scholarly journals Should Hybrids Be Used in Coral Nurseries? A Case Study Comparing Caribbean Acropora spp. and Their Hybrid in the Bahamas

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassie M. VanWynen ◽  
Morgan V. Hightshoe ◽  
Nicole D. Fogarty ◽  
Craig P. Dahlgren ◽  
David S. Gilliam
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Acropora Cervicornis ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Coral Genus ◽  
Restoration Technique

For decades, coral reef ecosystems have been in decline due to environmental stressors such as rising sea temperatures, increased disease prevalence, and other local anthropogenic sources. Considering this decline, coral restoration efforts in the Caribbean have been implemented to promote reef recovery with a focus on the coral genus Acropora. Current methods target the threatened species Acropora cervicornis and A. palmata, but little is known about the restoration potential of their hybrid taxon, A. prolifera. Using interspecific hybrids with higher fitness than one or both parental species has gained traction as a novel restoration technique. For this study, three in situ coral tree nurseries were established around Great Stirrup Cay, The Bahamas, to compare the growth and survival among acroporid taxa. Three 150 mm fragments from six putative genotypes of each acroporid taxa were collected from reefs around New Providence, The Bahamas, and transported to Great Stirrup Cay in June 2018. One fragment from each genotype was transported to each nursery site, cut into three sections (apical, middle, and basal), and suspended from PVC coral trees. Fragment survival was collected monthly for 13 months, and Total Linear Extension (TLE) values were calculated for each fragment monthly for 12 months. Nursery site significantly affected fragment survival, while taxon and fragment section did not. Total fragment mortality was 29.3% in the first month but ranged from 0 to 5% for the rest of the study period until July 2019 (32.7% of remaining fragments died primarily at N1). Overall, A. prolifera growth was significantly greater than the parental species. Taxon, nursery site, and fragment section were identified as important factors affecting TLE. Apical A. prolifera fragment sections at site N3 had the greatest average linear growth at 12 months and had the greatest average growth rate per month. This study highlights the rapid growth rate of hybrid corals and suggests that fragment sections have equivalent survival and growth. Consequently, these results suggest that restoration managers may capitalize on fast growing hybrids for outplanting to degraded reefs and to increase the scale of nursery projects.

scholarly journals The effect of NPK fertilizer with different dosage on the growth rate seaweed (Caulerpa racemosa)

DEPIK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-210
Author(s):  
Riyadi Subur ◽  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Nebuchadnezzar Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Caulerpa Racemosa ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Random Placement ◽  
Cultivation Process ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Different Doses

NPK is a type of fertilizer that plays a role in increasing growth and survival in plants such as seaweed. This study aims to determine the effect of different NPK fertilizer doses on the growth rate of seaweed (Caulerpa racemosa), and to determine which NPK fertilizer dosage has the best effect on the growth rate of C. racemosa. Research begins with collecting samples of seaweed in coastal waters. Ternate Island District Kastela, and the cultivation process is carried out on Jalan Jan, Tabona Village, South Ternate City. The time of the research was two months from August to October, 2020. This study used 12 units of cool box in the form of cork with a size of 90 x 30 cm, which is used as a container for maintaining of C. racemosa. In each treatment using a seed weight of 50 grams. The NPK fertilizer dosage treatment tested was 4 doses, with 3 replications, namely: treatment A: 40 ml NPK fertilizer; B: 60 ml NPK fertilizer; C: 80 ml NPK fertilizer; D: 0 ml NPK fertilizer (control). Research containers using random placement. The design used was a completely randomized design (CRD), using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results obtained showed that NPK fertilizer with different doses the effect is not significantly different on the growth rate of C. racemosa with the highest average growth rate in treatment C amounting to 8.725%, followed by treatment B of 8.178%, treatment A of 7.761%, and the lowest was treatment D of 6.519%.Keywords:NPKSeaweedCaulerpa racemosaGrowth rate

scholarly journals BUDIDAYA BEBERAPA VARIETAS IKAN SEPAT RAWA (Trichogaster trichopterus Pall) DENGAN PEMBERIAN PAKAN KOMERSIAL (SOME VARIETY AQUACULTURE THREE SPOT GORAMY (TRICHOGASTER TRICHOPTERUS PALL) WITH THE PROVISION OF COMMERCIAL FEED)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhmad Murjani
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Tidal Marshes ◽  
Average Growth Rate ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Mean Relative Growth Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cultivation Environment

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan kecepatan pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup tiga jenis ikan gurami (Trichogaster trichopterus, Pall) di rawa monoton, rawa pasang surut, dan rawa tadah hujan yang dipelihara di hapa Galam.Tiga jenis ikan gurami (Trichogaster trichopterus, Pall) mampu hidup dan beradaptasi di lingkungan budidaya, dan dapat diberi makan dengan pakan buatan seperti ikan budaya. Variasi jenis ikan tidak  signifikan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan rawa dan kelangsungan hidup ikan yang dipelihara di lingkungan budidaya rawa. Tingkat pertumbuhan berat rata-rata relatif terbaik adalah perlakuan C (ikan  gurami rawa tadah hujan) sebesar 29.36%. Tingkat pertumbuhan pangjang rata-rata relatif terbaik adalah perlakuan B (Ikan gurami padang rumput rawa) sebesar 9,35%. Konversi pakan terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan C (ikan gurami dari tadah hujan) sebesar 6.80. Tingkat keangsungan hidup terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan B, C, D yaitu sebesar 75.56%.The purpose of this study was to determine the speed of growth and survival of several varieties of three spot goramy (Trichogaster trichopterus Pall) from the monotonous marshes, tidal marshes, bogs and swamps rainfed fields that are kept in hapa Galam.Three spot goramy (Trichogaster trichopterus Pall) are able to live and adapt in the cultivation environment, and can be fed with artificial feed like most culture fish. Variations in the type of fishes did not significantly affect marsh growth and survival of fish that are kept in swamp ride cultivation environment. The mean relative growth rate of weight it is best to treatment C (fish from the marsh three spot goramy rainfed) of 29.36%. Average growth rate is relatively long it is best to treatment B (three spot goramy of marsh meadow Galam) for 9.35 %. Conversion is best to feed on the C treatment (fish from the marsh three spot goramy rainfed) of 6.80. the best survival was in treatment B, C, D of 75.56%.

Environmental factors affecting growth and survival of juvenile western rock lobsters Panulirus longipes (Milne-Edwards)

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Chittleborough
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Impact

The effects of temperature, photoperiod, oxygen, food supply, crowding, and autotomy of limbs have been measured under controlled conditions in aquaria. Growth rate increased with temperature to a maximum 26� C above which both growth rate and survival declined. Varying the length of photoperiod did not affect growth rate or survival, except that the growth rate was depressed significantly in continuous darkness. A mild deficiency of oxygen (60-67 % saturation) resulted in a smaller size increment at a moult; depression to 47-55 % saturation caused deaths at ecdysis. Daily feeding was necessary to maintain maximum rate of growth. The fist response to decreased food supply was a reduction in frequency of moulting. More severe shortage of food also depressed growth increment per moult. Feeding rates and conversion ratios have been measured. Frequency of moulting (and hence growth rate) was depressed markedly when juveniles were held in isolation. At a moult replacing two lost limbs, the growth rate was not affected; replacement of four limbs reduced that moult increment. Single loss of up to four limbs did not result in an earlier moult, but repetitive loss of two or more limbs at or immediately after each ecdysis led to precocious moulting. The impact of these and other components of the environment (shelter, salinity, turbidity, competitors and predators) upon juveniles during the 4 years spent on shallow coastal reefs is discussed. Food supply is emerging as the dominant factor determining growth and survival in the wild population.

SUBSTITUSI FERMENTASI BUNGKIL KELAPA SAWIT DALAM PAKAN BUATAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP BENIH IKAN GURAMI (OSPHRONEMUS GOURAMY)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farida . ◽  
Eka Indah Raharjo ◽  
Arnis Maylinda Sari
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Daily Growth Rate ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Fermentation Residue ◽  
Average Average

ABSTRAKPenelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan fermentasi bungkil kelapa sawit dalam pakan buatan.Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan 3 ulangan.Susunan perlakuan adalah Perlakuan A : bungkil kelapa sawit 12%, Perlakuan B : fermentasi bungkil kelapa sawit 15%, Perlakuan C : fermentasi bungkil kelapa sawit 18%, Perlakuan D : fermentasi bungkil kelapa sawit 21%. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 60 hari untuk mengetahui laju pertumbuhan spesifikberat, laju pertumbuhan harianpanjang, konversi pakan, kelangsungan hidup dan kualitas air sebagai penunjang.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian pakan buatan dengan fermentasi bungkil kelapa sawit menghasilkan respon yang baik terhadap pertumbuhan ikan gurami. Pemberian pakan buatan dengan fermentasi bungkil kelapa sawit 18% (perlakuan C), memberikan hasil terbaik dengan laju pertumbuhan dengan rata – rata laju pertumbuhan spesifik berat 1.502%, laju pertumbuhan harian panjang 4.06%, nilai konversi pakan rata – rata 3.48 dan kelangsungan hidup rata – rata 90%.Kata Kunci : Fermentasi Bungkil Kelapa Sawit, Ikan Gurami, Laju PertumbuhanThe study aims to determine the use of fermentation residue oil palm in artificial feed .Research using a completely randomized design ( CRD ), which consists of 4 treatment three replications.The composition of the treatment is the treatment  A : 12 % of palm oil cake , Treatment B : fermented palm oil cake 15 % , Treatment C : fermented palm oil cake 18 % , Treatment D : fermentation residue palm oil 21 %.This research was conducted for 60 days to determine the specific growth rate of heavy , long daily growth rate , feed conversion , survival and quality of water as a supporter.The results showed the artificial feeding with fermented palm cake to produce a good response to the growth of carp.Feeding artificially by fermentation cake palm oil 18 % ( treatment C ) , gives the best results with a growth rate with the average - average growth rate of the specific weight of 1.502 % daily growth rate long- 4:06 % , the value of feed conversion average - average 3:48 and median survival - average of 90 % .Keywords : Fermentation Palm Kernel Oil, Fish carp, Growth Rate

The United States as the Trade Partner of Poland in te Context of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP)

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-213
Author(s):  
Renata Marks-Bielska ◽  
Wiesława Lizińska ◽  
Izabela Serocka
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Transatlantic Trade ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Trade Partner ◽  
Structure Of Trade

Evaluation of the importance of the USA as the trade partner of Poland is the main objective of the paper, based on the changes in the value of trade during the years 2000-2012 and changes in the structure of trade during the years 2008-2012. The data from the Statistical Yearbooks of Foreign Trade published by the Central Statistical Office was used. The potential for foreign trade growth was illustrated using the simplified analysis based on the gravity model of foreign trade concept. Gradually increasing value of Polish trade with the USA (the average growth rate 9.8%, EU-15 countries 13.1%). Polish exports are characterised by a higher than imports growth rate (USA - exports growth by 12.5%, imports 9.2%, EU-15 - exports 15.1%, imports 11.6%). Trade is strongly dominated by position of one group of products (over 30% share in both exports and imports). The potential of trade is poorly exploited currently. Trade was focused mainly on the countries situated in the close neighbourhood (mainly the EU countries with the domination of Germany).

Crystal-growth kinetics of protein single crystals along capillary tubes in the gel-acupuncture technique

1999 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 577-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Moreno ◽  
Manuel Soriano-García
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Crystal Growth Rate ◽  
Equilibrium Studies ◽  
Acta Cryst ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Growing Cell ◽  
Kinetics Of

In attempts to obtain protein crystals of a sufficient size for structural studies, lack of knowledge of the physicochemical properties of protein solutions and of their crystal-growth behaviour lead to a bottleneck for drug design as well as for X-ray crystallography. Most formal investigations on crystal-growth phenomena have been focused on equilibrium studies, where the protein is soluble, and on the kinetics of crystal growth, which is related to both nucleation and crystal-growth phenomena. The aim of this work is to measure the crystal-growth rate along a capillary tube used as a growing cell. These experiments were carried out using the gel-acupuncture technique [García-Ruiz et al. (1993). Mater. Res. Bull. 28, 541–546; García-Ruiz & Moreno (1994). Acta Cryst. D50, 484–490; García-Ruiz & Moreno (1997). J. Cryst. Growth, 178, 393–401]. Crystal-growth investigations took place using lysozyme and thaumatin I as standard proteins. The maximum average growth rate obtained in the lower part of the capillary tube was about 35 Å s−1 and the minimum average growing rate in the upper part of the capillary tube was about 8 Å s−1. The crystal-growth rate as a function of the supersaturation was experimentally estimated at a constant height along the capillary tube.

Heterotopic transplantation of presumptive placodal ectoderm changes the fate of sensory neuron precursors

Development ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.S. Vogel ◽  
A.M. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Chicken Embryo ◽  
Neurite Growth ◽  
Heterotopic Transplantation ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Avian Embryos ◽  
Nodose Ganglia ◽  
Innervation Patterns

The placode-derived cranial sensory neurons of the vestibular and nodose ganglia in avian embryos exhibit differences in neurite growth rate and the duration of neurotrophin-independent survival in vitro that arise prior to gangliogenesis and target contact (Davies, A. M. (1989) Nature 337, 553–555; Vogel, K. S. and Davies, A. M. (1991) Neuron 7, 819–830). To ascertain the state of commitment of presumptive placodal ectoderm to differentiate into neurons of the vestibular or nodose type, we performed heterotopic transplantation of labelled presumptive placodal ectoderm at E1.5 in the chicken embryo. We then assayed transplant-derived neurons for hindbrain innervation patterns, neurite growth and survival at E3.5. We show that presumptive placodal ectoderm is not determined to give rise to neurons of the vestibular or nodose phenotype at E1.5. Explantation of presumptive placodal ectoderm at E1.5 showed that this ectoderm is also not specified to differentiate into neurons at this stage. In addition, we demonstrate that non-neurogenic ectoderm from the trunk can give rise to nodose-type neurons when transplanted heterotopically to the nodose region.

scholarly journals Seasonal changes in Fe species and soluble Fe concentration in the atmosphere in the Northwest Pacific region based on the analysis of aerosols collected in Tsukuba, Japan

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 7695-7710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Takahashi ◽  
T. Furukawa ◽  
Y. Kanai ◽  
M. Uematsu ◽  
G. Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Fossil Fuel Combustion ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fe Species

Abstract. Atmospheric iron (Fe) can be a significant source of nutrition for phytoplankton inhabiting remote oceans, which in turn has a large influence on the Earth's climate. The bioavailability of Fe in aerosols depends mainly on the fraction of soluble Fe (= [FeSol]/[FeTotal], where [FeSol] and [FeTotal] are the atmospheric concentrations of soluble and total Fe, respectively). However, the numerous factors affecting the soluble Fe fraction have not been fully understood. In this study, the Fe species, chemical composition, and soluble Fe concentrations in aerosols collected in Tsukuba, Japan were investigated over a year (nine samples from December 2002 to October 2003) to identify the factors affecting the amount of soluble Fe supplied into the ocean. The soluble Fe concentration in aerosols is correlated with those of sulfate and oxalate originated from anthropogenic sources, suggesting that soluble Fe is mainly derived from anthropogenic sources. Moreover, the soluble Fe concentration is also correlated with the enrichment factors of vanadium and nickel emitted by fossil fuel combustion. These results suggest that the degree of Fe dissolution is influenced by the magnitude of anthropogenic activity, such as fossil fuel combustion. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy was performed in order to identify the Fe species in aerosols. Fitting of XAFS spectra coupled with micro X-ray fluorescence analysis (μ-XRF) showed the main Fe species in aerosols in Tsukuba to be illite, ferrihydrite, hornblende, and Fe(III) sulfate. Moreover, the soluble Fe fraction in each sample measured by leaching experiments is closely correlated with the Fe(III) sulfate fraction determined by the XAFS spectrum fitting, suggesting that Fe(III) sulfate is the main soluble Fe in the ocean. Another possible factor that can control the amount of soluble Fe supplied into the ocean is the total Fe(III) concentration in the atmosphere, which was high in spring due to the high mineral dust concentrations during spring in East Asia. However, this factor does not contribute to the amount of soluble Fe to a larger degree than the effect of Fe speciation, or more strictly speaking the presence of Fe(III) sulfate. Therefore, based on these results, the most significant factor influencing the amount of soluble Fe in the North Pacific region is the concentration of anthropogenic Fe species such as Fe(III) sulfate that can be emitted from megacities in Eastern Asia.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus fructivorans Spoilage of Tomato Ketchup

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. JOHANNA BJORKROTH ◽  
HANNU J. KORKEALA
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Gas Formation ◽  
Tomato Ketchup ◽  
Dna Fragment ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Spoilage characterized by bulging as a result of gas formation in bottled ketchup was studied, Samples produced microbial growth on MRS and Rogosa selective Lactobacillus agar. Seventy randomly selected isolates typed by using restriction endonuclease (ClaI, EcoRI, HindIII) analysis were found to have identical DNA fragment patterns in gel electrophoresis. The strain was identified as Lactobacillus fructivorans using morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, combined with the information obtained from ribotyping. Factors affecting growth and survival of this L. fructivorans strain in ketchup production were also studied. An L. fructivorans count of 105 CFU/g resulted in spoilage of inoculated ketchup samples. Spoilage occurred only in samples incubated at 15 to 30°C. The L. fructivorans implicated in causing spoilage demonstrated heat resistance with a D value of 1.2 min at 65°C. The strain did not show resistance to alkaline active chloride-containing detergent sanitizer; alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride and alkyldimethylethylbenzylammonium chloride-containing sanitizer were also found to be effective antimicrobial agents.

Gestation length, birth weight and growth rates of pure-bred indigenous goats and their crosses in Kenya

1988 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ruvuna ◽  
T. C. Cartwright ◽  
H. Blackburn ◽  
M. Okeyo ◽  
S. Chema
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
East African ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cross Breeding ◽  
Indigenous Goats

SummaryData on gestation period of 701 indigenous East African and Galla does and pre- and postweaning growth of 810 pure-bred and cross-bred kids were analysed by least squares statistical analysis. Breeds of kids were East African, Galla, Toggenburg × East African, Toggenburg × Galla, Anglo-Nubian × East African and Anglo-Nubian × Galla. Average gestation length was 149 days and was significantly (P < 0·05) affected by type of birth of the kid, year–month of kidding, and age of dam. Does carrying twins had shorter gestation length than does carrying singles. Sex and breed of kid did not have significant effect on gestation length.Significant (P < 0·05) factors affecting birth weight, weight at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 210 and 270 days of age, and preweaning growth rate were breed and sex of kid, type of birth, year–month and age of dam. Male kids grew faster and were heavier than females. Kids born single were heavier and grew faster than twin-born kids. Kids from dams less than 3 years old weighed less than kids from older dams. Cross-bred kids had higher preweaning growth rates than indigenous pure-bred kids. The Anglo-Nubian × Galla cross was heaviest while the East African ranked lowest. The results point to importance of cross-breeding with temperate breeds to increase growth rates of indigenous goats. Comparison of Toggenburg and Anglo-Nubian sires for cross-breeding showed both buck breeds produced kids with roughly equal growth rates. Evaluation of indigenous Galla and East African dams for cross-breeding showed Galla dams produced heavier kids than East African but preweaning growth rates were not significantly different.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document