Profiling of subgingival plaque biofilm microbiota in female adult patients with clear aligners: a three-month prospective study

Background Clear aligners are well known for facilitating oral hygiene maintenance and decreasing susceptibility to periodontal diseases as compared to conventional fixed appliances. However, few research studies focus on the subgingival microbial community during clear aligner treatment (CAT). Hence, this study investigates changes of the subgingival microbial community and its association with clinical characteristics during the first three months of CAT. Methods Ten female patients with clear aligners were enrolled in this study. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained at three time points: before orthodontic treatment (T0), one month after orthodontic treatment (T1) and three months after orthodontic treatment (T2). DNA was then extracted from plaque samples and analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Periodontal examinations, including plaque index (PI) and gingival bleeding index (GBI) measurements were also recorded. Results The plaque indices (PIs) and gingival bleeding indices (GBIs) were slightly increased at T1 and T2, but no statistically significant difference was found. The alpha diversity indices, including the ACE, Chao1, Shannon indices, all showed a declining trend without significance, and a rising trend in the Simpson diversity index was observed. The weighted UniFrac distance was significantly higher at T1 and T2 compared with T0. Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) demonstrated that the communities at T0 tended to cluster apart from the communities at T1 and T2. The relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes and genus Mycoplasma was significantly increased at T0 compared with T2. There was no significant difference in the relative abundance of periodontal pathogens at the genus and species levels or core microorganisms at the genus level. Conclusion A slightly decreasing microbial diversity with a significant change of microbial structure was found during the first three-month clear aligner treatment (CAT). However, subjects receiving clear aligner treatment were free from periodontal diseases with relatively stable levels of periodontal microorganisms and core microorganisms. Thus, our preliminary findings indicated that clear aligners induced nonpathogenic changes of the subgingival microbiome in the first three-month treatment.

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Comparison of Sampling Techniques For qPCR Quantification of Periodontal Pathogens

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.12.5993 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 68 (12) ◽

pp. 2853-2856 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Igor Jelihovschi ◽

Cristian Drochioi ◽

Aida Corina Badescu ◽

Raoul Vasile Lupusoru ◽

Alexandra Elena Munteanu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Treponema Denticola ◽

Subgingival Plaque ◽

Periodontal Pathogens ◽

Radiographic Evidence ◽

Gingival Bleeding ◽

As Species ◽

Qpcr Quantification

The diagnosis of periodontal disease is mainly based on use of clinical and radiographic evidence. In this study we employed a quantitative PCR analysis of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Treponema denticola as species strongly involved in periodontal diseases, burden in periodontal pockets to detect the main sampling factors that interfere with qPCR results. From 22 patients with advanced periodontal disease, subgingival plaque was comparatively collected by paper points and periodontal Gracey curettes. Samples were collected from the same situs in presence of gingival bleeding and absence of bleeding. The concordance and agreement of results between samples were assessed. The present study demonstrates that subgingival plaque sampling with sterile absorbable paper points is often accompanied by gingival bleeding resulting in quantification biases of periodontal pathogens.

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Profile of microbial community of organic and conventional rice field using metagenomic analysis

Biogenesis Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi ◽

10.24252/bio.v9i1.14228 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Arum Asri Trisnastuti ◽

Edi Purwanto ◽

Ari Susilowati

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Rice Field ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Rice Fields ◽

Community Diversity ◽

Total N ◽

Organic C ◽

Organic Rice ◽

Significant Difference

Organic farming can increase the diversity of soil bacterial. This research aimed to compare the profile of microbial community of organic and conventional rice fields in early (0 Day After Planting/DAP), mid (15 DAP), and late (45 DAP) fertilizer application period. The total DNA genome from the soil sample was extracted then analyzed metagenomically using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). There was nine genus of bacteria found in high relative abundance, 95.28%, while 4.72% included in Domain of Archaea (genus Methanosaeta). Phylum of Firmicutes (genus Clostridium has 24.50% relative abundance, Bacillus 11.90%, Lactobacillus 9.69%); Proteobacteria (genus Defluviicoccus 12.10%, Buchnera 18.46%, Rosenbergiella 2.46%); and Actinobacteria (genus Nocardioides 12.21%, and Streptomyces 3.96%). Meanwhile, the average plant height of organic rice fields was shorter than conventional rice fields got directly measured coincided with soil sampled. Based on alpha and beta diversity analysis, the highest community diversity and abundance were found in organic rice field soil samples taken at 45 DAP, i.e., at the end of the fertilizer application period. However, in both organic and conventional rice field soils, there was almost no significant difference in the bacterial community, so it impacts that organic and conventional systems do not make a real difference in the total N, P available, CEC, and pH values. It makes a significant difference in organic C and organic matters.

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Postoperative Stability of Patients Undergoing Orthognathic Surgery with Orthodontic Treatment Using Clear Aligners: A Preliminary Study

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app112311216 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (23) ◽

pp. 11216

Author(s):

Chiho Moon ◽

George K. Sándor ◽

Edward Chengchuan Ko ◽

Yong-Deok Kim

Keyword(s):

Treatment Period ◽

Orthognathic Surgery ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Control Group ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Fixed Appliance ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Clear Aligner

Backgrond: Until now, there have been many studies on the postoperative stability of orthognathic patients treated with traditional fixed orthodontic appliances. Recently, the use of clear aligners as orthodontic appliances has increased in orthodontic treatment for aesthetic and patient convenience. The aim of this preliminary study was to investigate the stability and characteristics of patients undergoing orthognathic surgery using clear aligners. Patients and Methods: This study was performed on patients who underwent orthognathic surgery by one surgeon at Pusan National University Dental Hospital from April 2017 to August 2021. A comparative study was conducted on five patients treated with clear aligners during orthodontic treatment and ten patients treated with traditional fixed appliances as a control group. Postoperative skeletal changes and recurrence were evaluated by cone beam computed tomography and lateral cephalometric radiographs taken two days postoperatively and six months postoperatively. Several measurement variables were used to confirm the presence or absence of recurrence, preoperative and postoperative orthodontic treatment period, and the number of extracted teeth. Results: Postoperative stability for six months after surgery was not significantly different between the clear aligner group and the traditional fixed appliance group. The preoperative orthodontic treatment period was also shorter in the clear aligner group, and the number of extracted premolar teeth and impacted teeth were also fewer in the clear aligner group, but there was no significant difference. Conclusions: Orthodontic treatment using clear aligners continues to develop, and it is believed that there is no limit to what can be accomplished during orthodontic surgery accompanied by clear aligners.

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Impact of photobiomodulation and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound adjunctive interventions on orthodontic treatment duration during clear aligner therapy: A retrospective study

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/112420-956.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ra'ed Al-Dboush ◽

Anahita Naseri Esfahani ◽

Tarek El-Bialy

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Treatment Duration ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Total Duration ◽

Control Group ◽

Pulsed Ultrasound ◽

Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound ◽

Low Intensity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Clear Aligner

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the efficiency of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) and photobiomodulation (PBM) interventions in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement during clear aligner therapy (CAT). Materials and Methods This retrospective study was carried out on the records of 84 subjects who were treated using CAT. Twenty-eight patients were treated using CAT with a daily use of LIPUS for 20 minutes, 28 patients were treated using CAT with a daily use of PBM for 10 minutes, and 28 patients were treated using CAT alone. The total duration of treatment was recorded for all patients. One-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey test were used to assess whether there was any significant difference in total treatment duration among the three groups (P < .05). Results The mean treatment durations in days were 719 ± 220, 533 ± 242, and 528 ± 323 for the control, LIPUS, and PBM groups, respectively. The LIPUS group showed a 26% reduction, on average, in treatment duration when compared with the control group, whereas the PBM group showed an average 26.6% reduction in the treatment duration when compared with the control group. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences among the groups (P = .011). Treatment durations were significantly reduced in the LIPUS and PBM groups as compared with the control (P = .027 and P = .023, respectively), with no statistically significant differences between the LIPUS and PBM groups (P = .998). Conclusions Daily use of LIPUS or PBM as adjunctive interventions during CAT could reduce the duration of orthodontic treatment.

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Variation in the microbial community contributes to the improvement of the main active compounds of Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils in the process of sweating

Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1186/s13020-019-0267-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Qinahua Wu ◽

Dan Wei ◽

Linlin Dong ◽

Yuping Liu ◽

Chaoxiang Ren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Early Stage ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Active Compounds ◽

Beneficial Microbes ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Magnolia Officinalis ◽

Active Substances

Abstract Background Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils, commonly called Houpo, has been used for thousands of years in China as a traditional herbal medicine. The primary processing of Houpo requires sweating treatment, which is a special drying process and is considered to be an essential embodiment of high quality and genuine medicinal materials. The sweating of Houpo leads to peculiar changes in the microbial community structure and the content of main active substances (magnolol, honokiol, syringin and magnoflorine). Variation in the microbial community was considered the cause of the change in content of active substances of Houpo, although the microbial taxa responsible for the improvement of content remain unidentified. Methods In this study, we used MiSeq high-throughput sequencing methods for partial bacterial 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA gene sequences to compare the bacterial and fungal community structures at different timepoints in the process of sweating. The content of the main active substances (magnolol, honokiol, syringin and magnoflorine) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis to evaluate the effects of sweating. UPLC-Q-Extractive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-QE Orbitrap MS) was used to detection of differential metabolites of unsweated Houpo before and after co-culture with core bacterial solutions. Results In this study, the total contents of magnolol (MG) and honokiol (HK) were significantly increased at 4 dp (dp for day PM sample), up to 3.75%, and the contents of syringin (SG) and magnoflorine (MF) were as high as 0.12% and 0.06%, respectively. Bacterial abundance and diversity were higher in the early stage (0 day–2 da; da for day AM sample) than in the later stage (4–5 dp), while fungal abundance was more obvious in the later stage than in the early stage. Positive correlation coefficients revealed that the relative abundance of Enterobacter (P < 0.05), Klebsiella (P < 0.05), Weissella (P < 0.05), Bacillus (P < 0.05) and Candida (P < 0.05) would be conducive to improving the quality of Houpo. Negative correlation coefficients revealed that the relative abundance of Actinomycetospora, Singulisphaera, Mucilaginibacter, Deinococcus, Gemmatirosa, Methylobacterium, Sphingomonas, Hymenobacter, Halomonas and Capnobotryella could be a potential antagonist for the decrease in the quality of Houpo. After co-culture of single core strain and unsweated Houpo, there was no significant difference in the four main active components, but there were other metabolites with significant difference. Conclusions Our findings reveal that sweating increased the content of the main active compounds, promoted the relative abundance of potentially beneficial microbes, decreased the abundance of potentially harmful microbes, the core functional genera group together, forming a core microbiome, these genera are dominant across the different stages of the sweating process and contribute to the quality development of the characteristics of Houpo. Meanwhile, this study presented a clear scope for potential beneficial microbes that improve the quality of Houpo.

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Weaning Age Affects the Development of the Ruminal Bacterial and Archaeal Community in Hu Lambs During Early Life

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.636865 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Huiling Mao ◽

Yanfang Zhang ◽

Yan Yun ◽

Wenwen Ji ◽

Zhao Jin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Age Groups ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Archaeal Community ◽

Milk Replacer ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Weaning Age ◽

Bacterial And Archaeal Communities ◽

Positive Correlations

Weaning plays an important role in many animal processes, including the development of the rumen microbiota in ruminants. Attaining a better understanding of the development of the rumen microbial community at different weaning stages can aid the identification of the optimal weaning age. We investigated the effects of weaning age on ruminal bacterial and archaeal communities in Hu lambs. Thirty male Hu lambs were randomly assigned to two weaning-age groups: a group weaned at 30 days of age (W30) and a group weaned at 45 days of age (W45), with each group having five replicate pens. On the weaning day (day 30 for W30 and day 45 for W45) and at 5 days postweaning [day 35 for W30 (PW30) and day 50 for W45 (PW45)], one lamb from each replicate was randomly selected and sacrificed. Rumen contents were collected to examine the ruminal microbiota. Compared to W30, PW30 had a decreased relative abundance of Bacteroidetes. At genus level, the extended milk replacer feeding (W45 vs. W30) increased the relative abundance of Ruminococcus while decreased that of Prevotella and Dialister. Compared to W30, PW30 exhibited decreased relative abundances of Prevotella, Dialister and Bacteroides but an increased unclassified Coriobacteriaceae. No significant difference was noted in the detected archaeal taxa among the animals. The function “biosynthesis of secondary metabolites” was less predominant in PW30 than in W30, whereas the opposite held true for “metabolism of cofactors and vitamins.” Some bacterial genera were significantly correlated with rumen volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration or other animal measures, including negative correlations between ruminal VFA concentration and unclassified Mogibacteriaceae and unclassified Veillonellaceae; positive correlations of ruminal papillae length with Fibrobacter and unclassified Lachnospiraceae, but negative correlations with Mitsuokella and Succiniclasticum; and negative correlations between plasma D-lactate concentration and Prevotella, unclassified Paraprevotellaceae, and Desulfovibrio. Our results revealed that the ruminal bacterial community underwent larger changes over time in lambs weaned at 30 days of age than in lambs weaned half a month later. Thus, extending milk replacer feeding to 45 days weaning was recommended from the perspective of the rumen microbial community in the Hu lamb industry.

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Clinical and microbiological parameters in patients with self-ligating and conventional brackets during early phase of orthodontic treatment

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/010412-8.1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 133-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Slavica Pejda ◽

Marina Lapter Varga ◽

Sandra Anic Milosevic ◽

Senka Mestrovic ◽

Martina Slaj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Treatment Plan ◽

Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Subgingival Plaque ◽

Clinical Parameters ◽

Periodontal Pathogens ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Conventional Brackets ◽

Chain Reaction Test

Abstract Objective: To determine the effect of different bracket designs (conventional brackets and self-ligating brackets) on periodontal clinical parameters and periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque. Material and Methods: The following inclusion criteria were used: requirement of orthodontic treatment plan starting with alignment and leveling, good general health, healthy periodontium, no antibiotic therapy in the previous 6 months before the beginning of the study, and no smoking. The study sample totaled 38 patients (13 male, 25 female; mean age, 14.6 ± 2.0 years). Patients were divided into two groups with random distribution of brackets. Recording of clinical parameters was done before the placement of the orthodontic appliance (T0) and at 6 weeks (T1), 12 weeks (T2), and 18 weeks (T3) after full bonding of orthodontic appliances. Periodontal pathogens of subgingival microflora were detected at T3 using a commercially available polymerase chain reaction test (micro-Dent test) that contains probes for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola. Results: There was a statistically significant higher prevalence of A actinomycetemcomitans in patients with conventional brackets than in patients with self-ligating brackets, but there was no statistically significant difference for other putative periodontal pathogens. The two different types of brackets did not show statistically significant differences in periodontal clinical parameters. Conclusion: Bracket design does not seem to have a strong influence on periodontal clinical parameters and periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque. The correlation between some periodontal pathogens and clinical periodontal parameters was weak.

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Comparison of Enamel Demineralisation Scores between Passive Self-Ligation Brackets and Conventional Ligation Brackets in Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment- A Laser Fluorescence Study

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2020/45724.14252 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Akriti Tiwari ◽

Ravindra Kumar Jain

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

T Test ◽

Laser Fluorescence ◽

Anova Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Gender Association ◽

T1 And T2 ◽

The Difference ◽

One Way Anova

Introduction: Enamel demineralisation is often seen in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment because appliances create retentive areas around the brackets leading to food debris accumulation. The method of ligation is also an additional factor in causing plaque accumulation leading to demineralisation around the brackets. Aim: The present study aims to compare enamel demineralisation around self-ligation brackets and conventional ligation brackets at the 3rd month and 12th month of orthodontic treatment using laser fluorescence. Materials and Methods: The present prospective study aims to compare enamel demineralisation around self-ligation brackets (Damon 3mx) and conventional ligation brackets (Gemini 3M) at the 3rd month and 12th month of orthodontic treatment using laser fluorescence. Nineteen subjects who were scheduled for fixed orthodontic treatment were selected for the study and were divided into two groups that is conventional ligation and passive self-ligation. Diagnodent (DD) was used to take enamel demineralisation scores at the time of bonding (T0), 3 months (T1) and 12 months (T2) into treatment. All statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 20. Chi-square test was performed to find the gender association, One-way ANOVA test was carried out to evaluate the difference of DD scores at time period T0, T1 and T2 in self-ligation group and conventional ligation group and Independent t-test was carried out to evaluate the difference of DD scores between self-ligation brackets and conventional ligation at T0, T1 and T2. Results: One-way ANOVA test reported that in conventional ligation groups there was a statistically significant difference in the mean DD scores between T0 and T1, T0 and T2 (p<0.05). Similarly, in the self-ligation group, a statistically significant difference was observed in the mean DD score between T0 and T1, T0 and T2 (p<0.05). Independent t-test to evaluate the difference of mean DD scores between self-ligation brackets and conventional ligation at T2 was found to be statistically non-significant (p>0.05). No gender association was noted. Conclusion: The method of ligation did not influence enamel demineralisation around orthodontic brackets.

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Is the use of contraceptives associated with periodontal diseases? A systematic review and meta-analyses

BMC Women s Health ◽

10.1186/s12905-021-01180-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Micaele Maria Lopes Castro ◽

Maria Karolina Martins Ferreira ◽

Iasmin Encaua Essashika Prazeres ◽

Paula Beatriz de Oliveira Nunes ◽

Marcela Baraúna Magno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Hormonal Contraceptive ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Hormonal Contraceptives ◽

Clinical Parameters ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Previous studies indicated an impact of hormonal contraceptive use on oral health. This systematic review aimed to investigate the evidence supporting the impact of the use of hormonal contraceptives and periodontal diseases. Methods This study is based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and based on the PECO acrostic. Inclusion criteria comprised observational studies including women (P), which evaluated hormonal contraceptive users (E) and hormonal contraceptive non-users (C), to verify the association between this hormonal therapy and the periodontal diseases (O). Searches were performed on 5 databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, LILACS and grey literature (OpenGrey and Google Scholar). After the selection process, the included studies were evaluated qualitatively. Moreover, quantitative data were analyzed in two meta-analyses for clinical attachment loss (CAL) and probing depth (PD). Finally, the level of certainty was measured with the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) tool between periodontal clinical parameters. Results 18 articles were eligible for the qualitative synthesis and 7 of them were selected for quantitative analysis. Hence, 15 of the eligible articles reported an association between the use of hormonal contraceptives and severity of periodontal disease. However, 6 articles demonstrated high risk of bias and were excluded from quantitative synthesis. The meta-analysis showed a statistically significant difference for CAL (MD 0.24 [0.09, 0.40]; p = 0.002), but in PD (MD 0.05 [− 0.05, 0.15]; p = 0.33) such difference was not identified. A very low level of evidence was found between the clinical parameters. Conclusions The use of hormonal contraceptives may be associated to severity of periodontal diseases. However, the quantitative analysis points to an inconclusive outcome due to the high level of heterogeneity. The association is biologically plausible, however additional studies are warranted to better elucidate the clinical significance of this possible association.

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Bending Properties of General Purpose Stainless Steel Wire Formed for Orthodontic Use

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.746.394 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 746 ◽

pp. 394-399

Author(s):

Niwat Anuwongnukroh ◽

Yosdhorn Chuankrerkkul ◽

Surachai Dechkunakorn ◽

Pornkiat Churnjitapirom ◽

Theeralaksna Suddhasthira

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Steel Wire ◽

General Purpose ◽

Stainless Steel Wire ◽

Bending Test ◽

Bending Properties ◽

Steel Wires ◽

Significant Difference

The archwire is generally used in fixed appliances for orthodontic treatment to correct dental malocclusion. However, it is interesting to know whether general purpose stainless steel wire could replace commercial orthodontic archwire in orthodontic practice for economic reasons. The purpose of this study was to determine the bending properties of general purpose stainless steel wire compared with commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires after forming as an archwire for orthodontic use. The samples used in this study were 90 general purpose and 45 commercial (Highland) round stainless steel wires in 0.016, 0.018, and 0.020 sizes (30 general purpose and 15 commercial wires for each size). All 15 general purpose stainless steel wires with different sizes were formed into orthodontic archwire with a Universal Testing Machine. All samples were tested (three-point bending test) for mechanical properties. The results showed no significant difference between general purpose and commercial orthodontic wires in size 0.016 for 0.1 mm offset bending force, 0.2% yield strength, and springback. Although many mechanical properties of general purpose wires differed from commercial wires, their values conformed to other previous studies within the range of clinical acceptance. In conclusion, orthodontic formed general purpose round stainless steel wires had statistically different (p <0.05) mechanical properties from commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires (Highland) but the mechanical properties were acceptable to use in orthodontic treatment.

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