scholarly journals Advances in Optical Aptasensors for Early Detection and Diagnosis of Various Cancer Types

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qurat ul ain Zahra ◽  
Qaiser Ali Khan ◽  
Zhaofeng Luo
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis ◽  
Cancerous Cells ◽  
Early Detection And Diagnosis

Cancer is a life-threatening concern worldwide. Sensitive and early-stage diagnostics of different cancer types can make it possible for patients to get through the best available treatment options to combat this menace. Among several new detection methods, aptamer-based biosensors (aptasensors) have recently shown promising results in terms of sensitivity, identification, or detection of either cancerous cells or the associated biomarkers. In this mini-review, we have summarized the most recent (2016–2020) developments in different approaches belonging to optical aptasensor technologies being widely employed for their simple operation, sensitivity, and early cancer diagnostics. Finally, we shed some light on limitations, advantages, and current challenges of aptasensors in clinical diagnostics, and we elaborated on some future perspectives.

Radiomics, aptamers and nanobodies: New insights in cancer diagnostics and imaging

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Abdullah O. Alamoudi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Molecular Imaging Agents ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Early Tumor ◽  
Near Future

At present, cancer is a major health issue and the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. Researchers have been working hard on investigating not only improved therapeutics but also on early detection methods, both critical to increasing treatment efficacy and developing methods for disease prevention. Diagnosis of cancers at an early stage can promote timely medical intervention and effective treatment and will result in inhibiting tumor growth and development. Several advances have been made in the diagnostics and imagining technologies for early tumor detection and deciding an effective therapy these include radiomics, nanobodies, and aptamers. Here in this review, we summarize the main applications of radiomics, aptamers, and the use of nanobody-based probes for molecular imaging applications in diagnosis, treatment planning, and evaluations in the field of oncology to develop quantitative and personalized medicine. The preclinical data reported to date are quite promising, and it is predicted that nanobody-based molecular imaging agents will play an important role in the diagnosis and management of different cancer types in near future.

scholarly journals A Novel System for the Identification of Diabetic Retinopathy using Computer Based Statistical Classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 4044-4059
Author(s):  
Sunil S S Et.al
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Statistical Classification ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Early Detection And Diagnosis

Diabetes Retinopathy (DR) is an eye disorder that affects the human retina due to increased insulin levels in the blood. Early detection and diagnosis of DR is essential in the optimal treatment of diabetic patients. The current research is to develop controls for identifying different characteristics and differences in colour  retina and using different classifications. This therapeutic approach describes diabetes recovery from data collected from multiple fields including DRIDB0, DRIDB1, MESSIDOR, STARE and HRF. Here  machine learning, neural networks and deep learning algorithms issues are addressed with related topics such as Sensitivity, Precision, Accuracy, Error,   Specificity and F1-score, Mathews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) and coefficient of kappa are compared. Finally due to the deep learning strategy the results were more effective compared to other methods. The system can help ophthalmologists, to identify the symptoms of diabetes at an early stage, for better treatment and to improve the quality of life biology.

scholarly journals A Validation Study of an AFP Whole Blood One-Step Rapid Home Detection Kit in Screening for HCC

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Community Residents ◽  
One Step ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis ◽  
Early Detection And Diagnosis

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still a main cause of cancer-related death in China. Early detection and diagnosis may increase the likelihood of curing the HCC. Dynamic monitoring AFP levels can be a surveillance indicator to detect early-stage HCC. However, to our disappointment, most people with chronic liver diseases do not test AFP levels regularly for a variety of reasons. The AFP whole blood one-step rapid home detection kit, with a high sensetivity and specifitivity, can be used to test AFP levels periodically by community residents with chronic hepatitis B. This can make it possible to detect, diagnose and treat HCC much earlier. This research aimed to verify the previous studies on the kit’s performance, characteristic, application and usage. The result was that the positive accordance rate and the negative accordance rate of the AFP whole blood one-step rapid home detection kit and ARCHITECT AFP were 96.77% (90/93) and 97.94% (95/97). The rapid home detection kit is introduced and popularized to apply into screening and diagnosing early-stage HCC in community individuals with chronic liver diseases, which is meaningful to achieving the goal of reducing mortality in patients with HCC to a great extent.

Cholangiocarcinomas: A study of patient and disease characteristics and the potential use of tumor molecular profiling.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 270-270
Author(s):  
Petra Prins ◽  
Jeff Riskin ◽  
Karina Charipova ◽  
Michelle Dea ◽  
Ben Furlong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Molecular Profiling ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Comprehensive Cancer Center ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Clinical Records

270 Background: There are approximately 12,000 new cases of cholangiocarcinoma in the US annually and, as for most GI cancers, the incidence is rising each year. Unfortunately treatment options are limited and surgery is only a possible curative option if the disease is diagnosed at an early stage (5 yr. survival, 20-30 %). Molecular profiling may play a crucial role in the discovery of new (early) biomarkers and treatment options for cholangiocarcinoma. Methods: Clinical records 104 cholangiocarcinoma patients (pts) at the Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center were reviewed. Only pts that had received surgical therapy were eligible for study. Variables collected included pt demographics, initial disease stage, tumor differentiation, and clinical (pre-existing) conditions. Tumor recurrence and pt survival from time of surgery was evaluated. Molecular profiling data was analyzed when present. Results: In our cohort we identified 41 pts with cholangiocarcinoma who underwent surgery at LCCC. Clinical data was as follows: 20 males and 21 females. Average BMI at diagnosis was 25.8 kg/m2. Twelve pts had extrahepatic cancer, 20 intrahepatic, 5 gallbladder, 3 Hilar and 1 combined hepatocellular and bile duct cancer. Most tumors were stage T2 or T3 (61%), and were moderately (71%) to poorly differentiated (22%). Vascular or perineural invasion was identified in 46% of cases. Thirty-four percent and 37% had diabetes and hyperlipidemia, respectively. Tumor recurrence had occurred in 13 cases (32%), and median time to recurrence was 8.5 months (m). Median OS from surgery was 10.5 m (to date, 4 pts > 36 m). Molecular profiles were obtained in 5 cases. Most frequently observed genetic mutations were related to tumor suppression (PTEN, 4 cases) and DNA synthesis, repair, and regulation (TOP2A [3x], TOPO1 [2x], TP53 [2x]). Conclusions: Five-year survival rates for cholangiocarcinomas are low. To improve outcomes, improved early detection methods and better treatment options are urgently needed. Increasing the frequency of molecular profiling can result in new prognostic biomarkers as well as the potential for new treatment ideas.

scholarly journals Novel Treatment Strategy for Patients with Venom-Induced Consumptive Coagulopathy from a Pit Viper Bite

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Jung Park ◽  
Sangchun Choi ◽  
Hyuk-Hoon Kim ◽  
Yoon Seok Jung
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Fresh Frozen Plasma ◽  
Coagulation Cascade ◽  
Clotting Factors ◽  
Consumptive Coagulopathy ◽  
Hemostatic Resuscitation ◽  
Coagulation Tests ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Life Threatening

Pit viper venom commonly causes venom-induced consumptive coagulopathy (VICC), which can be complicated by life-threatening hemorrhage. VICC has a complex pathophysiology affecting multiple steps of the coagulation pathway. Early detection of VICC is challenging because conventional blood tests such as prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) are unreliable for early-stage monitoring of VICC progress. As the effects on the coagulation cascade may differ, even in the same species, the traditional coagulation pathways cannot fully explain the mechanisms involved in VICC or may be too slow to have any clinical utility. Antivenom should be promptly administered to neutralize the lethal toxins, although its efficacy remains controversial. Transfusion, including fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, and specific clotting factors, has also been performed in patients with bleeding. The effectiveness of viscoelastic monitoring in the treatment of VICC remains poorly understood. The development of VICC can be clarified using thromboelastography (TEG), which shows the procoagulant and anticoagulant effects of snake venom. Therefore, we believe that TEG may be able to be used to guide hemostatic resuscitation in victims of VICC. Here, we aim to discuss the advantages of TEG by comparing it with traditional coagulation tests and propose potential treatment options for VICC.

scholarly journals DNA Methylation as a Noninvasive Epigenetic Biomarker for the Detection of Cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Leygo ◽  
Marissa Williams ◽  
Hong Chuan Jin ◽  
Michael W. Y. Chan ◽  
Wai Kit Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarker ◽  
Conclusive Diagnosis

In light of the high incidence and mortality rates of cancer, early and accurate diagnosis is an important priority for assigning optimal treatment for each individual with suspected illness. Biomarkers are crucial in the screening of patients with a high risk of developing cancer, diagnosing patients with suspicious tumours at the earliest possible stage, establishing an accurate prognosis, and predicting and monitoring the response to specific therapies. Epigenetic alterations are innovative biomarkers for cancer, due to their stability, frequency, and noninvasive accessibility in bodily fluids. Epigenetic modifications are also reversible and potentially useful as therapeutic targets. Despite this, there is still a lack of accurate biomarkers for the conclusive diagnosis of most cancer types; thus, there is a strong need for continued investigation to expand this area of research. In this review, we summarise current knowledge on methylated DNA and its implications in cancer to explore its potential as an epigenetic biomarker to be translated for clinical application. We propose that the identification of biomarkers with higher accuracy and more effective detection methods will enable improved clinical management of patients and the intervention at early-stage disease.

scholarly journals Early-Stage Detection of Cancer in Breast Using Artificial Intelligence

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 2016-2028
Author(s):  
M.N. Vimal Kumar ◽  
S. Aakash Ram ◽  
C. Shobana Nageswari ◽  
C. Raveena ◽  
S. Rajan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Deep Learning Algorithm ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Abnormal Cells ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis ◽  
Early Detection And Diagnosis

One of the deadly diseases among humans is Cancer, which occurs almost anywhere in the human body. Cancer is caused by the cells that spread into the surrounding tissues by dividing itself uncontrollably. Breast Cancer is the most common cancer among women. Early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer are treatable and curable. Many women have no symptoms for this cancer at an early stage. The abnormal cells in the breast will risk for the development of breast cancer. So, it is important for women to regularly examine their breast. Technologies can be utilized in a smarter way with Artificial Intelligence techniques to assist the women during their examination of the breast at their living place to avoid the risk of breast cancer. The main aim is to develop a lowcost self-examining device for the detection of breast cancer and abnormality in the breast using an efficient optical method, Deep-learning algorithm and Internet of Things.

scholarly journals Diabetes Prediction System using Classification Techniques & Healthcare Consultation using Artificial Intelligence

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-198
Author(s):  
Jeyarani Periyasamy ◽  
Muqaddas Rahim ◽  
Kalaimagal Ramakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Functional System ◽  
Online Consultation ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Knowledge Discovery In Database ◽  
Diabetes Prediction ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Late Detection

Diabetes is a global diseases that has affected over 388 million people and cause many deaths and serious condition. This is due to the late detection and diagnosis of the disease as it causes a delay in treatment and becomes harder to prevent it from worsening. It is important to detect the disease at an early stage and start early treatment to prevent it from becoming life-threatening. The aim of this project is to produce a system that can accurately predict the disease in real-time for the user and provide online consultation by doctors and chatbots which will help prevent major illnesses in future. The project targets anyone who may want to check whether they have the disease or not. It also serves as a platform for doctors to provide online consultation to their clients. The project will follow the Knowledge Discovery in Database approach. Implementing the system will reduce time consumption, produce real-time results cost-freely & early detection of diabetes. The project is expected to produce a functional system which accurately predicts diabetes based on the data entered in real-time to minimize visits to clinics and cut the cost of the test while providing online health consultation.

An Overview of Dementias

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Venkata Vijaya K. Dalai ◽  
Jason E. Childress ◽  
Paul E Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Common ◽  
Neurodegenerative Dementias ◽  
Made In

Dementia is a major public health concern that afflicts an estimated 24.3 million people worldwide. Great strides are being made in order to better diagnose, prevent, and treat these disorders. Dementia is associated with multiple complications, some of which can be life-threatening, such as dysphagia. There is great variability between dementias in terms of when dysphagia and other swallowing disorders occur. In order to prepare the reader for the other articles in this publication discussing swallowing issues in depth, the authors of this article will provide a brief overview of the prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, current treatment options, and implications for eating for the common forms of neurodegenerative dementias.

Detection of Leukemia Using Image Processing

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
A. Sivasangari ◽  
G. Sasikumar
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Blood Disorders ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Early Detection And Diagnosis

Leukemia   disease   is one   of    the   leading   causes   of death   among   human. Its  cure  rate and  prognosis   depends   mainly   on  the  early  detection   and  diagnosis  of   the  disease. At  the  moment, identification  of  blood  disorders  is  through   visual  inspection  of  microscopic  images  by  examining  changes  like  texture, geometry, colour  and   statistical  analysis  of  images . This  project  aims  to  preliminary  of  developing  a  detection  of  leukemia  types  using   microscopic  blood  sample using MATLAB. Images  are  used  as  they  are  cheap  and  do  not  expensive  for testing  and  lab  equipment.

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