scholarly journals Did Climate Change Influence the Emergence, Transmission, and Expression of the COVID-19 Pandemic?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saloni Gupta ◽  
Barry T. Rouse ◽  
Pranita P. Sarangi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Major Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Made In

The human race has survived many epidemics and pandemics that have emerged and reemerged throughout history. The novel coronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 is the latest pandemic and this has caused major health and socioeconomic problems in almost all communities of the world. The origin of the virus is still in dispute but most likely, the virus emerged from the bats and also may involve an intermediate host before affecting humans. Several other factors also may have affected the emergence and outcome of the infection but in this review, we make a case for a possible role of climate change. The rise in industrialization-related human activities has created a marked imbalance in the homeostasis of environmental factors such as temperature and other weather and these might even have imposed conditions for the emergence of future coronavirus cycles. An attempt is made in this review to explore the effect of ongoing climate changes and discuss if these changes had a role in facilitating the emergence, transmission, and even the expression of the COVID-19 pandemic. We surmise that pandemics will be more frequent in the future and more severely impactful unless climate changes are mitigated.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Stock Markets

2022 ◽  
pp. 250-262
Author(s):  
Aslı Aybars ◽  
Mehtap Öner
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Stock Returns ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

The novel coronavirus, COVID-19, which emerged at the end of 2019 and spread to the world at a very fast pace, resulted in a pandemic affecting the finance industry besides many other industries though at varying extents. Financial markets, which can be regarded as cornerstones of each and every country's economic success, have been adversely influenced due to the fear and uncertainty arising with the emergence of the novel coronavirus at different degrees. This chapter provides a summary of a literature review based on the impact of this pandemic on stock returns and volatility in the stock exchanges of different countries and regions of the world. What has been captured as a result of this literature review is that almost all of the financial markets around the world have been influenced due to the virus. Further, industry-wise empirical studies demonstrate that not all industries are affected at the same level or even in the same direction.

scholarly journals Role of Flavonoids against COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Ambreen Fatima ◽  
Yasir H. Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Old Drugs

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has entered a threatening stage all over the world. Many lives have been lost, and many more are in need of treatment. The mild symptoms may include fever and dry cough, but in severe cases, it could lead to pneumonia and ultimately death in some instances. Though medical scientists all over the globe are working hard to develop a treatment for this disease, yet no definite cure has been found. To date, the treatment strategy is based on adopting strategies to break the transmission of the virus and repurposing of the old drugs to prevent the loss of life. Among the various potent candidates, flavonoids may play a protective role in these times. Studies have already proven various health-promoting properties of flavonoids in earlier viral diseases, like SARS and MERS. Since ancient times, been plants have used to treat a number of human diseases. Different phytoproducts have been previously described to inhibit the replication of numerous viruses. Despite the positive reports for plant-based medications, no successful clinical trials on phytoproducts as anti-COVID agents have been conducted to date. This review highlights the efficacy of flavonoids as a treatment strategy either alone or in combination with other drugs.

scholarly journals Nonlinear Markov Chain Modelling of the Novel Coronavirus (Covid-19) Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muammer Catak ◽  
Necati Duran
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Markov Chains ◽  
Markov Chain Model ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Markov Chain Modelling

Almost all countries around the world are struggling against the novel coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic. In this paper, a nonlinear Markov chains model is proposed in order to analyse and to understand the behaviour of the Covid-19 pandemic. The data from China was used to build up the presented model. Thereafter, the nonlinear Markov chain model is employed to estimate the daily new Covid-19 cases in some countries including Italy, Spain, France, UK, the USA, Germany, Turkey, and Kuwait. In addition, the correlation between the daily new Covid-19 cases and the daily number of deaths is examined.

scholarly journals Carnival Anthropocene: Myth and Cultural Memory in Monique Roffey's Archipelago // Antropoceno Carnaval: El mito y memoria cultural en Archipelago de Monique Roffey

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-55
Author(s):  
C. Parker Krieg
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Memory Studies ◽  
Natural World ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

      This essay examines the role of myth in and as cultural memory through a reading of the novel, Archipelago (2013), by the Trinidadian-British author Monique Roffey. Against conceptions of the Anthropocene as a break from the past—a break that repeats the myth of modernity—I argue that Roffey’s use of cultural memory offers a carnivalesque relation to the world in response to the narrative’s account of climate change trauma. Drawing on Bakhtin’s classic study of the carnival as an occasion for contestation and renewal, as well as Cheryl Lousely’s call for a “carnivalesque ecocriticism,” this essay expands on the recent ecocritical turn to the field of Memory Studies (Buell; Goodbody; Kennedy) to illustrate the way literature mediates between mythic and historical relations to the natural world. As literary expressions, the carnivalesque and the grotesque evoke myth and play in order to expose and transform the social myths which govern relations and administrate difference. Since literature acts as both a producer and reflector of cultural memory, this essay seeks to highlight the literary potential of myth for connecting past traumas to affirmational modes of political engagement. Resumen     Este ensayo examina el papel del mito en y como memoria cultural analizando la novela Archipelago (2013), escrita por la autora trinitense-británica Monique Roffey. Frente a la idea del Antropoceno como una ruptura con el pasado—una ruptura que repite el mito de la modernidad—este trabajo argumenta que el uso de la memoria cultural de Roffey ofrece una relación carnavalesca con el mundo en respuesta al trauma del cambio climático detallado en la novela. Basando mi argumento en la teoría clásica de Bakhtin sobre el carnaval como una ocasión para la contestación y la renovación, así como la llamada de Cheryl Lousely por una “ecocrítica carnavalesca,” este ensayo amplía el reciente giro de la ecocrítica hacia el campo de los estudios de memoria (Buell; Goodbody; Kennedy) para ilustrar cómo la literatura media entre las relaciones míticas e históricas con el mundo natural. Como expresiones literarias, lo carnavalesco y lo grotesco evocan el mito y el juego para revelar y transformar los mitos sociales que gobiernan las relaciones y gestionan la diferencia. Ya que la literatura actúa tanto como productora y como espejo de la memoria cultural, este ensayo busca destacar el potencial literario del mito para conectar traumas del pasado con modos de compromiso político más afirmativos.

scholarly journals Flow in the Time of COVID-19: Findings from China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Sweeny ◽  
Kyla Rankin ◽  
Xiaorong Cheng ◽  
Lulu Hou ◽  
Fangfang Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Coping Resources ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

In February 2020, the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) was raging in Wuhan, China and quickly spreading to the rest of the world. This period was fraught with uncertainty for those in the affected areas. The present investigation examined the role of two potential coping resources during this stressful period of uncertainty: flow and mindfulness. Participants in Wuhan and other major cities affected by COVID-19 (N = 5115) completed an online survey assessing experiences of flow, mindfulness, and well-being. Longer quarantine was associated with poorer well-being; flow and mindfulness predicted better well-being on some measures. However, flow—but not mindfulness—moderated the link between quarantine length and well-being, such that people who experienced high levels flow showed little or no association between quarantine length and poorer well-being. These findings suggest that engaging in flow-inducing activities may be a particularly effective way to protect against the deleterious effects of a period of quarantine.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on Financial Reporting in the Light of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) (An Empirical Study)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. p21
Author(s):  
Hasan El-Mousawi ◽  
Hasan Kanso
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Certified Public Accountants ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Accountants ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

The outbreak of a novel type of Coronavirus (COVID-19) in the majority of countries around the world has had many negative implications on almost all aspects of life. Currently, about a quarter of the population of Earth is quarantined at their homes, social distancing is effective everywhere, almost all industries have ceased their activities, and various businesses are either closed down or working from home. Procedures taken by governments or local authorities to improve their ability to contain the outbreak have impacted the global economy, which in turn will have many consequences on financial reporting of organizations. This study examines the impact of the novel Coronavirus outbreak on financial reporting of organizations from the viewpoint of Certified Public Accountants in Lebanon. The researchers have used a descriptive-analytical approach and have constructed a well-structured five-point Likert style questionnaire as the study tool. The questionnaire was distributed to a sample chosen from the population of certified public accountants in Lebanon. The random sample consisted of 300 practitioners of the profession, and 221 of them responded; all of which were valid for testing and analysis. The study reached some important findings mainly that the COVID-19 outbreak has had a significant impact on the financial reporting of businesses according to the opinions of Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) in Lebanon, and the researchers had some recommendations as a result.

Impact of Corona virus Outbreak on Climate and air Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Jatai ◽  
Tanu Sharma ◽  
Karan Veer
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Symptomatic Case ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

All over the world, there is a new target of public health emergency looming the world along with an appearance and distribution of the novel coronavirus disease (2019-nCoV) also known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This Virus initially generated in bats and then after transferred to a human being over unknown animal playing the role of mediator in Wuhan, China in December 2019. This virus is passed by breathing or in contact with an infected person’s droplets. The Incubation period is between 2 to 14 days for COVID-19, that is the time between exposure of the virus (person becoming infected) and symptom on that person, is on an average of 5-6 days, however it can goes up to 14 days. Throughout this period, which can be also known as “pre-symptomatic” period, some of the infected patients or persons can be contagious. That is why, transferal from a pre-symptomatic case can happen before the symptoms onset. Where there is few number of case studies and reports, pre-symptomatic transferal has been documented via contact with someone who is diagnosed with virus and increase investigation of that particular clusters of total confirmed cases. The main problem is that the symptoms are just like the regular flu that are cough, fever, sore throat, fatigue and breathlessness. This virus is moderate or mild in most of the people, but in elder ones, it may proceed to pneumonia, multi-organ dysfunction and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Coronavirus has significant consequences on the Health system, mainly on cardiovascular diseases and on the environment.

scholarly journals Bayesian Reasoning and Artificial Intelligence against COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gr. Voskoglou ◽  
Abdel-Badeeh M. Salem
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Case Based Reasoning ◽  
Bayesian Reasoning ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The article focuses on the potential role of Probability Theory and Artificial Intelligence in the battle against the pandemic of COVID-19, which, starting from China on December 2019, has created a chaos in the world economy and the lives of people, causing hundreds of thousands of deaths until now. After discussing the importance of the reproduction number Ro of the viruses, the Bayesian Probabilities are used for measuring the creditability of the diagnostic tests for the novel coronavirus. Artificial Intelligence designs are also described which are used as tools against COVID-19 and a Case-Based Reasoning expert system is proposed for the COVID-19 diagnosis.

scholarly journals Roles of meteorological conditions in COVID-19 transmission on a worldwide scale

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biqing Chen ◽  
Hao Liang ◽  
Xiaomin Yuan ◽  
Yingying Hu ◽  
Miao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Meteorological Model ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractThe novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCoV) identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 has caused great damage to public health and economy worldwide with over 140,000 infected cases up to date. Previous research has suggested an involvement of meteorological conditions in the spread of droplet-mediated viral diseases, such as influenza. However, as for the recent novel coronavirus, few studies have discussed systematically about the role of daily weather in the epidemic transmission of the virus. Here, we examine the relationships of meteorological variables with the severity of the outbreak on a worldwide scale. The confirmed case counts, which indicates the severity of COVID-19 spread, and four meteorological variables, i.e., air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and visibility, were collected daily between January 20 and March 11 (52 days) for 430 cities and districts all over China, 21 cities/provinces in Italy, 21 cities/provinces in Japan, and 51 other countries around the world. Four different time delays of weather (on the day, 3 days ago, 7 days ago, and 14 days ago) as to the epidemic situation were taken for modeling and we finally chose the weather two weeks ago to model against the daily epidemic situation as its correlated with the outbreak best. Taken Chinese cities as a discovery dataset, it was suggested that temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity combined together could best predict the epidemic situation. The meteorological model could well predict the outbreak around the world with a high correlation (r2>0.6) with the real data. Using this model, we further predicted the possible epidemic situation in the future 12 days in several high-latitude cities with potential outbreak. This model could provide more information for government’s future decisions on COVID-19 outbreak control.

scholarly journals Current strategies in diagnostics and therapeutics against novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-197
Author(s):  
FAISAL ALOTAIBI
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Antiviral Therapies ◽  
The World ◽  
Supportive Interventions ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Made In

Abstract The epidemic of COVID-19 spread quickly through China and engulfed all of the countries across the globe. Several advances have been made in understanding the novel coronavirus’s pathophysiology and in the development of newer diagnostics with pinpoint accuracy. Several newer therapeutic methods have either been accepted or are awaiting acceptance. In many countries, vaccination programs have been rolled out. Despite all these efforts, coronavirus still exists, though with lesser propensity. Multiple new forms of the novel coronavirus unexpectedly appeared in various areas of the world, undermining previously existing diagnosis and care protocols. This article highlights our understanding of the novel coronavirus’s symptoms in brief, pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapeutic strategies to contain COVID-19. The clinical findings, including serological, radiological, and other advanced diagnostic strategies, contributed much to control the disease. To date, supportive interventions have been used in tandem with potent antiviral therapies such as remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, or corticosteroids with a level of trust in the care of COVID-19 patients. However, in several areas of the world, vaccination initiatives took place; the vaccines’ safety and efficacy to control the outbreak is yet to be identified. This review concludes that improvement in therapies and diagnostics for COVID-19 must continually be explored as new variants constantly emerge.

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