Effects of Dietary Supplementation With Clostridium butyricum on the Amelioration of Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation, and Rumen Microbiota of Holstein Heifers

In China, the use of antibiotics growth promoters as feed additives has been banned. The goal of raising dairy heifers is to gain a relatively high body weight on a high-fiber diet at first mating or calving, thus increasing economic benefits. The objective of this experiment was to explore the effects of supplemental Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) on growth performance, rumen fermentation and microbiota, and blood parameters in Holstein heifers. Twenty Holstein heifers [mean ± standard deviation (SD); age = 182 ± 4.20 d, body weight = 197.53 ± 5.94 kg, dry matter intake (DMI) = 6.10 ± 0.38 kg] were randomly assigned to one of two diets group for a 42-day feeding period: (1) basal diet (an untreated control group, i.e., the CON group) or (2) basal diet plus daily 2 × 108 (colony-forming unit, CFU) of C. butyricum per kg of DMI per heifer (the CB group). The results demonstrated that C. butyricum supplementation increased the average daily gain from d 21 to 42 and DMI compared to the control group. Supplementation with C. butyricum significantly decreased the molar proportion of acetate and the acetate to propionate ratio but increased the molar proportion of butyrate and propionate. Compared with the control group, the relative abundance of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminobacter amylophilus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Streptococcus bovis increased during the trial period in the CB group. However, C. butyricum had no significant effect on the blood parameters in Holstein heifers. In conclusion, these results show that feeding C. butyricum can improve growth performance and rumen fermentation without any negative impact on blood parameters in Holstein heifers.

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Dietary Supplementation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clostridium butyricum and Their Combination Ameliorate Rumen Fermentation and Growth Performance of Heat-Stressed Goats

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11072116 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 2116

Author(s):

Liyuan Cai ◽

Jiangkun Yu ◽

Rudy Hartanto ◽

Desheng Qi

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Propionic Acid ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Clostridium Butyricum ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Control Group

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and their combination on rumen fermentation and growth performance of heat-stressed goats. Twelve heat-stressed goats (20.21 ± 2.30 kg) were divided equally into four groups: control group (CG, fed the basal diet, Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplemented group (SC, 0.60% Saccharomyces cerevisiae added to the basal diet), Clostridium butyricum supplemented group (CB, 0.05% Clostridium butyricum added to the basal diet), and their combination supplemented group (COM 0.60% Saccharomyces cerevisiae and 0.05% Clostridium butyricum added to the basal diet) and were assigned to a 4 × 3 incomplete Latin square design. The rumen fluid and feces were collected for fermentation parameters and feed digestibility analysis, and animal growth performance was also assessed during all the experiment periods. The results showed that rumen pH, rumen cellulolytic enzymes (avicelase, CMCaes, cellobiase, and xylanase) activities, and the concentrations of rumen total volatile fatty acid (TVFA), acetic acid, and propionic acid were significantly increased with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clostridium butyricum, and their combination supplementation (p < 0.05). Besides, the dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), and the digestibility of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acidic detergent fiber (ADF) were significantly increased (p < 0.05) with supplemented these probiotics. However, the ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration only significantly increased in CB and A/P ratio (acetic acid to propionic acid ratio) only significantly increased in SC and CB. These results indicated that the supplementation with these probiotics could ameliorate rumen fermentation and growth performance of heat-stressed goats.

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Effect of methionine supplementation on the growth performance of rabbit

Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.3329/bjas.v42i1.15777 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 40-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S Yesmin ◽

ME Uddin ◽

R Chacrabati ◽

M Al-Mamun

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Control Group ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Methionine Supplementation ◽

Four Levels

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of methionine supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and growth performance of growing rabbit. Sixteen weaned crossbred New Zealand White (NZW) growing rabbits (30-35 d) were distributed into four treatment groups having four replications in each group using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Basal diet composed of green grass (dhal grass) and concentrate mixture which was offered ad libitum basis for 56 days period. Four levels of methionine such as 0.0% (control), 0.15%, 0.25%, and 0.35% were supplemented randomly to rabbits. Results showed that supplementation of methionine did not affect green grass intake. Cumulative as well as daily concentrate and DM intake were significantly (p<0.05) higher for all methionine groups than control group. Final body weight gain as well as daily, weekly and cumulative body weight gains were improved significantly with increasing level of methionine. It was found that methionine had significant (p<0.01) effect on digestibility of DM, CP, NFE and EE but CF digestibility did not differ significantly. Digestibility was improved with increasing the level of methionine. Feed conversion ratio also decreased significantly with methionine supplementation, and 0.25% methionine group showed the best performance among the four treatments. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i1.15777 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (1): 40 43

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Are the energy matrix values of the different feed additives in broiler chicken diets could be summed?

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s12917-020-02600-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Abdallah E. Metwally ◽

Ahmed A. A. Abdel-Wareth ◽

Ahmed A. Saleh ◽

Shimaa A. Amer

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Economic Efficiency ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Control Group ◽

Energy Matrix ◽

Degrading Enzymes

Abstract Background The aim of this study is to investigate whether the energy matrix values of the nonstarch polysaccharide- (NSP-) degrading enzymes, bioemulsifier (LYSOFORTE®), guanidinoacetic acid (CreAMINO®), or their combinations could be summed. The effects of these additives on the growth performance, carcass traits, and economic value of the broiler chicken diets were evaluated. A total of 525-one-day-old Ross chicks with an initial body weight of 42.96 ± 0.87 g were haphazardly allocated into seven groups with five replicates. The seven experimental treatments are as follows: (1) basal diet with no additives (breeder recommendation), which is the control group, (2) basal diet minus 100 kcal/kg supplemented with 0.02% NSP-degrading enzymes (NSP), (3) basal diet minus 50 kcal/kg supplemented with 0.025% emulsifier (LYSOFORTE®), (4) basal diet minus 50 kcal/kg supplemented with 0.06% guanidinoacetic acid (CreAMINO®), (5) basal diet minus 150 kcal/kg supplemented with a mixture of NSP and LYSOFORTE® (NSPL), (6) basal diet minus 100 kcal/kg supplemented with a mixture of NSP and CreAMINO® (NSPC), and (7) basal diet minus 200 kcal/kg supplemented with a mixture of NSP, LYSO, and CreAMINO® (NSPLC). The experiment lasted for 35 days. Results It was found that the final body weight, body weight gain, and relative growth rate were significantly higher in birds fed diets supplemented with NSPL, NSPC, CreAMINO, and LYSO with the reduced energy matrix value. The overall feed conversion ratio was significantly improved due to the supplementation of NSPC, CreAMINO, NSPL, and LYSO with the reduced energy matrix value compared to the control group. Moreover, no significant effect on the carcass criteria was observed by the different treatments. As a result of the dietary supplementation with NSPL, NSPC, CreAMINO®, and LYSO with the reduced energy matrix value, the net profit, total return, economic efficiency, and performance index were increased and the cost of feed per kg of body weight gain was decreased. Conclusion The energy matrix value of NSPL, NSPC, CreAMINO®, and LYSOFORTE could be established in the diets of broiler chickens to improve the growth performance and economic efficiency.

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Administration of garlic and neem in broiler diet for safe meat production

Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.3329/bjas.v48i2.46766 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 116-126

Author(s):

R Islam ◽

MM Hossain ◽

F Nargis ◽

ME Hossain

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Feed Additives ◽

The Body ◽

The Other ◽

Control Group ◽

Meat Production ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Broiler Production

This study was conducted to observe the effect of different administration method of garlic and neem on growth performances, feed efficiency and serum biochemical parameters for safe broiler production. The experiment was done for a period of 32 days with 384 one-day-old straight run broiler chicks. The broiler chicks were divided into six groups each of 64 birds and replicated to four subgroups each of 16 birds. The dietary groups were; control (basal diet; no additives), antibiotic (basal diet + antibiotic), garlic in feed (basal diet + 0.25% garlic powder), garlic in water (basal diet + garlic extracts), neem in feed (basal diet + 0.25% neem powder) and neem in water (basal diet + neem extracts). Results showed that the body weight and body weight gain increased significantly (P<0.05) in both the garlic and neem groups compared to the control group. Feed intake was not different (P>0.05) among the treatment groups. Garlic in feed and water and neem in feed groups showed better FCR (P<0.05) compared to the other treatment groups. There were no significant (P>0.05) difference in meat yield, bone development and dressing parameters except head and gizzard in different dietary groups. Supplementation of garlic with feed and water significantly (P<0.05) decrease cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL compared to the other groups. However, both the garlic and neem groups showed numerically higher HDL compare to the control group. There were no 0significant (P>0.05) differences in serum glucose and GPT among different treatment groups. GOT was significantly (P<0.05) lower in neem groups than that of garlic and antibiotic groups. Additive groups showed higher profitability than control group. Based on the results of the study, it may be suggested that the garlic and neem could be used both in feed and water as potential feed additives for safe broiler production. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2019. 48 (2): 116-126

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Short communication: Growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood parameters of fattening lambs fed diet replacing corn with orange pulp

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5424/sjar/2017151-9078 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. e06SC01 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Saman Lashkari ◽

Akbar Taghizadeh ◽

Hamid Paya ◽

Søren K. Jensen

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Linear Increase ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Control Group ◽

Quadratic Effect ◽

Orange Pulp

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of replacing corn with orange pulp (OP) on growth performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility and blood parameters of fattening lambs. Twenty male lambs were placed in individual pens and fed with four levels of replacement of corn by OP (0, 33, 66, 100%) during 60 days. Average daily gain (ADG) showed a quadratic effect (p<0.007) with the increasing levels of replacement. Inclusion of 33 and 66% of OP in the diet significantly increased dry matter intake (DMI) compared to control group (p<0.01). Ruminal ammonia-N concentration showed a linear decrease (p<0.002). Ruminal fluid pH increased linearly with the increasing replacement of corn by OP (p<0.001). Acetate concentration showed a linear increase (p<0.001). Plasma total protein showed a linear increase (p<0.002). Organic matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber showed a quadratic effect with the level of replacement. The results of the present study showed that replacement of corn by OP improves DMI of fattening lambs, leading to an enhancement in ADG at the replacement level of 40.3%. Also, total replacement of corn by OP did not have any adverse effect on growth performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility and blood parameters.

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Effects of mushroom waster medium and stalk residues on the growth performance and oxidative status in broilers

Animal Bioscience ◽

10.5713/ajas.19.0889 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 265-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Y. C. Hsieh ◽

W. C. Lin ◽

W. Y. Chuang ◽

M. H. Chen ◽

S. C. Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Control Group ◽

Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽

Antioxidant Genes ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Functional Components

Objective: The study developed mushroom stalk residues as feed additives in the broiler diet for improving the growth performance and immunity of broilers as well as to increase the value of mushroom stalk residues.Methods: In total, 300 ROSS 308 broilers were randomly allocated into fifteen pens with five dietary treatments: i) control, basal diet; ii) CMWM, supplemented with 1% Cordyceps militaris waster medium (CM); iii) CMPE, supplemented with 0.5% CM+0.5% Pleurotus eryngii stalk residue (PE); iv) CMPS, supplemented with 0.5% CM+0.5% Pleurotus sajorcaju stalk residue (PS); v) CMFV, supplemented with 0.5% CM+0.5% Fammulina velutipes stalk residue (FV).Results: The chemical analysis results showed that CM extracts, PE extracts, PS extracts, and FV extracts contain functional components such as polysaccharides and phenols and have both 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydrazyl‐hydrate scavenging and Ferrous scavenging capacities. The group CMWM saw increased body weight gain and feed conversion rate and the promotion of jejunum villus growth, but there is no significant difference in the intestinal bacteria phase. Antioxidant genes in the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)- antioxidant responsive element pathway among the groups are significantly higher than that of the control group, especially in group CMWM.Conclusion: The mushroom stalk residues have antioxidant functional components, can improve the intestinal health and body weight gain of chickens, and can activate the antioxidant pathway of Nrf2 to increase the heme oxygenase-1 expression. The treatment with 1% CM was the most promising as a feed additive.

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Garlic skin induced shifts in the rumen microbiome and metabolome of fattening sheep

10.21203/rs.3.rs-60203/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wen Zhu ◽

Zhen Su ◽

Wei Xu ◽

Hanxue Sun ◽

Jinfeng Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Control Group ◽

Rumen Microbiome ◽

Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽

Α Diversity ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract Background Garlic and its constituents exhibit activities on modifying rumen fermentation and improving growth performance. As a by-product of garlic processing, garlic skin contains similar bioactive components as garlic bulb. However, studies in ruminants using garlic skin are scarce. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of garlic skin supplementation on rumen fermentation characterizes, growth performance, ruminal microbes and metabolites in ruminants. Twelve Hu lambs were randomly assigned into one of two treatments: basal diet (CON) or basal diet supplemented with 80 g/kg DM of gallic skin (GAS). The experiment lasted for10 weeks, with the first 2 weeks for adaptation. Results The results revealed that the average daily gain and volatile fatty acid concentration were higher (P < 0.05) in lambs fed GAS than that in the control group. Garlic skin supplementation did not significantly (P > 0.10) affect the α-diversity indices. Increased (P < 0.05) abundances of Prevotella, Bulleidia, Howardella, Methanosphaera but a decreased (P < 0.05) abundance of Fretibacterium were observed in GAS-fed lambs. In addition, the garlic skin supplementation favorably regulated (P < 0.05) pyrimidine metabolism, purine metabolism, vitamin B6 and B1 metabolism. Moreover, high correlations were observed between fluctuant rumen microbiota and metabolites. Conclusions Supplementation of garlic skin improved the growth performance of sheep by modifying rumen fermentation through inducing shifts in the rumen microbiome and metabolome.

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Sodium Humate And Glutamine Combined Supplementation Alleviate Diarrhea of Weaned Calves Via Alter Intestinal Microbiota And Metabolites

10.21203/rs.3.rs-593416/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dong Wang ◽

Yuanyi Du ◽

Haotian Jia ◽

Siqi Huang ◽

Lei Lei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Intestinal Microbiome ◽

Control Group ◽

Diarrhea Incidence ◽

Combined Supplementation ◽

Similar Body ◽

Fecal Score

Abstract Background: Weaning is one of the most stressful periods that cause gastrointestinal tract dysfunction and diarrhea in calves. HNa and Gln were reported to exert beneficial effects on promoting growth performance, decreasing diarrhea incidence, and modulating intestinal microbiota in animals. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of HNa and Gln combined supplementation on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, serum parameters, intestinal microbiome, and metabolites of weaned calves.Results: In Exp. 1, 40 calves at 51±3 days of age with similar body weight (66.82±4.31 kg) were randomly assigned to 4 treatments fed with a basal diet (NC group), and a basal diet supplemented with 100 mL of 1%, 3%, or 5% HNa+1% Gln, twice daily, respectively. In a 21-day trial, calves on the 5% HNa+1% Gln group had higher ADG and lower fecal score and diarrhea incidence than those in the control group (P < 0.05). In Exp. 2, 20 calves at 51±3 days of age with similar body weight (69.37±6.28 kg) were randomly assigned to 2 treatments fed with a basal diet (NC group) and a basal diet supplemented with 100 mL of 5% HNa+1% Gln, twice daily (H+G group, the dose was obtained from Exp. 1). In a 21-day trial, calves supplemented with HNa and Gln had higher final BW and ADG, serum IgG concentration and GSH-Px and T-AOC activities, but lower fecal score, diarrhea incidence, as well as serum DAO, D-lac, TNF-α, and MDA concentrations compared to NC group (P < 0.05). Analysis of intestinal microbiota indicated that supplemented with HNa and Gln significantly increased the abundance of phyla Firmicutes and genus of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Olsenella, Ruminiclostridium 9, Howardella, and uncultured organism, whereas the abundance of phyla Bacteroidetes, genus of Helicobacter and Lachnoclostridium were decreased as compared with NC group. Moreover, untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed that supplemented with HNa and Gln altered 18 metabolites and enriched 6 KEGG pathways (primary fatty acid biosynthesis) compared to the NC group. Conclusions: This study showed that combined supplemented with HNa and Gln could decrease diarrhea of weaned calves, which may be associated with improved intestinal microbial ecology and altered metabolism profile.

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Supplementation with sodium butyrate improves rumen fermentation, antioxidant capability, and immune function in dairy calves before weaning

10.21203/rs.3.rs-25876/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wenhui Liu ◽

A La Teng Zhu La ◽

Alexander Evans ◽

Shengtao Gao ◽

Zhongtang Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Body Weight ◽

Immune Function ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Sodium Butyrate ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Control Group ◽

Quadratic Effect ◽

Treatment Groups

Abstract Background Short-chain fatty acids including butyrate have received increasing research interest as potential alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in animal production. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementation of sodium butyrate (SB) on the growth performance, rumen fermentation, antioxidant capacity, and immune response of calves before weaning. Healthy Holstein female calves (4-day-old; 40 ± 5 kg of body weight) were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatment groups (n = 10 per group). The control group was fed no SB (SB0), while the other groups were supplemented with 2% (SB2), 4% (SB4), or 6% (SB6) of SB/kg of dry matter. All calves were housed in individual hutches. Results The SB supplementation enhanced growth rate and improved feed conversion into body weight gain compared with the SB0 group. At 60 days of age, the rumen fluid pH increases quadratically with increased SB supplementation, and the ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration of rumen fluid in the treatment groups were significantly lower than that of the SB0 group. There was a quadratic effect that indicated that the SB4 treatment was most effective in reducing the NH3-N concentration. The concentration of volatile fatty acids and Acetic: Propionic in rumen fluid were not affected by SB in any groups. At 28 days of age, the serum level of maleic dialdehyde of the SB groups was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the glutathione peroxidase activity in the serum of group SB4 was significantly increased compared with the that of the control group. At 28 days of age, SB had a quadratic effect on serum immunoglobulin A concentration, with the greatest increase being observed in group SB4. At 60 days of age, the serum immunoglobulin G concentration increased linearly as SB levels increased. Conclusions Under the conditions of this study, there were positive effects of SB supplementation on growth performance, rumen fermentation, antioxidant ability, and immune function in calves before weaning. We recommended 4% as the optimal SB supplementation level to improve growth, antioxidant and immune function of calves before weaning.

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Effect of Dietary Curcumin on the Growth Performance, Serum Antioxidation and Meat Quality of Ducks (Anas Platyrhynchos)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-58095/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sanjun Jin ◽

Hao Yang ◽

Fangju Liu ◽

Xinping Diao ◽

Qian Pang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Lipid Oxidation ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Volatile Compounds ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Breast Muscle ◽

Control Group ◽

Final Body Weight

Abstract Background: With increasing of duck meat among consumers, the demand for growth performance and the meat quality health of ducks in increasing. Dietary curcumin altered the growth performance and meat quality. However, study on the effect of dietary curcumin on the growth performance, serum antioxidation and meat quality of ducks. This study invested effects of dietary curcumin given to ducks on the growth performance, antioxidation capacity in plasma, meat quality, lipid oxidation and the concentration of volatile compounds in duck breast muscle. A total of 600 healthy ducks with similar body weight were randomly allotted into 4 groups with 10 replicates per group and 15 ducks per replicate. Ducks were fed experimental diets which the curcumin supplemental levels were 0, 300, 400 and 500 mg curcumin/kg basic fed, respectively. The experiment lasted for 10 weeks. Results: Results showed that dietary supplementation of curcumin at levels 300, 400 and 500 mg/kg dietary (P < 0.05) improved the average final body weight. The ducks fed the basal diet without curcumin supplementation had the lowest FI (P > 0.05) and highest FCR (P > 0.05) among all ducks. Feeding ducks on diets supplemented with curcumin at each level significantly increased (P < 0.05) plasma activity of T-SOD and GSH-Px, and significantly reduced plasma MDA concentration compared to the control group. The dietary curcumin significantly increased the growth performance and the antioxidation capacity in plasma of ducks. Dietary curcumin improved the meat quality of ducks by significantly increasing pH45, pH24 (P < 0.05) and color of duck meat (P < 0.05), and significantly decreasing cooking loss (P < 0.05), shear force (P < 0.05), and the lipid oxidation of duck meat. 56 volatile compounds were identified and quantified. Interestingly, cantharidin among volatile compounds was firstly found in duck muscle, and only existed in the group of 500 mg curcumin/kg diet. Conclusions: In conclusion, the supplementation of duck diets with curcumin at 300, 400, and 500 mg/kg diet improved growth performance, antioxidant status and meat quality of ducks. The cantharidin was firstly found in duck breast muscle when the dietary curcumin inclusion of 500 mg/kg.

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