in the first years of the existence of independent Latvia needs to be highlighted here.Contacts between the Latvians and Poles and their cultures  differed in different parts of Latvia since the beginning of the Polish presence in this country. The period called ‘the Polish times in Latvia’ in Latvian historical sources lasted the longest in Latgale (1561-1772), i.e. in the so called Polish Livonia. The Polish influence on Latvian folk culture was the strongest there.This period, especially the scale of the influence of Polish culture on Latvian native culture as well as general development of this region, was strongly criticized by numerous Latvian historians.The interest of the Polish noblemen in developing Latgale was subjected to criticism, too. Considering these lands as their own the Poles were not interested in propagating national ideas among  local village people who, according to the Polish nobles, were to succumb to complete polonisation.Great influence of the Polish nobility on culture, economy and creating the national identity of the Latgalian Latvians, the policy of the Polish clergy and polonisation of the local people resulted in a negative opinion of the Polish influence in the Latvian lands.The study is an attempt to outline the issue which Polish researchers have not paid attention to so far. Nevertheless, regarding rich material it needs detailed research on a large scale. Przyczynek do obrazu szlachty Inflant Polskich w łotewskich źródłach i opracowaniach historycznych początku XX w.W literaturze polskiej poświęconej roli Polaków w kształtowaniu kultury Łotwy panuje jednomyślność co do pozytywnej roli i skutków tych wpływów. Nie można jednak pomijać milczeniem istnienia diametralnie różnej perspektywy łotewskiej, która szczególnie wyraźnie zarysowała się w pierwszych latach istnienia niepodległego państwa łotewskiego.Od początku obecności Polaków na Łotwie kontakty Łotyszy z Polakami i ich kulturą różnie wyglądały w poszczególnych regionach Łotwy. Okres, nazywany w historycznych źródłach łotewskich „polskimi czasami na Łotwie”, najdłużej trwał właśnie w Łatgalii (1561–1772), czyli w tzw. Inflantach Polskich. Tam też zauważalny był największy wpływ kultury polskiej na ludową kulturę łotewską.Okres ten był negatywnie oceniany przez wielu historyków łotewskich. Krytyce poddawana była skala oddziaływania kultury polskiej na rodzimą kulturę łotewską, a także na ogólny rozwój ziem dawnych Inflant Polskich.Negatywnie był też oceniany udział szlachty polskiej w rozwoju Łatgalii. Uważając te ziemie za swoje, nie była ona zainteresowana krzewieniem idei narodowych wśród miejscowej ludności chłopskiej, która, według możnowładztwa polskiego, już w niedługim czasie miała ulec całkowitej polonizacji.Ogromny wpływ inflanckiej szlachty polskiej na kulturę, gospodarkę, a także na kreowanie tożsamości narodowej łatgalskich Łotyszy, programowe działania duchowieństwa polskiego oraz polonizacja miejscowej ludności przyczyniły się do negatywnej oceny wpływów polskich na ziemiach łotewskich.Przedstawione opracowanie jest próbą naszkicowania zagadnienia, któremu dotychczas badacze polscy nie poświęcili większej uwagi, a które to ze względu na bogaty materiał wymaga szczegółowych i szeroko zakrojonych badań.

Structural elaboration in police organizations: an exploration

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia L. Jurek ◽  
Matthew C. Matusiak ◽  
Randa Embry Matusiak
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Police Departments ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Police Organizations ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Multiple Time Points ◽  
American Police

Purpose The current research explores the structural elaboration of municipal American police organizations, specifically, the structural complexity of police organizations and its relationship to time. The purpose of this paper is to describe and test essential elements of the structural elaboration hypothesis. Design/methodology/approach The authors explore the structural elaboration hypothesis utilizing a sample of 219 large police departments across the USA. Data are drawn from multiple waves of the Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics survey and are analyzed using tobit and OLS regression techniques. Findings While there is some evidence that police departments are becoming more elaborate, little evidence for the structural elaboration hypothesis as a function of time is found. Originality/value This project is the first to specifically explore the structural elaboration hypothesis across multiple time points. Additionally, results highlight structural trends across a panel of large American police organizations and provide potential explanations for changes. Suggestions for large-scale policing data collection are also provided.

Benthic species as mud patrol - modelled effects of bioturbators and biofilms on large-scale estuarine mud and morphology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muriel Brückner ◽  
Christian Schwarz ◽  
Giovanni Coco ◽  
Anne Baar ◽  
Márcio Boechat Albernaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Change ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Estuarine Sediments ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Benthic Species ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Species Specific

&lt;p&gt;Benthic species that live within estuarine sediments stabilize or destabilize local mud deposits through their eco-engineering activities, affecting the erosion of intertidal sediments. Possibly, the altered magnitudes in eroded sediment affect the large-scale redistribution of fines and hence morphological change. To quantify this biological control on the morphological development of estuaries, we numerically model i) biofilms, ii) two contrasting bioturbating species present in NW-Europe, and iii) their combinations by means of our novel eco-morphodynamic model. The model predicts local mud erodibility based on species pattern, which dynamically evolves from the hydrodynamics, soil mud content, competition and grazing, and is fed back into the hydromorphodynamic computations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We find that biofilms reduce mud erosion on intertidal floodplains and stabilize estuarine morphology, whereas the two bioturbators significantly enhance inter- and supratidal mud erosion and bed elevation change, leading to a large-scale reduction in deposited mud and a widening of the estuary. In turn, the species-dependent changes in mud content redefines their habitat and leads to a redistribution of species abundances. Here, the eco-engineering affects habitat conditions and species abundance while species interactions determine species dominance. Our results show that species-specific biostabilization and bioturbation determine large-scale morphological change through mud redistribution, and at the same time affect species distribution. This suggests that benthic species have subtly changed estuarine morphology through space and time and that aggravating habitat degradation might lead to large effects on the morphology of future estuaries.&lt;/p&gt;

A Novel Approach on Negative Association Rules

2011 ◽  
pp. 1425-1430
Author(s):  
Ioannis N. Kouris
Keyword(s):  
Association Rules ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Association Rules Mining ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Negative Association Rules ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

Research in association rules mining has initially concentrated in solving the obvious problem of finding positive association rules; that is rules among items that exist in the stored transactions. It was only several years after that the possibility of finding also negative association rules became especially appealing and was investigated. Nevertheless researchers based their assumptions regarding negative association rules on the absence of items from transactions. This assumption though besides being dubious, since it equated the absence of an item with a conflict or negative effect on the rest items, it also brought out a series of computational problems with the amount of possible patterns that had to be examined and analyzed. In this work we give an overview of the works having engaged with the subject until now and present a novel view for the definition of negative influence among items.

Psychological Interventions Promoting Resilience Among Transgender Individuals: Transgender Resilience Intervention Model (TRIM)

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 632-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmie Matsuno ◽  
Tania Israel
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Minority Stress ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Intervention Model ◽  
Community Group ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
Resilience Intervention

Transgender people experience disproportionately high mental and physical health risks. Minority stress theory identifies distal and proximal stressors that contribute to negative mental health outcomes for transgender people, and suggests that resilience factors can buffer the negative influence of these stressors. In this article, we aim to synthesize the psychological literature on resilience strategies among transgender people and position it within the minority stress framework and introduce an adapted model called the transgender resilience intervention model (TRIM). The TRIM suggests that social support, community belonging, family acceptance, participating in activism, having positive role models, and being a positive role model are group-level resilience factors. Self-worth, self-acceptance and/or pride, self-definition, hope, and transition are individual-level factors that promote resilience. Community, group, and individual interventions and their potential influence on resilience are discussed. The model calls for the development of additional interventions aimed at increasing resilience for transgender people.

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