scholarly journals Genomic Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Associated With Peracute Non-gangrenous or Gangrenous Mastitis and Comparison With Other Mastitis-Associated Staphylococcus aureus Isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silja Åvall-Jääskeläinen ◽  
Joanna Koort ◽  
Heli Simojoki ◽  
Suvi Taponen
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Comparative Genomic

Staphylococcus aureus is a highly prevalent cause of mastitis in dairy herds worldwide, capable of causing outcomes that vary from subclinical to peracute gangrenous mastitis. We performed a comparative genomic analysis between 14 isolates of S. aureus, originating from peracute bovine mastitis with very severe signs (9 gangrenous, 5 non-gangrenous) and six isolates originating from subclinical or clinical mastitis with mild to moderate signs, to find differences that could be associated with the clinical outcome of mastitis. Of the 296 virulence factors studied, 219 were detected in all isolates. No difference in the presence of virulence genes was detected between the peracute and control groups. None of the virulence factors were significantly associated with only a single study group. Most of the variation in virulence gene profiles existed between the clonal complexes. Our isolates belonged to five clonal complexes (CC97, CC133, CC151, CC479, and CC522), of which CC522 has previously been detected only in isolates originating from caprine and ovine mastitis, but not from bovine mastitis. For statistical analysis, we sorted the CCs into two groups. The group of CCs including CC133, CC479, and CC522 was associated with gangrenous mastitis, in contrast to the group of CCs including CC97 and CC151. The presence of virulence genes does not explain the clinical outcome of mastitis, but may be affected by allelic variation, and especially different regulation and thus expression in the virulence genes.

scholarly journals Genome Sequence Survey Identifies Unique Sequences and Key Virulence Genes with Unusual Rates of Amino Acid Substitution in Bovine Staphylococcus aureus

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 3978-3981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa L. Herron ◽  
Rajit Chakravarty ◽  
Christopher Dwan ◽  
J. Ross Fitzgerald ◽  
James M. Musser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Nonsynonymous Substitution ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Genome Sequence Survey ◽  
Specific Factors

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of mastitis in bovine and other ruminant species. We here present the results of a comparative genomic analysis between a bovine mastitis-associated clone, RF122, and the recently sequenced human-associated clones, Mu50 and N315, of Staphylococcus aureus. A shotgun sequence survey of ∼10% of the RF122 genome identified numerous unique sequences and those with elevated rates of nonsynonymous substitution. Taken together, these analyses show that there are notable differences in the genomes of bovine mastitis-associated and human clones of S. aureus and provide a framework for the identification of specific factors associated with host specificity in this major human and animal pathogen.

scholarly journals Characterization of Virulence Factors in Enterotoxin-Producing Staphylococcus Aureus From Bulk Tank Milk

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Ri Jung ◽  
Young Ju Lee
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Enterotoxin Genes ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Bulk Tank

Abstract Background: Staphylococcus aureus, a persistent and chronic mastitis-causing pathogen, produces various virulence factors, including enterotoxins. This study analyzed the genetic characteristics of bovine mastitis-related virulence factors to evaluate potential pathogenesis in S. aureus isolated from bulk tank milk.Results: Among 93 S. aureus isolates from 396 dairy farms in six factories operated by three dairy companies in Korea, 40 (43.0%) isolates carried at least one or more enterotoxin genes and there were significant differences between factories within the same company (p < 0.05). Moreover, S. aureus carrying enterotoxin genes showed a higher prevalence in all virulence genes tested in this study except for pvl and lukM, which were not detected in any isolate, than the isolates without enterotoxin genes. In particular, the prevalence of six genes (hla, hlb, lukED, fnbA, clfA, and clfB) was significantly higher in S. aureus carrying enterotoxin genes than isolates without enterotoxin genes (p < 0.05). The most common multilocus sequence type (ST) of 40 enterotoxin-producing isolates was ST188, and all isolates of ST188 harbored the see gene. However, none of the isolates of ST1 and ST72 carried the see gene, and all isolates of ST1 carried the seh gene.Conclusions: Although S. aureus isolated from bulk tank milk, not from mastitis, had a high prevalence of enterotoxins and virulence factors simultaneously, posing a public health threat. Moreover, high enterotoxins in bulk tank milk may be reflected by poor hygiene; therefore, it is important to develop strong monitoring and sanitation programs to ensure that dairy factories produce hygienic milk.

Virulence gene profiles inStaphylococcus aureusisolated from cows with subclinical mastitis in eastern Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Kot ◽  
Piotr Szweda ◽  
Aneta Frankowska-Maciejewska ◽  
Małgorzata Piechota ◽  
Katarzyna Wolska
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Serine Protease ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Gene Profiles ◽  
Enterotoxin Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding

Staphylococcus aureusis arguably the most important pathogen involved in bovine mastitis. The aim of this study was to determine the virulence gene profiles of 124Staph. aureusisolates from subclinical mastitis in cows in eastern Poland. The presence of 30 virulence genes encoding adhesins, proteases and superantigenic toxins was investigated by PCR. The 17 different combinations of adhesin genes were identified. Occurrence ofeno(91·1%) andfib(82·3%) genes was found to be common. The frequency of other adhesion genesfnbA, fnbB, ebpswere 14·5, 50, 25%, respectively, and forcnaandbbpwere 1·6%. TheetAandetDgenes, encoding exfoliative toxins, were present in genomes of 5·6 and 8·9% isolates, respectively. ThesplAandsspA, encoding serine protease, were detected in above 90% isolates. The most frequent enterotoxin genes weresei(21%),sem(19·4%),sen(19·4%),seg(18·5%) andseo(13·7%). Thetstgene was harboured by 2·4% isolates. The 19 combinations of the superantigenic toxin genes were obtained and found in 35·5% of isolates. Three of them (seg, sei, sem, sen, seo; sec, seg, sei, sem, sen, seoandseg, sei, sem, sen) were the most frequent and found in 16·1% of the isolates. The most common virulotype, present in 17·7% of the isolates, wasfib, eno, fnbB, splA, splE, sspA. The results indicate the variation in the presence of virulence genes inStaph. aureusisolates and considerable diversity of isolates that are able to cause mastitis in cows.

scholarly journals Molecular Identification Virulence Genes Of Escherichia coli Isolated From Bovine Clinical Mastitis

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholam Ali Moradli ◽  
Tagi Zahraei Salehii ◽  
Mahmod Jamshidian ◽  
Farhad Mosakhani
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Common Gene ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pcr Assays

The aims of this study were molecular identification some of virulence genes in Escherichia coli isolated from milk of bovines with clinical mastitis. (n = 60) E. coli isolates from acute clinical mastitis were examined for detect the presence of the genes encodingshigatoxin1 (stx1), intimin (eaeA), cytotoxicnecrotizingfactor 2 (cnf2), aerobactin (iucD) and P fimberiae (pap). The majors finding in the PCR assays were: 8 isolates (13.33%) had at least one virulence gene, None of isolates contained the genes for stx1, eaeA , the most common gene in the examined isolate was iucD which was positive in 6 isolates (10%). One isolate (1.66%) was positive for both iucD and pap genes and one isolate (1.66%) for cnf2 gene. In this study similar to previous investigations indicated that prevalence virulence genes in E. coli isolated of bovine mastitis is deferent. The results of this investigate similar to previous studies indicated none of the potential virulence genes or specific pathotype was observed in E. coli isolates from bovine clinical mastitis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v8i2.10219   International Journal of Life Sciences Vol.8(2): 2014; 1-3 

scholarly journals Genomic analysis of European bovine Staphylococcus aureus from clinical versus subclinical mastitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurriaan Hoekstra ◽  
Aldert L. Zomer ◽  
Victor P. M. G. Rutten ◽  
Lindert Benedictus ◽  
Arjan Stegeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
A Genome

Abstract Intramammary infections (IMI) with Staphylococcus aureus are a common cause of bovine mastitis and can result in both clinical (CM) or subclinical mastitis (SCM). Although bacterial isolates of S. aureus differ in their virulence potential it is largely unclear which bacterial virulence factors are responsible for increased clinical severity. We performed a genome wide association study and used a generalized linear mixed model to investigate the correlation between gene carriage, lineage and clinical outcome of IMI in a collection of S. aureus isolates from cattle with CM (n = 125) and SCM (n = 151) from 11 European countries. An additional aim was to describe the genetic variation of bovine S. aureus in Europa. The dominant lineages in our collection were clonal complex (CC) 151 (81/276, 29.3%), CC97 (54/276, 19.6%), CC479 (32/276, 11.6%) and CC398 (19/276, 6.9%). Virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene carriage was highly associated with CC. Among a selection of nine virulence and AMR genes, CC151, CC479 and CC133 carried more virulence genes than other CCs, and CC398 was associated with AMR gene carriage. Whereas CC151, CC97 were widespread in Europe, CC479, CC398 and CC8 were only found in specific countries. Compared to CC151, CC479 was associated with CM rather than SCM (OR 3.62; 95% CI 1.38–9.50) and the other CCs were not. Multiple genes were associated with CM, but due to the clustering within CC of carriage of these genes, it was not possible to differentiate between the effect of gene carriage and CC on clinical outcome of IMI. Nevertheless, this study demonstrates that characterization of S. aureus CC and virulence genes helps to predict the likelihood of the occurrence of CM following S. aureus IMI and highlights the potential benefit of diagnostics tools to identify S. aureus CC during bovine mastitis.

scholarly journals Relationship between Vancomycin MIC and Virulence Gene Expression in Clonal Complexes of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Left-Sided Endocarditis

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan M. Pericàs ◽  
Carlos Cervera ◽  
Cristina Garcia-de-la-Mària ◽  
Batu K. Sharma-Kuinkel ◽  
Rachelle Gonzales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Virulence Gene Expression ◽  
Vancomycin Mics ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACT Higher vancomycin MICs have been associated with more complicated courses and higher mortality rates in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and infective endocarditis (IE). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the strains belonging to the cohort of 93 patients from a previously published study in which patients with strains with vancomycin MICs of ≥1.5 μg/ml presented higher mortality rates and systemic emboli than patients with strains with vancomycin MICs of <1.5 μg/ml had specific patterns of virulence factors, clonal complex (CC) types, or the ability to form biofilms. Vancomycin MICs were determined by Etest, and the isolates underwent spa typing to infer the CC, biofilm studies, a thrombin-induced platelet microbicidal assay, and multiplex PCR for the presence of virulence genes. We found no differences in genes encoding adhesins, toxins, or other putative virulence genes according to the vancomycin MIC group. CC30, CC34, and CC45 represented nearly half of the isolates, and there was no association with the vancomycin MIC. agr subgroups I and III predominated, with no association with the vancomycin MIC. Isolates with higher vancomycin MICs exhibited a poorer ability to form biofilms with and without the presence of vancomycin (2.03 versus 2.48 [P < 0.001], respectively, for isolates with higher vancomycin MICs and 2.60 versus 2.87 [P = 0.022], respectively, for isolates with lower vancomycin MICs). In the multivariable analysis, efb and V8 were risk factors for major emboli (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 7.5 and 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2 to 46.6 for efb, and aOR = 3.9 and 95% CI = 1.1 to 14.1 for V8), whereas no genotypic predictors of in-hospital mortality were found. No clear associations between genes encoding virulence factors, agr type, clonal complexes, mortality, and major embolic events according to vancomycin MIC group were found.

scholarly journals Distribution of virulence genes and SCCmec types among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of clinical and environmental origin: a study from community of Assam, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepshikha Bhowmik ◽  
Shiela Chetri ◽  
Bhaskar Jyoti Das ◽  
Debadatta Dhar Chanda ◽  
Amitabha Bhattacharjee
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Type I ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Clinical Community ◽  
Type V ◽  
Sccmec Types

Abstract Objective This study was designed to discover the dissemination of virulence genes in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from clinical, community and environmental settings. Results This study includes 1165 isolates collected from hospital, community and environmental settings. Among them sixty three were confirmed as MRSA with varied SCCmec types viz; type I, type II, type III, type IV, type V, type VI, type VII, type VIII and type XII. The virulence gene such as sea (n = 54), seb (n = 21), eta (n = 27), etb (n = 2), cna (n = 24), ica (n = 2) and tst (n = 30) was also revealed from this study. The study underscores coexistence of resistance cassette and virulence genes among clinical and environment isolates which is first of its kind from this part of the world.

scholarly journals Molecular characteristics and virulence gene profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Hainan, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuehan Li ◽  
Tao Huang ◽  
Kai Xu ◽  
Chenglin Li ◽  
Yirong Li
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Staphylococcal Protein A

Abstract Background There have been no reports regarding the molecular characteristics, virulence features, and antibiotic resistance profiles of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) from Hainan, the southernmost province of China. Methods Two hundred twenty-seven S. aureus isolates, consisting of 76 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 151 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), were collected in 2013–2014 and 2018–2019 in Hainan, and investigated for their molecular characteristics, virulence genes, antibiotic resistance profiles and main antibiotic resistance genes. Results Forty sequence types (STs) including three new STs (ST5489, ST5492 and ST5493), and 79 Staphylococcal protein A (spa) types were identified based on multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and spa typing, respectively. ST398 (14.1%, 32/227) was found to be the most prevalent, and the prevalence of ST398-MSSA increased significantly from 2013 to 2014 (5.5%, 5/91) to 2018–2019 (18.4%, 25/136). Seventy-six MRSA isolates were subject to staphylococcus chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) typing. SCCmec-IVa was the predominant SCCmec type, and specifically, ST45-SCCmec IVa, an infrequent type in mainland China, was predominant in S. aureus from Hainan. The antibiotic resistance profiles and antibiotic resistance genes of S. aureus show distinctive features in Hainan. The resistant rates of the MRSA isolates to a variety of antibiotics were significantly higher than those of the MSSA isolates. The predominant erythromycin and tetracycline resistance genes were ermC (90.1%, 100/111) and tetK (91.8%, 78/85), respectively. Eleven virulence genes, including the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl) and eta, were determined, and the frequency of eta and pvl were found to be 57.3 and 47.6%. Such high prevalence has never been seen in mainland China before. Conclusion S. aureus isolates in Hainan have unique molecular characteristics, virulence gene and antibiotic resistance profiles, and main antibiotic resistance genes which may be associated with the special geographical location of Hainan and local trends in antibiotic use.

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