Viability, Sublethal Injury, and Release of Cellular Components From Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris Spores and Cells After the Application of Physical Treatments, Natural Extracts, or Their Components

Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris is a spoiling microorganism regarded as one of the most important causes of spoilage of fruit juices and acidic products. In this paper, four strains of A. acidoterrestris (type strain-DSM 3922; two wild strains isolated from soil-C8 and C24; wild strain isolated from a spoiled pear juice CB1) were treated through natural extracts/active compounds from essential oils (EOs), and physical treatments were used to assess their susceptibility and the presence of sublethal injury. The characterization of damage was also performed. The results suggest that it is possible to control A. acidoterrestris through alternative approaches, although the effect relied upon the age of spores. In addition to the mere antimicrobial effect, some treatments could cause a sublethal injury on spores. Lemon extract was the most effective treatment for both the antimicrobial effect and the sublethal injury, as evidenced by the release of proteins, and calcium dipicolinate [dipicolinic acid (DPA)] by fresh spores and only DPA (with an exception for C8) by old spores. A sublethal injury with protein release was also found for physical treatments [US (ultrasound) or heating]. For the first time, this paper reports on the existence of a sublethal injury for A. acidoterrestris, and this evidence could also be a challenge, because injured microorganisms could restore their metabolism, or an opportunity to design new preserving treatments.

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Effect of Physical and Chemical Treatments on Viability, Sub-Lethal Injury, and Release of Cellular Components from Bacillus clausii and Bacillus coagulans Spores and Cells

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9121814 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1814

Author(s):

Antonio Bevilacqua ◽

Leonardo Petruzzi ◽

Milena Sinigaglia ◽

Barbara Speranza ◽

Daniela Campaniello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Dipicolinic Acid ◽

Bacillus Coagulans ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Microbial Stability ◽

Citrus Extract ◽

Physical Treatments ◽

Cellular Components ◽

Physical And Chemical

Bacterial spores are of concern to the food industry due to their ability to survive processing and their potential to subsequently germinate and grow in food. In this paper, two strains belonging to the genus Bacillus (B. clausii DSM 8716 and B. coagulans DSM 1) were studied under in vitro conditions after the application of essential oils, and physical treatments; cells and spores’ susceptibility, the extent of sub-lethal injury and the release of cellular components as a function of treatment and targets (cells, spores, old or activated spores) were studied. The highest antimicrobial effect was found for cells treated through citrus extract, while both essential oils and physical treatments could cause a sub-lethal injury on the surviving cells and spores; in addition, the spores of B. coagulans released dipicolinic acid (DPA) and proteins. Sub-lethal injury should be considered when designing a food processing treatment, because injured microorganisms could either repair the damage or be inactivated with a different effect on microbial stability of foods.

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Characterization of a Wild Strain of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris: Heat Resistance and Implications for Tomato Juice

Journal of Food Science ◽

10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.02032.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. M130-M136 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Antonio Bevilacqua ◽

Maria R. Corbo

Keyword(s):

Heat Resistance ◽

Wild Strain ◽

Tomato Juice ◽

Alicyclobacillus Acidoterrestris

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Susceptibility of Aedes Aegypti Against Various Insecticides in Lahore, Pakistan

Asian Journal of Allied Health Sciences (AJAHS) ◽

10.52229/ajahs.v5i4.787 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Farkhanda Manzoor ◽

Rooma Adalat ◽

Tallat Anwar Faridi ◽

Wafa Fatima ◽

Muhammad Moazzam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Wild Strain ◽

Effective Vaccine ◽

P Value ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Incomplete Coverage ◽

Wild Strains ◽

New Strategies ◽

Lahore City ◽

Indoor And Outdoor

Dengue fever is an arbo-viral infection, widespread all over the world. In 21th Century, there is no safe affordable and effective vaccine accessible yet; vector control is that most effective method for the control of the disease Objective: To determine the susceptibility status of wild and laboratory strains larvae and adults of Aedes aegypti against different group of insecticides in Lahore city. Method: From Lahore sites, larvae were collected where insecticides used for wild strain at high frequency and quantity. The Insectary of National Institute of Malaria Research and Training (NIMRT), Lahore, Pakistan, adults and larvae were collected for laboratory strain.The laboratory strains for larvae bioassays were used. The mosquitoes populations indoor and outdoor collected in 2009, hatched from larvae into adults insectary in Lahore, Pakistan. During this study, four major insecticides groups are used which include Pyrethroids (Deltamethrine 2.5% SC), Neonicotenoids (Imidacloprid 5% SC), Phenyl-pyrazoles (Fipronil 2.5% EC) and Organophosphates dichlorvos (DDVP 50% EC). For data analysis, Minitab statistical software (Version 13.20) used for data expressed as mean ± S.E.M from bioassays. By using EPA Probit, LC was estimated with 95% confidence. The 50 statistically significant p value was <= 0.05. For comparing the concentrations of insecticides, Duncan's multiple range tests was used with significant difference (5% level) using at New Costat. Results: Different location of Lahore samples, Imidacloprid the most toxic to Aedes aegypti's wild strains on the other hand while Fipronil was also active for wild larval samples. Deltamethrine showed least activity against both adults and larval strains. The susceptibility of the eld strains was lower than laboratory strains; resistant ratio varies from insecticide to insecticide. In reporting results, mosquitos' population was resistance because of infrequent and incomplete coverage. Conclusions: This study concluded that Pyrethroids and agriculture pest control play role in indirect growth of insecticides' classes. Based on this study it is suggested that by using new strategies to prevent and delay in growth of insecticides will helpful in Lahore, city, Pakistan.

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Fabrication and evaluation of an optimized xenogenic decellularized costal cartilage graft: preclinical studies of a novel biocompatible prosthesis for rhinoplasty

Regenerative Biomaterials ◽

10.1093/rb/rbab052 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shuang Lin ◽

Yuanjia He ◽

Meihan Tao ◽

Aijun Wang ◽

Qiang Ao

Keyword(s):

Costal Cartilage ◽

Donor Site ◽

Rabbit Model ◽

Operation Time ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Ionic Detergent ◽

Cellular Components ◽

First Time

Abstract On account of the poor biocompatibility of synthetic prosthesis, millions of rhinoplasty recipients have been forced to choose autologous costal cartilage as grafts, which suffer from limited availability, morbidity at donor site and prolonged operation time. Here, as a promising alternative to autologous costal cartilage, we developed a novel xenogeneic costal cartilage and explored its feasibility as a rhinoplasty graft for the first time. Adopting an improved decellularization protocol, in which the ionic detergent was substituted by trypsin, the resulting decellularized graft was confirmed to preserve more structural components and better mechanics, and eliminate cellular components effectively. The in vitro and in vivo compatibility experiments demonstrated that the decellularized graft showed excellent biocompatibility and biosecurity. Additionally, the functionality assessment of rhinoplasty was performed in a rabbit model, and the condition of grafts after implantation was comprehensively evaluated. The optimized graft exhibited better capacity to reduce the degradation rate and maintain the morphology, in comparison to the decellularized costal cartilage prepared by conventional protocol. These findings indicate that this optimized graft derived from decellularized xenogeneic costal cartilage provides a new prospective for future investigations of rhinoplasty prosthesis and has great potential for clinical application.

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AN ANALYSIS OF THE THZ FREQUENCY SIGNATURES IN THE CELLULAR COMPONENTS OF BIOLOGICAL AGENTS

International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems ◽

10.1142/s012915640700445x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 17 (02) ◽

pp. 225-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

ALEXEI BYKHOVSKI ◽

TATIANA GLOBUS ◽

TATYANA KHROMOVA ◽

BORIS GELMONT ◽

DWIGHT WOOLARD

Keyword(s):

Molecular Structure ◽

Structural Similarity ◽

Md Simulations ◽

Detection Capability ◽

Dna Structures ◽

E Coli ◽

Cellular Components ◽

First Time ◽

Insight Into ◽

Specific Contribution

The development of an effective biological (bio) agent detection capability based upon terahertz (THz) frequency absorption spectra will require insight into how the constituent cellular components contribute to the overall THz signature. In this work, the specific contribution of ribonucleic acid (RNA) to THz spectra is analyzed in detail. Previously, it has only been possible to simulate partial fragments of the RNA (or DNA) structures due to the excessive computational demands. For the first time, the molecular structure of the entire transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule of E. coli was simulated and the associated THz signature was derived theoretically. The tRNA that binds amino acid tyrosine (tRNAtyr) was studied. Here, the molecular structure was optimized using the potential energy minimization and molecular dynamical (MD) simulations. Solvation effects (water molecules) were also included explicitly in the MD simulations. To verify that realistic molecular signatures were simulated, a parallel experimental study of tRNAs of E. coli was also conducted. Two very similar molecules, valine and tyrosine tRNA were investigated experimentally. Samples were prepared in the form of water solutions with the concentrations in the range 0.01-1 mg/ml. A strong correlation of the measured THz signatures associated with valine tRNA and tyrosine tRNA was observed. These findings are consistent with the structural similarity of the two tRNAs. The calculated THz signature of the tyrosine tRNA of E. coli reproduces many features of our measured spectra, and, therefore, provides valuable new insights into bio-agent detection.

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Antifungal and Antibacterial Effect of Propolis: A Comparative Hit for Food-Borne Pseudomonas, Enterobacteriaceae and Fungi

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9050559 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 559 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Leonardo Petruzzi ◽

Maria Rosaria Corbo ◽

Daniela Campaniello ◽

Barbara Speranza ◽

Milena Sinigaglia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Cell Concentration ◽

Debaryomyces Hansenii ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Viable Count ◽

Resinous Substance ◽

High Inoculum ◽

Food Borne ◽

First Time

Propolis is a natural brownish resinous substance collected by honeybees (Apis mellifera), with a documented bioactivity against many microorganisms. In this study, the activity of propolis was investigated using some strains of Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacteriaceae, Lactobacillus plantarum, yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Debaryomyces hansenii) and Fusarium oxysporum. Two approaches were used (a modified microdilution protocol and viable count), and the microorganisms were inoculated at two levels (low or high inoculum). The antimicrobial effect of propolis relies upon several factors, like the kind of microorganisms (for example S. cerevisiae was more resistant than D. hansenii, while Lactobacillus plantarum was never affected), the cell concentration (at high inoculum higher amounts of propolis were required for an antimicrobial action), and the mode of action (a delay of growth rather than a complete inhibition). The results of this paper point out, for the first time, the antimicrobial activity of propolis against some spoilers, with a focus on the possible effect; thus, they could be the background to designing an effective tool to prolong the shelf life of foods.

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Biosynthesis and Characterization of Bacterial Cellulose Produced by a Wild Strain of Acetobacter spp.

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/opl.2013.13 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1498 ◽

pp. 109-114

Author(s):

Fatima Yassine ◽

Michael Ibrahim ◽

Maria Bassil ◽

Ali Chokr ◽

Anatoli Serghei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Cellulose ◽

Cellulose Nanofibers ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Wild Strain ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Wild Strains ◽

Nanomaterials Synthesis ◽

Static Conditions ◽

Container Shape

ABSTRACTMany advances in nanomaterials synthesis have been recorded during the last 30 years. Bacterial cellulose (BC) produced by bacteria belonging to the genera Acetobacter, Rhizobium, Agrobacterium, and Sarcina is acquiring major importance as one of many eco-friendly materials with great potential in the biomedical field. The shape of BC bulk is sensitive to the container shape and incubation conditions such as agitation, carbon source, rate of oxygenation, electromagnetic radiation, temperature, and pH. The challenge is to control the dimension and the final shape of biosynthesized cellulose, by the optimization of culture conditions. The production of 3D structures based on BC is important for many industrial and biomedical applications such as paper and textile industries, biological implants, burn dressing material, and scaffolds for tissue regeneration. In our work, wild strains of Acetobacter spp. were isolated from homemade vinegar then purified and used for cellulose production. Four media of different initial viscosity were used. Cultures were performed under static conditions at 29°C, in darkness. The dimensions and texture of obtained bacterial cellulose nanofibers were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the biosynthesized material has a cellulose I crystalline phase characterized by three crystal planes. fourrier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) data confirmed the chemical nature of the fibers. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that BC preserves a relatively superior non-degradable fraction compared to microcrystalline cellulose.

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Comparative Survival and Growth of Planted Wild, Hybrid, and Domestic Strains of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in Ontario Lakes

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f81-216 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 38 (12) ◽

pp. 1672-1684 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

J. M. Fraser

Keyword(s):

Brook Trout ◽

Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽

Wild Strain ◽

Catostomus Commersoni ◽

Precambrian Shield ◽

Wild Hybrid ◽

Wild Strains ◽

Competitive Species ◽

Survival And Growth ◽

Shield Lakes

Matched plantings of domestic strain and interstrain hybrid (or wild strain) brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were made annually in nine small Precambrian Shield lakes during 1973–77. Recoveries of planted fish were made by gillnetting and/or angling during 1974–80. In six study lakes, hybrids (and wild strains) were recovered at rates two to four times greater than the domestic strain; in three lakes recoveries were similar. Most domestic strain trout were caught in the year following planting whereas recoveries of hybrids and wild strains were spread over 3–4 yr. Each kilogram of hybrid (or wild) planted yielded 5.6 kg (1.2–12.3); each kilogram of domestic strain planted yielded 0.8 kg (0.2–2.1). Lakes containing only minnows and sticklebacks yielded the highest returns of brook trout; lakes containing competitive species yielded low returns. Rapid growth of brook trout occurred in lakes containing only minnows and sticklebacks; slowest growth was noted in lakes supporting white suckers (Catostomus commersoni). Domestic strain brook trout and the matched hybrid grew at approximately the same rate within a lake and in seven of the nine lakes ate the same food. The performance of the Nipigon × domestic hybrid qualifies it for consideration as a replacement for the domestic brook trout presently planted in Ontario lakes.Key words: planting, brook trout, trout strain, hybrid, Precambrian Shield, survival, stock

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Mechanistic and inhibition studies of chorismate-utilizing enzymes

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst0330763 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 763-766 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

O. Kerbarh ◽

E.M.M. Bulloch ◽

R.J. Payne ◽

T. Sahr ◽

F. Rébeillé ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Mechanism ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Three Dimensional Model ◽

Antimicrobial Drugs ◽

Apicomplexan Parasites ◽

Covalent Intermediate ◽

Inhibition Studies ◽

First Time

The shikimate biosynthetic pathway is utilized in algae, higher plants, bacteria, fungi and apicomplexan parasites; it involves seven enzymatic steps in which phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose 4-phosphate are converted into chorismate. In Escherichia coli, five chorismate-utilizing enzymes catalyse the synthesis of aromatic compounds such as L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, L-tryptophan, folate, ubiquinone and siderophores such as yersiniabactin and enterobactin. As mammals do not possess such a biosynthetic system, the enzymes involved in the pathway have aroused considerable interest as potential targets for the development of antimicrobial drugs and herbicides. As an initiative to investigate the mechanism of some of these enzymes, we showed that the antimicrobial effect of (6S)-6-fluoroshikimate is the result of irreversible inhibition of 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase by 2-fluorochorismate. Based on this study, a catalytic mechanism for this enzyme was proposed, in which the residue Lys-274 is involved in the formation of a covalent intermediate. In another study, Yersinia enterocolitica Irp9, which is involved in the biosynthesis of the siderophore yersiniabactin, was for the first time biochemically characterized and shown to catalyse the formation of salicylate from chorismate via isochorismate as a reaction intermediate. A three-dimensional model for this enzyme was constructed that will guide the search for potent inhibitors of salicylate formation, and hence of bacterial iron uptake.

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Investigation of the Foam Development Stages by Non-Destructive Testing Technology Using the Freeze Foaming Process

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma11122478 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2478

Author(s):

Johanna Maier ◽

Thomas Behnisch ◽

Vinzenz Geske ◽

Matthias Ahlhelm ◽

David Werner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Developmental Stages ◽

Cell Structure ◽

Destructive Testing ◽

Foaming Process ◽

Artificial Bones ◽

Testing Technology ◽

Foam Properties ◽

Lightweight Engineering ◽

Cellular Components ◽

First Time

With a novel Freeze Foaming method, it is possible to manufacture porous cellular components whose structure and composition also enables them for application as artificial bones, among others. To tune the foam properties to our needs, we have to understand the principles of the foaming process and how the relevant process parameters and the foam’s structure are linked. Using in situ analysis methods, like X-ray microcomputed tomography (µCT), the foam structure and its development can be observed and correlated to its properties. For this purpose, a device was designed at the Institute of Lightweight Engineering and Polymer Technology (ILK). Due to varying suspension temperature and the rate of pressure decrease it was possible to analyze the foam’s developmental stages for the first time. After successfully identifying the mechanism of foam creation and cell structure formation, process routes for tailored foams can be developed in future.

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