Tropical Oral Disease: Analysing Barriers, Burden, Nutrition, Economic Impact, and Inequalities

Traditionally, a healthy mouth is a good indicator of good general health. Poor oral hygiene reflects the health of the oral cavity and is a risk factor for overall health. Although oral diseases like dental decay and periodontitis are prevalent, awareness of oral diseases is still limited. Oral disorders include a wide range of diseases that may not be confined to the oral anatomical structures but may be manifestations of systemic diseases. Identification of the risk factors of dental and oral diseases, including socio-economic determinants, plays a major role in the type of oral health care, and in the promotion of dental health awareness. This article reviews oral diseases in the Caribbean and aims to raise awareness of this subject while suggesting a research agenda for the region.

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Oral health seeking behaviors of adults in Nebbi District, Uganda: a community-based survey

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01824-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Juliet Ocwia ◽

Ronald Olum ◽

Pamela Atim ◽

Florence Laker ◽

Jerom Okot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Dental Health ◽

Oral Disease ◽

Tooth Decay ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Health Seeking ◽

Dental Clinic ◽

Community Based ◽

Cost Of Treatment ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Dental health is often neglected by the majority of the population and has contributed to the global burden of oral diseases. We assessed awareness, utilization and barriers to seeking oral health care among adults in Nebbi District, Uganda. Methods A community-based, cross sectional study was conducted in the central division, Nebbi District in Uganda among adults between the age of 18 years or older. An interviewer-administered, semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection on socio-demographic characteristics, oral health awareness, oral health utilization, associated factors and barriers. Results A total of 400 adults with a median age of 32 years (interquartile range 24–43) years were enrolled. More than half (57.5%, n = 230) of the participants were female. Participants identified smoking (42.8%, n = 171) and consumption of sugary foodstuffs (29.0%, n = 116) as risk factors for oral disease. Not brushing was also identified by 260 participants (65.0%) as the cause of tooth decay and 95.8% (n = 383) believed brushing one’s teeth could prevent tooth decay. Of the 51.5% (n = 206) who had experienced a toothache or discomfort 12 months prior to the study but only about half (52%, n = 106) had sought healthcare from a dental clinic or facility. About 89.5% (n = 94) of the participants were able to see a dentist during their last visits. Dental carries (76.6%, n = 70) and gum bleeding (14.9%, n = 14) were the most frequent reasons for visiting a dental clinic, and 73.7% (n = 70) had their tooth extracted. Barriers to seeking oral healthcare were cost of treatment (47.5%, n = 190), and long waiting time (18.5%, n = 74). The odds of seeking oral healthcare was 2.8-fold higher in participants who were being married (Odds ratio (OR): 2.8, 95% CI 1.3–6.3, p = 0.011) and 3.5-fold higher among housewives (COR: 3.5, 95% CI 1.1–11.4, p = 0.040). Conclusion About half of the participants had sought healthcare following a dental condition. Cost of treatment seems to be an important factor affecting utilization of oral health services. Optimization of costs, and creating awareness regarding benefits of utilizing preventive dental services are recommended.

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Pengaruh Dental Health Education Cara Menyikat Gigi disertai Demonstrasi terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan Kebersihan Gigi pada Siswa Kelas V SDN Padangdangan 1

STOMATOGNATIC - Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi ◽

10.19184/stoma.v18i2.28059 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

Zakiyah Yasin

Keyword(s):

Health Education ◽

Dental Hygiene ◽

Dental Health ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Oral Disease ◽

Rank Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Dental Diseases ◽

The Right

Dental and oral disease are still become health problem in Indonesia. Dental and oral diseases greatly affect the degree of health, growth process and even the future of children. Data about dental diseases on Indonesian children, indicates that condition is already at worried stage. Research of effective health education about dental hygiene to toddler children needed. This study aim is to determine the influence of DHE against knowledge of dental hygiene on Grade V students in SDN Padangdangan 1. The method of this study was quasi experiment, use Pretest- Postest Control design. This study was conducted in SDN Padandangan 1 with total population was all of Grade V students in SDN Padandangan 1. The sampling technique in this study was total sampling with number of respondents was 32 divided by two groups, there were control group and implementation group. The data collected by using questionnaires. The result of this study shows that before DHE applicated to implementation group, students have less knowledge, that was 9 students (56,2%) and after DHE applicated, value of students’ knowledge was increase, that was 16 students (50,0%). The result of Willcoxon Sign Rank Test detired P = 0,005 (p<α), administering DHE through good and correct teeth rushing demonstration to Grade V students can increase the value of students’ knowledge. Dental health education is the right way to brush your teeth by using an interesting tool, such as phantom mannequin that can make attention from educator. Direct practice echnique is also involves many senses so the material from educator was more touches long erm memory.

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Whose Responsibility Is It Anyway? Exploring Barriers to Prevention of Oral Diseases across Europe

JDR Clinical & Translational Research ◽

10.1177/2380084420926972 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 96-108

Author(s):

H. Leggett ◽

J. Csikar ◽

K. Vinall-Collier ◽

G.V.A. Douglas

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Focus Groups ◽

User Satisfaction ◽

Paradigm Shift ◽

Dental Health ◽

Barriers And Facilitators ◽

Oral Disease ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Oral Disease Prevention

Introduction: Dental caries, gum disease, and tooth loss are all preventable conditions. However, many dental care systems remain treatment oriented rather than prevention oriented. This promotes the treatment of oral diseases over preventive treatments and advice. Exploring barriers to prevention and understanding the requirements of a paradigm shift are the first steps toward delivering quality prevention-focused health care. Objectives: To qualitatively explore perceived barriers and facilitators to oral disease prevention from a multistakeholder perspective across 6 European countries. Methods: A total of 58 interviews and 13 focus groups were undertaken involving 149 participants from the United Kingdom, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Ireland, and Hungary. Interviews and focus groups were conducted in each country in its native language between March 2016 and September 2017. Participants were patients ( n = 50), dental team members ( n = 39), dental policy makers( n = 33), and dental insurers ( n = 27). The audio was transcribed, translated, and analyzed via deductive thematic analysis. Results: Five broad themes emerged that were both barriers and facilitators: dental regulation, who provides prevention, knowledge and motivation, trust, and person-level factors. Each theme was touched on in all countries; however, cross-country differences were evident surrounding the magnitude of each theme. Conclusion: Despite the different strengths and weaknesses among the systems, those who deliver, organize, and utilize each system experience similar barriers to prevention. The findings suggest that across all 6 countries, prevention in oral health care is hindered by a complex interplay of factors, with no particular dental health system offering overall greater user satisfaction. Underlying the themes were sentiments of blame, whereby each group appeared to shift responsibility for prevention to other groups. To bring about change, greater teamwork is needed in the commissioning of prevention to engender its increased value by all stakeholders within the dental system. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results from this study provide an initial first step for those interested in exploring and working toward the paradigm shift to preventive focused dentistry. We also hope that these findings will encourage more research exploring the complex relationship among dental stakeholders, with a view to overcoming the barriers. In particular, these findings may be of use to dental public health researchers, dentists, and policy makers concerned with the prevention of oral diseases.

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Investigating Nutritional Behavior and Oral Health Habits among Adults and Children in Nοrth-Eastern Greece

Oral ◽

10.3390/oral1020007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 56-74

Author(s):

Alexandra Melissari ◽

Athanasios Alexopoulos ◽

Ioanna Mantzourani ◽

Stavros Plessas ◽

Chrissoula Voidarou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Dental Health ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Oral Disease ◽

Oral Microbiota ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Balanced Diet ◽

Key Factor ◽

Adults And Children ◽

Main Meal

The importance of the oral microbiota is strictly linked to global human health. When imbalance of the oral microbiota occurs, and it is characterized by shifts in bacterial composition and diversity; a state called dysbiosis is settled. There is an increasing amount of scientific evidence that this condition is associated with oral diseases caries, gingivitis and periodontitis. Diet seems to be a key factor for oral and dental health, impacting upon the oral microbiota. In an attempt to clarify the role of diet, as well as other implicating risk factors predisposing to oral disease, in the present study we enrolled an urban area of north-eastern Greece. Socio-demographical as well as hygienic and nutritional habits of a target group consisting of adult and children were entered in our study through a survey. People of the studied area are less interested in preventive and other dental therapies. Children and adults are less interested in healthy eating, yet they often consume sugary foods and often outside of their main meal. The partial shifting to the standard of the Mediterranean diet and less to the standard of the western type foods is notable. It is important to raise the awareness of both children and adults through strategical campaigns and education on oral health, oral hygiene and the benefits of a balanced diet.

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Soames' & Southam's Oral Pathology

10.1093/oso/9780199697786.001.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Max Robinson ◽

Keith Hunter ◽

Michael Pemberton ◽

Philip Sloan

Keyword(s):

Skin Diseases ◽

Oral Pathology ◽

Pathological Features ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Oral Medicine ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Facial Region ◽

Wide Range ◽

Cross Sectional Imaging ◽

Key Aspects

A sound understanding of clinical oral pathology is essential if a dental clinician is to navigate successfully through clinical guidelines, make timely referrals to specialists, and provide good care for patients. This new edition of Soames' & Southam's Oral Pathology provides a clear and friendly guide for students, practitioners, and the whole dental team. Thoroughly updated for today's clinical practice, this textbook covers 'must-know' oral pathology and integrates key aspects of oral medicine. It begins by explaining the principles of clinical assessment, the synthesis of a differential diagnosis, and the selection of further investigations including laboratory tests. Ten chapters bring this theory to life by looking at the clinical and pathological features of a wide range of common oral diseases including oral cancer, salivary gland disorders, and diseases of the jaws. Two new chapters address skin diseases affecting the oro-facial region and neck lumps. A final chapter highlights the importance of clinical oral pathology in the context of systemic human disease. New radiology content includes examples of cross-sectional imaging. Photomicrographs have been replaced with carefully selected images to illustrate key pathological features. Each chapter includes key points boxes and tables to aid learning. Written by experts in both oral pathology and oral medicine, this new edition is a must-have for dentistry students, and those working in the field, providing current and trustworthy information.

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Women and Slavery in the Nineteenth Century

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190222628.013.9 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Daina Ramey Berry ◽

Nakia D. Parker

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Black Women ◽

Gender And Sexuality ◽

Enslaved Women ◽

Chattel Slavery ◽

Wide Range ◽

Slave Traders ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Nineteenth Century United States ◽

Kinship Bonds

This chapter analyzes the lives of enslaved women in the nineteenth-century United States and the Caribbean, an era characterized by the massive expansion of the institution of chattel slavery. Framing the discussion through the themes of labor, commodification, sexuality, and resistance, this chapter highlights the wide range of lived experiences of enslaved women in the Atlantic World. Enslaved women’s productive and reproductive labor fueled the global machinery of capitalism and the market economy. Although enslaved women endured the constant exploitation and commodification of their bodies, many actively resisted their enslavement and carved out supportive and sustaining familial, marital, and kinship bonds. In addition, this essay explains how white, native, and black women could be complicit in the perpetuation of chattel slavery as enslavers and slave traders. Considering women in their roles as the oppressed and the oppressors contributes and expands historical understandings of gender and sexuality in relation to slavery.

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Prevalence and Correlates of Poor Oral Hygiene among School-Going Students in Mongolia

Dentistry Journal ◽

10.3390/dj9020012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 12

Author(s):

Javzan Badarch ◽

Suvd Batbaatar ◽

Edit Paulik

Keyword(s):

Health Promotion ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Fast Food ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Soft Drink ◽

Health Promotion Program ◽

Second Hand Smoke ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Poor Oral Hygiene ◽

Oral Health Promotion

Brushing at least twice a day is one of the most effective methods for the prevention of dental caries and oral diseases. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and correlates of poor oral hygiene in Mongolian school-going students. A secondary analysis of nationally representative data from the 2013 Mongolian Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS) was performed. In the survey, a questionnaire was completed by 5393 students aged 12–16 years old. The prevalence of poor oral hygiene and its association with some independent variables were analyzed by frequency distribution, chi-squared test, and logistic regression. The overall prevalence of poor oral hygiene was 33%. In the multivariate analysis, male students, inadequate fruit and vegetable intake, parents’ smoking, being exposed to second-hand smoke, poor parental supervision and connectedness, physical inactivity, and sedentary behavior were significantly associated with poor oral hygiene. Meanwhile, students who ate fast food and drank carbonated soft drink were found to be less likely to be poor tooth-brushers in 2013. Various determinants were identified in connection with poor oral hygiene. Based on these findings, it is recommended that an oral health promotion program should be combined with general health promotion and lifestyle intervention programs for this target population.

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Evaluation of Salivary Interleukin-1ß Levels and Oral Health in Pakistani Male Smokers

10.53350/pjmhs211561158 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 1158-1163

Author(s):

S. A. Hamza ◽

S. Asif ◽

S. A. H. Bokhari

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Low Income ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Saliva Sample ◽

Oral Disease ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Missing Teeth ◽

Significance Level ◽

Inflammatory Biomarker

Aim: Smoking induces changes in salivary inflammatory biomarker levels associated with oral diseases. This study status and explored association among salivary Interleukin-1β, oral diseases and smoking. Methods: Data of male smokers of a private institute recruited for a randomized clinical trial is analyzed for this paper. Demographic and systemic information were collected. Oral disease status was examined and saliva sample collected for IL-1β levels. IL-1β levels and other study variables were analyzed with respect to smoking status categorized into smoking years and cigarettes per day. The student's t-test and one-way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis using SPSS version 22) with significance level of p≤0.050. Results: Analysis of baseline data of seventy-eight smokers showed elevated levels of IL-1β with increasing smoking, higher BMI. Smoking was higher among aged, married and low-income individuals. Pearson partial correlation analysis, after controlling age, marital status, education, income, and BMI, demonstrated a positive significant relationship of smoking per day with smoking years; dental caries with missing teeth and calculus; gingivitis with missing teeth and calculus; periodontitis with dental caries, calculus and gingivitis. Conclusion: This analysis demonstrates that levels of IL-1β were raised in smokers, however; there was no association with oral disease parameters. Large studies may be conducted to observe status and association of smoking, oral disease and salivary biomarkers. Keywords: Smoking, Oral Health, IL-1β, Males

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Oral Health and Nutrition

10.2310/im.9038 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Carole. A. Palmer ◽

Zhangmuge Cheng

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Oral Disease ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Oral Infections ◽

Surgeon General ◽

Optimal Health ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Oral Conditions

Oral diseases are among the most prevalent diseases affecting global health. In his report on the crisis in oral disease in America, the Surgeon General warned that one cannot be truly healthy without oral health. Oral health means freedom from all oral health problems; tooth decay (dental caries), periodontal diseases, tooth loss, oral-facial pain, oral cancer and the effects of its treatment, oral infections, craniofacial birth defects and more. The relationships between oral conditions and systemic health and disease are many and synergistic, and most involve dietary and/or systemic nutritional factors. Diet and nutrition can play important roles in the etiology, prevention, and/or management of oral conditions, as they do in overall health and disease. Today, all health professionals and educators need to be aware of and consider oral issues and their possible diet/nutritional implications as a component of optimal health care and education. This review article provides a brief overview of how diet and nutrition impact and are impacted by oral conditions, and offers general guidelines and resources for providing meaningful interventions throughout the life cycle. This review contains 3 figures, 3 tables, and 57 references Key Words: biofilm, cariogenic, dental caries, dental plaque, ECC-early childhood caries, lactobacillus, mucositis, non-cariogenic, periodontal disease, Streptococcus mutans

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Helping auditors identify deception through psycholinguistics

Journal of Financial Crime ◽

10.1108/jfc-05-2017-0042 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 1062-1076 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rebecca Nicolaides ◽

Richard Trafford ◽

Russell Craig

Keyword(s):

Oral Language ◽

Research Agenda ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Bibliographic Databases ◽

Future Research ◽

Content Type ◽

Fraud Risk ◽

Critical Elements ◽

Future Research Agenda ◽

Wide Range

Purpose This paper reviews an array of psycholinguistic techniques that auditors can deploy to explore written and oral language for signs of deception. The review is drawn upon to propose some elements of a forward research agenda. Design/methodology/approach Relevant literature across several disciplines is identified through keyword searches of major bibliographic databases. Findings The techniques highlighted have considerable potential for use by auditors to identify audit contexts which merit closer audit investigation. However, the techniques need further contextual empirical investigation in audit contexts. Seven specific propositions are presented for empirical testing. Originality/value This paper assembles literature on deceptive communication from a wide range of disciplines and relates it to the audit context. Auditors’ attention is directed to potential linguistic signals of fraud risk, and opportunities for future research are suggested. The paper is consciousness-raising, has pedagogic purpose and suggests critical elements for a future research agenda.

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