Weaning Age Affects the Development of the Ruminal Bacterial and Archaeal Community in Hu Lambs During Early Life

Weaning plays an important role in many animal processes, including the development of the rumen microbiota in ruminants. Attaining a better understanding of the development of the rumen microbial community at different weaning stages can aid the identification of the optimal weaning age. We investigated the effects of weaning age on ruminal bacterial and archaeal communities in Hu lambs. Thirty male Hu lambs were randomly assigned to two weaning-age groups: a group weaned at 30 days of age (W30) and a group weaned at 45 days of age (W45), with each group having five replicate pens. On the weaning day (day 30 for W30 and day 45 for W45) and at 5 days postweaning [day 35 for W30 (PW30) and day 50 for W45 (PW45)], one lamb from each replicate was randomly selected and sacrificed. Rumen contents were collected to examine the ruminal microbiota. Compared to W30, PW30 had a decreased relative abundance of Bacteroidetes. At genus level, the extended milk replacer feeding (W45 vs. W30) increased the relative abundance of Ruminococcus while decreased that of Prevotella and Dialister. Compared to W30, PW30 exhibited decreased relative abundances of Prevotella, Dialister and Bacteroides but an increased unclassified Coriobacteriaceae. No significant difference was noted in the detected archaeal taxa among the animals. The function “biosynthesis of secondary metabolites” was less predominant in PW30 than in W30, whereas the opposite held true for “metabolism of cofactors and vitamins.” Some bacterial genera were significantly correlated with rumen volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration or other animal measures, including negative correlations between ruminal VFA concentration and unclassified Mogibacteriaceae and unclassified Veillonellaceae; positive correlations of ruminal papillae length with Fibrobacter and unclassified Lachnospiraceae, but negative correlations with Mitsuokella and Succiniclasticum; and negative correlations between plasma D-lactate concentration and Prevotella, unclassified Paraprevotellaceae, and Desulfovibrio. Our results revealed that the ruminal bacterial community underwent larger changes over time in lambs weaned at 30 days of age than in lambs weaned half a month later. Thus, extending milk replacer feeding to 45 days weaning was recommended from the perspective of the rumen microbial community in the Hu lamb industry.

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Variation of Bacterial and Archaeal Community Structures in a Full-Scale Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment

Archaea ◽

10.1155/2018/9319345 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiu-lu Lang ◽

Xiang Chen ◽

Ai-ling Xu ◽

Zhi-wen Song ◽

Xin Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Constructed Wetlands ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Constructed Wetland ◽

Free Surface Flow ◽

Archaeal Community ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Surface Flow ◽

Community Structures ◽

Soil And Water

Microorganisms play important roles in the reduction of organic and inorganic pollutants in constructed wetlands used for the treatment of wastewater. However, the diversity and structure of microbial community in constructed wetland system remain poorly known. In this study, the Illumina MiSeq Sequencing of 16S rDNA was used to analyze the bacterial and archaeal microbial community structures of soil and water in a free surface flow constructed wetland, and the differences of bacterial communities and archaeal compositions between soil and water were compared. The results showed that the Proteobacteria were the dominant bacteria, making up 35.38%~48.66% relative abundance. Euryarchaeotic were the absolute dominant archaea in the influent sample with the relative abundance of 93.29%, while Thaumarchaeota showed dominance in the other three samples, making up 50.58%~75.70%. The relative abundances of different species showed great changes in bacteria and archaea, and the number of dominant species in bacteria was much higher than that in archaea. Compared to archaea, the community compositions of bacteria were more abundant and the changes were more significant. Meanwhile, bacteria and archaea had large differences in compositions between water and soil. The microbial richness in water was significantly higher than that in soil. Simultaneously, soil had a significant enrichment effect on some microbial flora.

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An Investigation on Serum Mineral Levels of Healthy Norduz and Hair Goats Raised in Semi-Intensive Conditions

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v8i8.1795-1802.3520 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 1795-1802

Author(s):

Ayşe Özge Demir ◽

Ferda Karakuş ◽

Suna Akkol

Keyword(s):

Atomic Absorption ◽

Absorption Spectroscopy ◽

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽

Age Groups ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Serum Minerals ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

Mineral Levels ◽

Ppm Level

The aim of this study was to determine the some serum minerals and their interactions between in 2, 3 and 4 years-old healthy Norduz (n=45) and Hair (n=31) goats raised in semi-intensive conditions. Mineral levels were determined with Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) in ppm level. Results were calculated as Fe 1.578±0.088 and 1.379±0.095 mmol/L, Cu 1.300±0.067 and 1.303±0.080 mg/L, Zn 0.972±0.029 and 0.937±0.029 mg/L, K 4.574±0.091 and 2.102±0.074 mmol/L, Mg 2.089±0.057 and 4.670±0.098 mmol/L, Mn 2.163±0.152 and 2.215±0.198 mg/L, Pb 0.078±0.005 and 0.087±0.006 mg/L for Norduz and Hair goats, respectively. While the differences in the mineral levels of hair goats were not significant, significant differences has been found between the age groups in terms of K, F and Pb in Norduz goats. In addition, while there was no statistically significant difference between 3-year-old goats, statistically significant differences hs been found for Fe and 2-year-old goats K and Mg in 4-year-old goats. Moreover, with respect to correlation coefficients, positive correlations were obtained both between K-Mg at Norduz goats and between Fe-Cu, Fe-K, Fe-Mg, K-Mg at Hair goats in all years-old groups.

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Profile of microbial community of organic and conventional rice field using metagenomic analysis

Biogenesis Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi ◽

10.24252/bio.v9i1.14228 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Arum Asri Trisnastuti ◽

Edi Purwanto ◽

Ari Susilowati

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Rice Field ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Rice Fields ◽

Community Diversity ◽

Total N ◽

Organic C ◽

Organic Rice ◽

Significant Difference

Organic farming can increase the diversity of soil bacterial. This research aimed to compare the profile of microbial community of organic and conventional rice fields in early (0 Day After Planting/DAP), mid (15 DAP), and late (45 DAP) fertilizer application period. The total DNA genome from the soil sample was extracted then analyzed metagenomically using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). There was nine genus of bacteria found in high relative abundance, 95.28%, while 4.72% included in Domain of Archaea (genus Methanosaeta). Phylum of Firmicutes (genus Clostridium has 24.50% relative abundance, Bacillus 11.90%, Lactobacillus 9.69%); Proteobacteria (genus Defluviicoccus 12.10%, Buchnera 18.46%, Rosenbergiella 2.46%); and Actinobacteria (genus Nocardioides 12.21%, and Streptomyces 3.96%). Meanwhile, the average plant height of organic rice fields was shorter than conventional rice fields got directly measured coincided with soil sampled. Based on alpha and beta diversity analysis, the highest community diversity and abundance were found in organic rice field soil samples taken at 45 DAP, i.e., at the end of the fertilizer application period. However, in both organic and conventional rice field soils, there was almost no significant difference in the bacterial community, so it impacts that organic and conventional systems do not make a real difference in the total N, P available, CEC, and pH values. It makes a significant difference in organic C and organic matters.

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Performance of Brazilian children on phonemic and semantic verbal fluency tasks

Dementia & Neuropsychologia ◽

10.1590/s1980-57642011dn05020004 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 78-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Helenice Charchat-Fichman ◽

Rosinda Martins Oliveira ◽

Andreza Morais da Silva

Keyword(s):

Verbal Fluency ◽

Age Groups ◽

International Studies ◽

Semantic Fluency ◽

Phonemic Fluency ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

Effect Of Age ◽

Fluency Task ◽

Brazilian Children

Abstract The most used verbal fluency paradigms are semantic and letter fluency tasks. Studies suggest that these paradigms access semantic memory and executive function and are sensitive to frontal lobe disturbances. There are few studies in Brazilian samples on these paradigms. Objective: The present study investigated performance, and the effects of age, on verbal fluency tasks in Brazilian children. The results were compared with those of other studies, and the consistency of the scoring criteria data is presented. Methods: A sample of 119 children (7 to 10 years old) was submitted to the three phonemic fluency (F, A, M) tasks and three semantic fluency (animals, clothes, fruits) tasks. The results of thirty subjects were scored by two independent examiners. Results: A significant positive correlation was found between the scores calculated by the two independent examiners. Significant positive correlations were found between performance on the semantic fluency task and the phonemic fluency task. The effect of age was significant for both tasks, and a significant difference was found between the 7- and 9-year-old subjects and between the 7- and 10-year-old subjects. The 8-year-old group did not differ to any of the other age groups. Conclusion: The pattern of results was similar to that observed in previous Brazilian and international studies.

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Comprehensive Longitudinal Analysis of the Five Sisters Hot Springs in Yellowstone National Park Reveals a Dynamic Thermoalkaline Environment

10.21203/rs.3.rs-603209/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jesse T Peach ◽

Rebecca C Mueller ◽

Dana J Skorupa ◽

Margaux M Mesle ◽

Sutton Kanta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Small Molecule ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Hot Springs ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Dynamic Environment ◽

Archaeal Community ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Bacterial Populations ◽

Abundance And Diversity

Abstract Research focused on microbial populations of thermoalkaline springs has been driven in a large part by the lure of discovering functional enzymes with industrial applications in high-pH and high temperature environments. However, the fundamental ecology of these springs has largely been overlooked. To better understand the functional outcomes of interactions between the geochemistry and the microbial community of thermoalkaline springs, we conducted a three-year study of the Five Sisters (FS) springs that included high-resolution geochemical measurements, 16S rRNA sequencing of the bacterial and archaeal community, and mass spectrometry based extracellular and intracellular small molecule characterization. By combining all four datasets, we completed a comprehensive analysis of the intricate thermoalkaline spring system. Over the course of the study, the microbial population responded to changing environmental conditions, with archaeal populations decreasing in both relative abundance and diversity when compared to bacterial populations. Decreases in the relative abundance of Archaea were associated with environmental changes that included decreased availability of specific nitrogen and sulfur containing extracellular small molecules. The multi-factorial analysis suggests a complex and dynamic environment with an elastic microbial community that responded to geochemical and extracellular small molecule transitions.

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Impacts of Mootral on Methane Production, Rumen Fermentation, and Microbial Community in an in vitro Study

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2020.623817 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Eslam Ahmed ◽

Rintaro Yano ◽

Miho Fujimori ◽

Deepashree Kand ◽

Masaaki Hanada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Methane Production ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Archaeal Community ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Dose Dependent

Methane mitigation strategies have a two-sided benefit for both environment and efficient livestock production. This preliminary short-term in vitro trial using Mootral (garlic and citrus extracts), a novel natural feed supplement, was conducted to evaluate its efficacy on rumen fermentation characteristics, methane production, and the bacterial and archaeal community. The experiment was performed as a batch culture using rumen fluid collected from sheep, and Mootral was supplemented in three concentrations: 0% (Control), 10%, and 20% of the substrate (50% Grass:50% Concentrate). The rumen fermentation data and alpha diversity of microbial community were analyzed by ordinary one-way analysis of variance. The relative abundance and statistical significance of families and operational taxonomic units (OTUs) among the groups were compared by Kruskal–Wallis H test using Calypso software. After 24-h incubation at 39°C, Mootral in a dose-dependent manner improved the production of total volatile fatty acids and propionate while it reduced the acetate proportion and acetate/propionate ratio. The total produced gas was two times higher in the Mootral-supplemented groups than control (P < 0.01), while the proportion of methane in the produced gas was reduced by 22% (P < 0.05) and 54% (P < 0.01) for 10 and 20% Mootral, respectively. Mootral did not change pH, digestibility, and ammonia-nitrogen. Microbial community analyses showed that Mootral effectively changed the ruminal microbiome. The bacterial community showed an increase of the relative abundance of the propionate-producing family such as Prevotellaceae (P = 0.014) and Veillonellaceae (P = 0.030), while there was a decrease in the relative abundance of some hydrogen-producing bacteria by Mootral supplementation. In the archaeal community, Methanobacteriaceae was decreased by Mootral supplementation compared with control (P = 0.032), while the Methanomassiliicoccaceae family increased in a dose-dependent effect (P = 0.038). The results of the study showed the efficacy of the new mixture to alter the ruminal microbial community, produce more propionate, and reduce microbial groups associated with methane production, thus suggesting that Mootral is a promising natural mixture for methane reduction from ruminants.

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Variation in the microbial community contributes to the improvement of the main active compounds of Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils in the process of sweating

Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1186/s13020-019-0267-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Qinahua Wu ◽

Dan Wei ◽

Linlin Dong ◽

Yuping Liu ◽

Chaoxiang Ren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Early Stage ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Active Compounds ◽

Beneficial Microbes ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Magnolia Officinalis ◽

Active Substances

Abstract Background Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils, commonly called Houpo, has been used for thousands of years in China as a traditional herbal medicine. The primary processing of Houpo requires sweating treatment, which is a special drying process and is considered to be an essential embodiment of high quality and genuine medicinal materials. The sweating of Houpo leads to peculiar changes in the microbial community structure and the content of main active substances (magnolol, honokiol, syringin and magnoflorine). Variation in the microbial community was considered the cause of the change in content of active substances of Houpo, although the microbial taxa responsible for the improvement of content remain unidentified. Methods In this study, we used MiSeq high-throughput sequencing methods for partial bacterial 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA gene sequences to compare the bacterial and fungal community structures at different timepoints in the process of sweating. The content of the main active substances (magnolol, honokiol, syringin and magnoflorine) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis to evaluate the effects of sweating. UPLC-Q-Extractive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-QE Orbitrap MS) was used to detection of differential metabolites of unsweated Houpo before and after co-culture with core bacterial solutions. Results In this study, the total contents of magnolol (MG) and honokiol (HK) were significantly increased at 4 dp (dp for day PM sample), up to 3.75%, and the contents of syringin (SG) and magnoflorine (MF) were as high as 0.12% and 0.06%, respectively. Bacterial abundance and diversity were higher in the early stage (0 day–2 da; da for day AM sample) than in the later stage (4–5 dp), while fungal abundance was more obvious in the later stage than in the early stage. Positive correlation coefficients revealed that the relative abundance of Enterobacter (P < 0.05), Klebsiella (P < 0.05), Weissella (P < 0.05), Bacillus (P < 0.05) and Candida (P < 0.05) would be conducive to improving the quality of Houpo. Negative correlation coefficients revealed that the relative abundance of Actinomycetospora, Singulisphaera, Mucilaginibacter, Deinococcus, Gemmatirosa, Methylobacterium, Sphingomonas, Hymenobacter, Halomonas and Capnobotryella could be a potential antagonist for the decrease in the quality of Houpo. After co-culture of single core strain and unsweated Houpo, there was no significant difference in the four main active components, but there were other metabolites with significant difference. Conclusions Our findings reveal that sweating increased the content of the main active compounds, promoted the relative abundance of potentially beneficial microbes, decreased the abundance of potentially harmful microbes, the core functional genera group together, forming a core microbiome, these genera are dominant across the different stages of the sweating process and contribute to the quality development of the characteristics of Houpo. Meanwhile, this study presented a clear scope for potential beneficial microbes that improve the quality of Houpo.

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Profiling of subgingival plaque biofilm microbiota in female adult patients with clear aligners: a three-month prospective study

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.4207 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. e4207 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Runzhi Guo ◽

Yunfei Zheng ◽

Hao Liu ◽

Xiaobei Li ◽

Lingfei Jia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Subgingival Plaque ◽

Unifrac Distance ◽

Gingival Bleeding ◽

Significant Difference ◽

T1 And T2 ◽

Clear Aligner

Background Clear aligners are well known for facilitating oral hygiene maintenance and decreasing susceptibility to periodontal diseases as compared to conventional fixed appliances. However, few research studies focus on the subgingival microbial community during clear aligner treatment (CAT). Hence, this study investigates changes of the subgingival microbial community and its association with clinical characteristics during the first three months of CAT. Methods Ten female patients with clear aligners were enrolled in this study. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained at three time points: before orthodontic treatment (T0), one month after orthodontic treatment (T1) and three months after orthodontic treatment (T2). DNA was then extracted from plaque samples and analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Periodontal examinations, including plaque index (PI) and gingival bleeding index (GBI) measurements were also recorded. Results The plaque indices (PIs) and gingival bleeding indices (GBIs) were slightly increased at T1 and T2, but no statistically significant difference was found. The alpha diversity indices, including the ACE, Chao1, Shannon indices, all showed a declining trend without significance, and a rising trend in the Simpson diversity index was observed. The weighted UniFrac distance was significantly higher at T1 and T2 compared with T0. Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) demonstrated that the communities at T0 tended to cluster apart from the communities at T1 and T2. The relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes and genus Mycoplasma was significantly increased at T0 compared with T2. There was no significant difference in the relative abundance of periodontal pathogens at the genus and species levels or core microorganisms at the genus level. Conclusion A slightly decreasing microbial diversity with a significant change of microbial structure was found during the first three-month clear aligner treatment (CAT). However, subjects receiving clear aligner treatment were free from periodontal diseases with relatively stable levels of periodontal microorganisms and core microorganisms. Thus, our preliminary findings indicated that clear aligners induced nonpathogenic changes of the subgingival microbiome in the first three-month treatment.

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Disturbance triggers non-linear microbe–environment feedbacks

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-18-4773-2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (16) ◽

pp. 4773-4789

Author(s):

Aditi Sengupta ◽

Sarah J. Fansler ◽

Rosalie K. Chu ◽

Robert E. Danczak ◽

Vanessa A. Garayburu-Caruso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Thermodynamic Properties ◽

Conceptual Framework ◽

Hyporheic Zone ◽

Archaeal Community ◽

Community Property ◽

Bacterial And Archaeal Communities ◽

History Of ◽

Environmental Component

Abstract. Conceptual frameworks linking microbial community membership, properties, and processes with the environment and emergent function have been proposed but remain untested. Here we refine and test a recent conceptual framework using hyporheic zone sediments exposed to wetting–drying transitions. Our refined framework includes relationships between cumulative properties of a microbial community (e.g., microbial membership, community assembly properties, and biogeochemical rates), environmental features (e.g., organic matter thermodynamics), and emergent ecosystem function. Our primary aim was to evaluate the hypothesized relationships that comprise the conceptual framework and contrast outcomes from the whole and putatively active bacterial and archaeal communities. Throughout the system we found threshold-like responses to the duration of desiccation. Membership of the putatively active community – but not the whole bacterial and archaeal community – responded due to enhanced deterministic selection (an emergent community property). Concurrently, the thermodynamic properties of organic matter (OM) became less favorable for oxidation (an environmental component), and respiration decreased (a microbial process). While these responses were step functions of desiccation, we found that in deterministically assembled active communities, respiration was lower and thermodynamic properties of OM were less favorable. Placing the results in context of our conceptual framework points to previously unrecognized internal feedbacks that are initiated by disturbance and mediated by thermodynamics and that cause the impacts of disturbance to be dependent on the history of disturbance.

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Liver Elastography in Healthy Children Using Three Different Systems – How Many Measurements Are Necessary?

Ultraschall in der Medizin - European Journal of Ultrasound ◽

10.1055/a-1283-5906 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anders Batman Mjelle ◽

Anesa Mulabecirovic ◽

Roald Flesland Havre ◽

Edda Jonina Olafsdottir ◽

Odd Helge Gilja ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shear Wave ◽

Transient Elastography ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Age Groups ◽

Liver Stiffness ◽

Shear Wave Elastography ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pediatric Liver Disease ◽

Liver Elastography

Abstract Purpose Liver elastography is increasingly being applied in screening for and follow-up of pediatric liver disease, and has been shown to correlate well with fibrosis staging through liver biopsy. Because time is of the essence when examining children, we wanted to evaluate if a reliable result can be achieved with fewer acquisitions. Materials and Methods 243 healthy children aged 4–17 years were examined after three hours of fasting. Participants were divided into four age groups: 4–7 years; 8–11 years; 12–14 years and 15–17 years. Both two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE; GE Logiq E9) and point shear wave elastography (pSWE; Samsung RS80A with Prestige) were performed in all participants, while transient elastography (TE, Fibroscan) was performed in a subset of 87 children aged 8–17 years. Median liver stiffness measurement (LSM) values of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 acquisitions were compared with the median value of 10 acquisitions (reference standard). Comparison was performed for all participants together as well as within every specific age group. We investigated both the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with absolute agreement and all outliers more than 10 %, 20 % or ≥ 0.5 or 1.0 kPa from the median of 10 acquisitions. Results For all three systems there was no significant difference between three and ten acquisitions, with ICCs ≥ 0.97. All systems needed 4 acquisitions to achieve no LSM deviating ≥ 1.0 kPa of a median of ten. To achieve no LSM deviating ≥ 20 % of a median of ten acquisitions, pSWE and TE needed 4 acquisitions, while 2D-SWE required 6 acquisitions. Conclusion Our results contradict recommendations of 10 acquisitions for pSWE and TE and only 3 for 2D-SWE.

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