scholarly journals Getting on the Same Page: Consolidating Terminology to Facilitate Cross-Disciplinary Health-Related Blast Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer N. Belding ◽  
Michael Egnoto ◽  
Robyn M. Englert ◽  
Shannon Fitzmaurice ◽  
Cynthia J. Thomsen
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Universal Language ◽  
Blast Exposure ◽  
Health Related ◽  
High Level

The consequences of blast exposure (including both high-level and low-level blast) have been a focal point of military interest and research for years. Recent mandates from Congress (e.g., National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018, section 734) have further accelerated these efforts, facilitating collaborations between research teams from a variety of disciplinary backgrounds. Based on findings from a recent scoping review, we argue that the scientific field of blast research is plagued by inconsistencies in both conceptualization of relevant constructs and terminology used to describe them. These issues hamper our ability to interpret study methods and findings, hinder efforts to integrate findings across studies to reach scientific consensus, and increase the likelihood of redundant efforts. We argue that multidisciplinary experts in this field require a universal language and clear, standardized terminology to further advance the important work of examining the effects of blast exposure on human health, performance, and well-being. To this end, we present a summary of descriptive conventions regarding the language scientists currently use when discussing blast-related exposures and outcomes based on findings from a recent scoping review. We then provide prescriptive conventions about how these terms should be used by clearly conceptualizing and explicitly defining relevant constructs. Specifically, we summarize essential concepts relevant to the study of blast, precisely distinguish between high-level blast and low-level blast, and discuss how the terms acute, chronic, exposure, and outcome should be used when referring to the health-related consequences of blast exposure.

scholarly journals Research Trends on Mobile Mental Health Application for General Population: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2459
Author(s):  
Won Ju Hwang ◽  
Ji Sun Ha ◽  
Mi Jeong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Stress Theory ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
Health Related

Background: Scoping reviews of the literature on the development and application of mental health apps based on theoretical suggestions are lacking. This study systematically examines studies on the effects and results of mental health mobile apps for the general adult population. Methods: Following PICOs (population, intervention, comparison, outcome, study design), a general form of scoping review was adopted. From January 2010 to December 2019, we selected the effects of mental health-related apps and intervention programs provided by mobile to the general adult population over the age of 18. Additionally, evaluation of methodological quality was assessed using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) checklist. Results: Fourteen studies were analyzed of 1205 that were identified; duplicate and matching studies were excluded. One was a descriptive study and 13 were experimental, of which randomized control trials (RCTs) accounted for 71.4%. Four of the mobile apps were developed based on cognitive behavior theory, one based on stress theory, and one on ecological instant intervention theory. These apps included breathing training, meditation, and music therapy. Stress, depression, and anxiety decreased using these apps, and some were effective for well-being. Conclusion: With the rapid development of technology related to mental health, many mobile apps are developed, but apps based on theoretical knowledge and well-designed research are lacking. Further research and practices should be conducted to develop, test, and disseminate evidence-based mHealth for mental health promotion. RCT studies are needed to expand the application to mental health services to various populations.

scholarly journals Health literacy needs among unemployed adults: Triangulating interview and scoping review data

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Samkange-Zeeb ◽  
H Singh ◽  
M Lakeberg ◽  
J Kolschen ◽  
B Schüz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Mental Health Literacy ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Nutrition And Physical Activity

Abstract   Disadvantaged populations, including unemployed adults, often exhibit low levels of health literacy. Exploring subjectively perceived health literacy needs in these populations can serve as an entry point for participatory intervention development. We aimed to assess health literacy needs of unemployed adults by triangulating qualitative interviews data and a scoping review. Using a parallel approach, we combined results of an interview study with 10 participants of a job-reintegration program in Germany and a scoping review. The interviews, conducted in early 2021, focused on health topics of interest to the participants and their sources of health-related information. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. For the scoping review, we searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo and SCOPUS up to January 2021 for studies containing “unemployed” AND “health literacy” in titles/abstracts. Study selection and data extraction were done independently by two researchers. Nutrition and physical activity emerged as core themes during the interviews, with some participants referring to the importance of both for mental health. Doctors and the institution running the job-reintegration program were the sources of health-related information often mentioned. The Corona pandemic was reported to have limited physical activity and affected psycho-social well-being. Five out of 2696 studies were included in the review. Four focused on mental health literacy, the fifth assessed information seeking practices in unemployed adults. The qualitative analysis revealed that health literacy needs of unemployed adults go beyond mental health literacy. As nutrition and physical activity impact mental health, interventions targeting such topics might also improve mental health literacy in unemployed adults. Study findings will be discussed with unemployed persons and social workers in co-production workshops that aim to identify and prioritize health literacy needs for intervention development. Key messages Health literacy programs for unemployed adults should target nutrition and physical activity. Workforce re-integration programs play a pivotal role in improving health literacy of unemployed adults.

scholarly journals Do wage and wage satisfaction compensate for the effects of a dissatisfying job on life satisfaction?

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob A. De Coning ◽  
Sebastiaan Rothmann ◽  
Marius W. Stander
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ethical Behaviour ◽  
Satisfaction Level ◽  
Wage Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level

Orientation: Research regarding subjective well-being (including life satisfaction and domain-specific satisfaction) is necessary, given the effects thereof on health, work performance, social relationships and ethical behaviour of employees.Research purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationships among life satisfaction, job satisfaction and wage satisfaction, as well as how these relationships related to gross wage category in a South African sample.Motivation for the study: While research has shown that wage level and wage satisfaction are positively associated with both job and life satisfaction, the question arises whether wage level and satisfaction would compensate for the negative effect of a dissatisfying job on life satisfaction.Research approach/design and method: A cross-sectional design was used. A non-probability convenience sample (N = 763) in the form of the WageIndicator data set was obtained. Hierarchical log-linear analyses and cross-tabulations were carried out to determine the relationships that existed among the constructs.Main findings: Although job satisfaction and wage satisfaction were strongly related at a low level of wage satisfaction, fewer people were satisfied with their jobs at a high level of wage satisfaction level. Moreover, while job and life satisfaction were strongly related at a low level of job satisfaction level, relatively fewer people were satisfied with their lives at a high level of job satisfaction level. Wage dissatisfaction was associated with dissatisfaction with life but was more strongly associated with life satisfaction at a high level of wage satisfaction. Wage category and wage satisfaction did not interact with the job satisfaction level in affecting life satisfaction.Practical/managerial implications: Managers should attend to the perceptions of wage dissatisfaction at low wage and wage satisfaction levels. Such dissatisfaction may have a negative impact on the job and life satisfaction of employees and result in detrimental effects on employees and organisations.Contribution/value-add: This study contributes to scientific knowledge regarding the relationships between wage, wage satisfaction, job dissatisfaction and life satisfaction.

scholarly journals Cartesian Control of Sit-to-Stand Motion Using Head Position Feedback

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Samina Rafique ◽  
M. Najam-ul-Islam ◽  
M. Shafique ◽  
A. Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
Head Position ◽  
Head Orientation ◽  
Motor Execution ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Task Control ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
High Level

Sit-to-stand (STS) motion is an indicator of an individual’s physical independence and well-being. Determination of various variables that contribute to the execution and control of STS motion is an active area of research. In this study, we evaluate the clinical hypothesis that besides numerous other factors, the central nervous system (CNS) controls STS motion by tracking a prelearned head position trajectory. Motivated by the evidence for a task-oriented encoding of motion by the CNS, we adopt a robotic approach for the synthesis of STS motion and propose this scheme as a solution to this hypothesis. We propose an analytical biomechanical human CNS modeling framework where the head position trajectory defines the high-level task control variable. The motion control is divided into low-level task generation and motor execution phases. We model CNS as STS controller and its Estimator subsystem plans joint trajectories to perform the low-level task. The motor execution is done through the Cartesian controller subsystem that generates torque commands to the joints. We do extensive motion and force capture experiments on human subjects to validate our analytical modeling scheme. We first scale our biomechanical model to match the anthropometry of the subjects. We do dynamic motion reconstruction through the control of simulated custom human CNS models to follow the captured head position trajectories in real time. We perform kinematic and kinetic analyses and comparison of experimental and simulated motions. For head position trajectories, root mean square (RMS) errors are 0.0118 m in horizontal and 0.0315 m in vertical directions. Errors in angle estimates are 0.55 rad, 0.93 rad, 0.59 rad, and 0.0442 rad for ankle, knee, hip, and head orientation, respectively. RMS error of ground reaction force (GRF) is 50.26 N, and the correlation between ground reaction torque and the support moment is 0.72. Low errors in our results validate (1) the reliability of motion/force capture methods and anthropometric technique for customization of human models and (2) high-level task control framework and human CNS modeling as a solution to the hypothesis. Accurate modeling and detailed understanding of human motion can have significant scope in the fields of rehabilitation, humanoid robotics, and virtual characters’ motion planning based on high-level task control schemes.

scholarly journals Investigating The Benefits of Online Running Groups On The Well-Being of Their Female Running Members

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Hughes ◽  
Anne Moorhead
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Moderate Range ◽  
Over Time

Abstract BackgroundOnline running communities are becoming increasingly prevalent within social media, and many groups have been exclusively established for female runners. The aim of this study was to investigate the wellbeing benefits and limitations of using Facebook running groups among women. MethodologyThe research design was a quantitative online survey. This survey was completed by 349 adult members of Facebook running groups for women. The online survey consisted of a validated scale, the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS), to calculate individual wellbeing scores. Data were analysed using SPSS, conducting descriptives, frequencies and correlations tests. ResultsThe results showed that 14% of participants’ scores indicated a high level of wellbeing, 66% had a wellbeing score in the moderate range and 21% of participants scored in the range of low-level wellbeing. Participants specified how they perceived women’s running Facebook groups to benefit or limit areas of wellbeing. Responses indicated perceived benefits to sense of optimism, interest in other people and sense of feeling good about themselves. There were negligible perceived wellbeing limitations. Members who had been running for the longest reported to engage more frequently with the groups, which may suggest their identities as runners have strengthened over time. ConclusionOverall, this study clearly found that women’s running Facebook groups can provide wellbeing benefits for their members.

scholarly journals Potential Health and Performance Effects of High-Level and Low-Level Blast: A Scoping Review of Two Decades of Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer N. Belding ◽  
Robyn M. Englert ◽  
Shannon Fitzmaurice ◽  
Jourdan R. Jackson ◽  
Hannah G. Koenig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Medical Specialty ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Blast Exposure

Although blast exposure has been recognized as a significant source of morbidity and mortality in military populations, our understanding of the effects of blast exposure, particularly low-level blast (LLB) exposure, on health outcomes remains limited. This scoping review provides a comprehensive, accessible review of the peer-reviewed literature that has been published on blast exposure over the past two decades, with specific emphasis on LLB. We conducted a comprehensive scoping review of the scientific literature published between January 2000 and 2019 pertaining to the effects of blast injury and/or exposure on human and animal health. A three-level review process with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria was used. A full-text review of all articles pertaining to LLB exposure was conducted and relevant study characteristics were extracted. The research team identified 3,215 blast-relevant articles, approximately half of which (55.4%) studied live humans, 16% studied animals, and the remainder were non-subjects research (e.g., literature reviews). Nearly all (99.49%) of the included studies were conducted by experts in medicine or epidemiology; approximately half of these articles were categorized into more than one medical specialty. Among the 51 articles identified as pertaining to LLB specifically, 45.1% were conducted on animals and 39.2% focused on human subjects. Animal studies of LLB predominately used shock tubes to induce various blast exposures in rats, assessed a variety of outcomes, and clearly demonstrated that LLB exposure is associated with brain injury. In contrast, the majority of LLB studies on humans were conducted among military and law enforcement personnel in training environments and had remarkable variability in the exposures and outcomes assessed. While findings suggest that there is the potential for LLB to harm human populations, findings are mixed and more research is needed. Although it is clear that more research is needed on this rapidly growing topic, this review highlights the detrimental effects of LLB on the health of both animals and humans. Future research would benefit from multidisciplinary collaboration, larger sample sizes, and standardization of terminology, exposures, and outcomes.

scholarly journals Spiritual Well-Being among Medical and Nonmedical Science Students

Scientifica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mahboobeh Maazallahi ◽  
Asma Ghonchepour ◽  
Mostafa Sohrabi ◽  
Zakiyeh Golestani ◽  
Peiman Parandeh Afshar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Moderate Level ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Spiritual Well Being ◽  
Quota Sampling ◽  
High Level

Spiritual well-being is one dimension of health that provides a person with stability, meaning, fulfillment in life, and self-belief. This study aimed to compare the spiritual well-being among students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences and the Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. With the demographic questionnaire and 20-item spiritual well-being scale of the “Paloutzian and Ellison” questionnaire, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 626 students of the universities of medical and nonmedical sciences by the quota sampling method in Kerman in 2017-2018. The scores of spiritual well-being and its two components were significantly higher in nonmedical science students (89.83 ± 16.79) than in the medical science students (81.61 ± 15.21) ( p < 0.05 ). In addition, one percent of the nonmedical science students had a low level, 67.7% had a moderate level, and 31.3% had a high level of spiritual well-being. 0.3% of the medical science students had a low level, 84% had a moderate level, and 15.7% had a high level of spiritual well-being. Since spirituality is important for the profession of medical science students, it may be necessary to expand this component in their curriculum.

scholarly journals Conclusions about well-being being necessary but not sufficient for resilience may be unwarranted

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimmo Sorjonen ◽  
Bo Melin
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Extended Version ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level

After conducting necessary condition analysis (NCA), researchers have concluded that a certain, not too low, level of well-being is necessary but not sufficient for a high level of resilience. However, as acknowledged by the developers of the test, NCA only evaluates if the association between two variables is characterized by some unspecified type of non-randomness and not conditions of necessity. The present findings, based on re-analyses of data, indicate a significant necessity effect of resilience on overall well-being, which is not logically compatible with well-being being necessary but not sufficient for resilience. Analyses with an extended version of NCA suggest that the association between overall well-being and resilience is characterized by equal degrees of necessity and sufficiency.

Caratteristiche del lavoro e qualitŕ della vita lavorativa: effetti sull'engagement e sulla propensione all'innovazione

RISORSA UOMO ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 415-429
Author(s):  
Fabio Massei ◽  
Salvatore Zappalŕ
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work Environments ◽  
Work Characteristics ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Longitudinal Research Design ◽  
High Level

- Research have shown that characteristics of the work environments are related to employees' well-being, performance and individual innovation. The study, carried out in a small manufacturing company (N = 32), using the Karasek's model and a longitudinal research design, shows that characteristics of the work environments influence workers' engagement and the frequency with which employees experienced positive emotion on the job. The level of employees' innovativeness at T1 predicts job demands perceived at T2. Work characteristics are not related to employees' performance and to employees' propensity in suggesting ideas. Instead, an high level of control and a low level of demands fostering ideas implementation.

A scoping review of home modification interventions – Mapping the evidence base

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillippa Carnemolla ◽  
Catherine Bridge
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Falls Prevention ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Home Modifications

As home-based health services emerge as a focal point of international discussions of primary healthcare, the home environment is now recognised as a place for safe and independent living, and also delivery of care. Consequently, research into how housing improvements can directly impact health and care outcomes is an increasingly important area of trans-disciplinary research. The links between health and housing are well established and indicate that housing interventions may be an important mechanism in health maintenance and improvement. Studies of home modifications have been published across a number of fields and the extent of their effects are diverse. We undertook a scoping review according to systematic PRISMA-P (Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols) guidelines to map the breadth and scale of the evidence base, identify themes and gaps in the evidence as well as grading home modifications research quality. Seventy-seven studies from 16 countries were included and revealed that home modifications evidence is measured in terms of a diverse range of effects. Seven key themes emerged including (in decreasing order); injury and falls prevention; improved function, self-care or independence; physical health and well-being; caregiving; economic effectiveness; ageing process; and social participation. The strongest experimental evidence has been conducted in relation to falls prevention.

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