scholarly journals Response of Endolithic Chroococcidiopsis Strains From the Polyextreme Atacama Desert to Light Radiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Cristina Casero ◽  
Carmen Ascaso ◽  
Antonio Quesada ◽  
Hanna Mazur-Marzec ◽  
Jacek Wierzchos
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Atacama Desert ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Light Radiation ◽  
High Solar Radiation ◽  
Ultrastructural Damage ◽  
Term Response

Cyanobacteria exposed to high solar radiation make use of a series of defense mechanisms, including avoidance, antioxidant systems, and the production of photoprotective compounds such as scytonemin. Two cyanobacterial strains of the genus Chroococcidiopsis from the Atacama Desert – which has one of the highest solar radiation levels on Earth- were examined to determine their capacity to protect themselves from direct photosynthetically active (PAR) and ultraviolet radiation (UVR): the UAM813 strain, originally isolated from a cryptoendolithic microhabitat within halite (NaCl), and UAM816 strain originally isolated from a chasmoendolithic microhabitat within calcite (CaCO3). The oxidative stress induced by exposure to PAR or UVR + PAR was determined to observe their short-term response, as were the long-term scytonemin production, changes in metabolic activity and ultrastructural damage induced. Both strains showed oxidative stress to both types of light radiation. The UAM813 strain showed a lower acclimation capacity than the UAM816 strain, showing an ever-increasing accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a smaller accumulation of scytonemin. This would appear to reflect differences in the adaptation strategies followed to meet the demands of their different microhabitats.

scholarly journals Response of endolithic Chroococcidiopsis strains from the polyextreme Atacama Desert to light radiation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Cristina Casero ◽  
Carmen Ascaso ◽  
Antonio Quesada ◽  
Hanna Mazur-Marzec ◽  
Jacek Wierzchos
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Atacama Desert ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Environmental Pressure ◽  
High Solar Radiation ◽  
Term Response

AbstractThe Atacama Desert is known to be the place on Earth with one of the highest solar radiation limiting the presence of life to endolithic microhabitats and soil microbial ecosystems. Endolithic microbial communities are supported by photosynthetic primary producers, mainly cyanobacteria, which can be injured by UVR. Nevertheless, cyanobacteria exposed to high solar radiation and its harmful effects have developed a series of defense mechanisms: avoidance, antioxidant systems or production of photoprotective compounds such as scytonemin among others. Scytonemin is a liposoluble pigment whose absorption maxima are located in UVA and UVC range and highly absorbing in the UVB range. In order to elucidate the protection capacity of endolithic cyanobacteria against harmful radiation, two cyanobacterial strains from Chroococcidiopsis genus were isolated from different endolithic microhabitats in the Atacama Desert: UAM813 strain, originally from the cryptoendolithic microhabitat of halite (NaCl), and UAM816 strain from chasmoendolithic microhabitat of calcite (CaCO3). Both were exposed to PAR and UVR+PAR conditions studying their short-term response, as oxidative stress and long-term response, as scytonemin production, metabolic activity and ultrastructural damage. The observed response of both strains reveals a high sensitivity to direct light exposure, even to PAR. The differences in their acclimation suggest specific adaptation strategies related to their original microhabitat, revealing their protective potential and the strain specific environmental pressure selection to inhabit different microhabitats and exposed to different light conditions.ImportanceCyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes that inhabit most types of illuminated environments, even the endolithic microhabitats in cold and hot deserts. The environmental pressure caused by the extreme solar irradiation in the Atacama Desert involve that only those cyanobacterial strains able to cope with it can be found in these endolithic communities, usually dominated by members belonging to the extremotolerant Chroococcidiopsis genus. Here, a comprehensive analysis of multiple lines of defense against harmful sun radiation was conducted to diagnose the response of two Chroococcidiopsis strains isolated from different endolithic microhabitats and lithic substrates, and identify its relation with the original microenvironmental conditions of each strain. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the acclimation strategies developed by these cyanobacterial strains and its potential protective role for the whole endolithic microbial community.

scholarly journals Quantification and Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress in Chronic Disease

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davies
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Extracellular Proteins ◽  
Oxidation Chemistry ◽  
Redox Equilibria

There is now strong evidence that the redox environment inside cells is very different to that outside the cell, and that many extracellular environments are both more oxidizing and also subject to extensive oxidation. This difference in redox environments results in significant changes in oxidation chemistry and biology, altered redox equilibria, and antioxidant defense mechanisms. It is also increasingly apparent that oxidation events both inside and outside cells (extracellular oxidation) play a critical role in driving many diseases. Many extracellular proteins are highly abundant, long-lived and relatively poorly protected against damage. They can therefore accumulate high levels of modification during ageing and chronic disease, resulting in their use as biomarkers of long-term oxidative stress. Furthermore, increasing evidence supports the hypothesis that oxidized extracellular matrix materials play a key role in determining cell function and fate.

scholarly journals Impairment between Oxidant and Antioxidant Systems: Short- and Long-term Implications for Athletes’ Health

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Nocella ◽  
Vittoria Cammisotto ◽  
Fabio Pigozzi ◽  
Paolo Borrione ◽  
Chiara Fossati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Oxidative Balance

The role of oxidative stress, an imbalance between reactive oxygen species production (ROS) and antioxidants, has been described in several patho-physiological conditions, including cardiovascular, neurological diseases and cancer, thus impacting on individuals’ lifelong health. Diet, environmental pollution, and physical activity can play a significant role in the oxidative balance of an organism. Even if physical training has proved to be able to counteract the negative effects caused by free radicals and to provide many health benefits, it is also known that intensive physical activity induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and free radical-mediated muscle damage. Indeed, variations in type, intensity, and duration of exercise training can activate different patterns of oxidant–antioxidant balance leading to different responses in terms of molecular and cellular damage. The aim of the present review is to discuss (1) the role of oxidative status in athletes in relation to exercise training practice, (2) the implications for muscle damage, (3) the long-term effect for neurodegenerative disease manifestations, (4) the role of antioxidant supplementations in preventing oxidative damages.

scholarly journals Crosstalk between Neuron and Glial Cells in Oxidative Injury and Neuroprotection

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13315
Author(s):  
Kyung Hee Lee ◽  
Myeounghoon Cha ◽  
Bae Hwan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Oxidative Injury ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Antioxidant Mechanisms ◽  
Brain Homeostasis

To counteract oxidative stress and associated brain diseases, antioxidant systems rescue neuronal cells from oxidative stress by neutralizing reactive oxygen species and preserving gene regulation. It is necessary to understand the communication and interactions between brain cells, including neurons, astrocytes and microglia, to understand oxidative stress and antioxidant mechanisms. Here, the role of glia in the protection of neurons against oxidative injury and glia–neuron crosstalk to maintain antioxidant defense mechanisms and brain protection are reviewed. The first part of this review focuses on the role of glia in the morphological and physiological changes required for brain homeostasis under oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanisms. The second part focuses on the essential crosstalk between neurons and glia for redox balance in the brain for protection against oxidative stress.

scholarly journals The Influence of Solar Radiation on the Antioxidant Systems in Blood of Dairy Cows and the Processing of the Data Using Wavelets Transforms

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Dana Liana Pusta ◽  
Rodica Sobolu ◽  
Sanda Andrei ◽  
Camelia Raducu ◽  
Ioana Pop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Wavelet Transforms ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Hot Environment ◽  
Made In

The purpose of this paper was to observe if in cattle, exposed to the solar radiation, could be noticed a certain reaction of the organism related to the oxidative stress. The study was made in the period May - August 2014, on a group of 16 Romanian Simmental dairy cows, kept on pasture during the day. The processing of the determined data were made using wavelet transforms (In-Place Fast Haar Wavelets Transform). The results of the experiment shown that when Temperature Humidity Indexes (THI) are higher than 72 (the superior limit for thermal comfort in cattle), the oxidative stress appeared in dairy cows. This oxidative stress was mainly manifested by the increasing of superoxide dismutase with 95% in August compared to May, followed by the increasing of the catalase with 79% and of glutathione peroxidase with 13%. The increasing of the antioxidant enzymes level was directly co-related with THI. We considered that the determination of the antioxidant enzymes level was an appropriate model for studying the influence of hot environment on the oxidative status of dairy cows. The wavelets transforms can be easier applied to practical data compared to the classical statistical methods.

scholarly journals ROS-induced oxidative stress in plant cryopreservation: occurrence and alleviation

Planta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 254 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Ren ◽  
Min-Rui Wang ◽  
Qiao-Chun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Total Failure ◽  
Long Term Preservation

Abstract Main conclusion Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress results in low success or even total failure of cryopreservation. Better understanding of how the plant establishes resistance/tolerance to ROS-induced oxidative stress facilitates developments of robust cryopreservation procedures. Abstract Cryopreservation provides a safe and efficient strategy for long-term preservation of plant genetic resources. ROS-induced oxidative stress caused damage to cells and reduced the ability of the plant to survive following cryopreservation, eventually resulting in low success or even total failure. This paper provides updated and comprehensive information obtained in the past decade, including the following: (1) ROS generations and adaptive responses of antioxidant systems during cryopreservation; (2) expressions of oxidative stress-associated genes and proteins during cryopreservation; (3) ROS-triggered programmed cell death (PCD) during cryopreservation; and (4) exogenous applications of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in improving success of cryopreservation. Prospects for further studies are proposed. The goal of the present study was to facilitate better understanding of the mechanisms by which the plant establishes resistance/tolerance to oxidative stress during cryopreservation and promote further studies toward the developments of robust cryopreservation procedures and wider application of plant cryobiotechnology.

scholarly journals Biomarker of Oxidative Stress in Premature Hair Graying at Young Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (T3) ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
Dwi Rita Anggraini ◽  
Lita Feriyawati ◽  
Mega Sari Sitorus ◽  
Milahayati Daulay
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Gray Hair ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress

BACKGROUND: Gray hair is a physiological process of aging that occurs in everyone. Premature hair graying (PHG) is the term when early hair gray at an unusual age. The causes of PHG are multifactorial, genetic, nutritional, and environmental, including oxidative stress. Free radicals caused interference with cellular responses that cause direct damage to various proteins and DNA in the long term. The body’s defense mechanisms likely antioxidant enzymes, including catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was activated against free radicals. AIM: We aimed to evaluate markers of oxidative stress and associated with severe graying at young age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We recruited consecutive 40 respondents with PHG and healthy controls, male sex and aged <25 years. The severe graying was graded with total of gray hair. The serum samples were collected to detect oxidative stress markers through malondialdehyde (MDA), SOD, catalase, and GPx measurement with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Serum MDA concentration was higher but not significantly (p > 0.05), while serum SOD, catalase, and GPx level, indicators of antioxidant were significantly lower (p < 0.001, p = 0.017 and p < 0.001, respectively) in PHG compared to controls. The correlation between oxidative stress and graying severity was not significant (p > 0.05), but the association between onset and severity of graying was significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Respondents with PHG had increased of pro-oxidants and decreased of antioxidants compared than controls. The severity of graying is equivalent to the level of oxidative stress. The supplement of antioxidants is likely recommended in PHG.

scholarly journals The Influence of Solar Radiation on the Antioxidant Systems in Blood of Dairy Cows and Their Correlations with Milk Quality and Quantity

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Dana PUSTA ◽  
Rodica SOBOLU ◽  
Sanda ANDREI ◽  
Camelia RADUCU ◽  
Ioana POP ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Enzymes Activity

The purpose of this paper is to observe if in cattle, exposed to the solar radiation, could be noticed a certain reaction of the organism related to the oxidative stress and its influence on milk quantity and quality. During the hot summer days, when the values of THI exceed 72, the oxidative stress is produced in dairy cows, which is mainly manifested till the cellular level, by the increasing of the antioxidant enzymes activity. There was recorded a direct corelation between the increasing of the antioxidant enzymes level and the increasing of the THI.

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