scholarly journals The Robustness of Interdependent Directed Networks With Intra-layer Angular Correlations

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongning Wu ◽  
Zengru Di ◽  
Ying Fan
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Process ◽  
Directed Networks ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Angular Correlations ◽  
Interdependent Networks ◽  
Targeted Attacks ◽  
Network Geometry ◽  
Degree Correlations ◽  
Empirical Networks ◽  
The Impact

The robustness of interdependent networks is a frontier topic in current network science. A line of studies has so far been investigated in the perspective of correlated structures on robustness, such as degree correlations and geometric correlations in interdependent networks, in-out degree correlations in interdependent directed networks, and so on. Advances in network geometry point that hyperbolic properties are also hidden in directed structures, but few studies link those features to the dynamical process in interdependent directed networks. In this paper, we discuss the impact of intra-layer angular correlations on robustness from the perspective of embedding interdependent directed networks into hyperbolic space. We find that the robustness declines as increasing intra-layer angular correlations under targeted attacks. Interdependent directed networks without intra-layer angular correlations are always robust than those with intra-layer angular correlations. Moreover, empirical networks also support our findings: the significant intra-layer angular correlations are hidden in real interdependent directed networks and contribute to the prediction of robustness. Our work sheds light that the impact of intra-layer angular correlations should be attention, although in-out degree correlations play a positive role in robustness. In particular, it provides an early warning indicator by which the system decoded the intrinsic rules for designing efficient and robust interacting directed networks.

scholarly journals Breakdown of interdependent directed networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 1138-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueming Liu ◽  
H. Eugene Stanley ◽  
Jianxi Gao
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Real World ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
World Systems ◽  
Directed Networks ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Interdependent Networks ◽  
Degree Correlations

Increasing evidence shows that real-world systems interact with one another via dependency connectivities. Failing connectivities are the mechanism behind the breakdown of interacting complex systems, e.g., blackouts caused by the interdependence of power grids and communication networks. Previous research analyzing the robustness of interdependent networks has been limited to undirected networks. However, most real-world networks are directed, their in-degrees and out-degrees may be correlated, and they are often coupled to one another as interdependent directed networks. To understand the breakdown and robustness of interdependent directed networks, we develop a theoretical framework based on generating functions and percolation theory. We find that for interdependent Erdős–Rényi networks the directionality within each network increases their vulnerability and exhibits hybrid phase transitions. We also find that the percolation behavior of interdependent directed scale-free networks with and without degree correlations is so complex that two criteria are needed to quantify and compare their robustness: the percolation threshold and the integrated size of the giant component during an entire attack process. Interestingly, we find that the in-degree and out-degree correlations in each network layer increase the robustness of interdependent degree heterogeneous networks that most real networks are, but decrease the robustness of interdependent networks with homogeneous degree distribution and with strong coupling strengths. Moreover, by applying our theoretical analysis to real interdependent international trade networks, we find that the robustness of these real-world systems increases with the in-degree and out-degree correlations, confirming our theoretical analysis.

scholarly journals Organic Farming Increases the Technical Efficiency of Olive Farms in Italy

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Maria Raimondo ◽  
Francesco Caracciolo ◽  
Concetta Nazzaro ◽  
Giuseppe Marotta
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Direct Sales ◽  
Organic Farming System ◽  
The Impact

While there is growing recognition of the positive role played by organic farming in the reduction of the negative externalities due to conventional agriculture, there is uncertainty about the effect of the latter on the economic performance of the farms. In this scenario, the present paper aims at investigating the effect of organic farming on technical efficiency in Italian olive farms. A cross-section dataset was analyzed through the stochastic frontier function, where the adoption of organic farming was explicitly modeled. Then, to obtain an unbiased estimate of the impact of organic farming on technical efficiency, a propensity score matching method was implemented. The findings reveal that organic farming increases technical efficiency in Italian olive farms by approximately 10%. The highest impact of organic farming is observed in small farms. As for the propensity to become organic, we found that the production and the direct sales of a higher quality of gross marketable output, as well as the intensity of labor and machines, increase the probability to adopt organic farming. Conversely, farm localization, the availability of family labor, and financial capital discourage conversion to the organic farming system.

Effectiveness of the IBCLC: Have we Made an Impact on the Care of Breastfeeding Families Over the Past Decade?

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Haase ◽  
Emily Brennan ◽  
Carol L. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Physician Education ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Lactation Consultants ◽  
Evidenced Based ◽  
Outpatient Settings ◽  
Breastfeeding Problems ◽  
The Impact

Background: International Board Certified Lactation Consultants (IBCLCs) have been in existence for over 3 decades, are currently represented in 110 countries, and have the only internationally recognized certification to provide safe and evidenced-based care for breastfeeding women and their infants. Research aim: To review the literature about the efficacy of IBCLCs on breastfeeding outcomes as well as studies that have examined the effectiveness of the IBCLC’s role. Methods: The design was a scoping review of the literature and critical analysis using PRISMA guidelines of existing studies published from 2008–2019. Qualitative and quantitative studies were reviewed. Results: Twelve ( N =12) studies met inclusion criteria. Seven themes emerged in the analysis including studies of the role of IBCLCs in resident physician education; IBCLC’s role in breastfeeding interventions and the management of breastfeeding problems; the impact of IBCLCs in inpatient and outpatient settings; and the impact of geographic access to IBCLCs on breastfeeding rates. Certification of and ongoing professional development of IBCLCs are also discussed. Conclusion: In this scoping review of existing literature assessing the effectiveness of IBCLCs in promoting and supporting breastfeeding, it is clear that IBCLCs play a positive role in supporting breastfeeding throughout the world. However, there are certain limitations that must be addressed. Recommendations for future research and clinical practice are discussed in the context of present limitations to breastfeeding expertise and support.

scholarly journals Cycle and flow trusses in directed networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 160270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taro Takaguchi ◽  
Yuichi Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Truss Structures ◽  
Directed Network ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Directed Networks ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Information Finding ◽  
Empirical Networks ◽  
Module Structures

When we represent real-world systems as networks, the directions of links often convey valuable information. Finding module structures that respect link directions is one of the most important tasks for analysing directed networks. Although many notions of a directed module have been proposed, no consensus has been reached. This lack of consensus results partly because there might exist distinct types of modules in a single directed network, whereas most previous studies focused on an independent criterion for modules. To address this issue, we propose a generic notion of the so-called truss structures in directed networks. Our definition of truss is able to extract two distinct types of trusses, named the cycle truss and the flow truss, from a unified framework. By applying the method for finding trusses to empirical networks obtained from a wide range of research fields, we find that most real networks contain both cycle and flow trusses. In addition, the abundance of (and the overlap between) the two types of trusses may be useful to characterize module structures in a wide variety of empirical networks. Our findings shed light on the importance of simultaneously considering different types of modules in directed networks.

scholarly journals The effects of environmental regulation and technological innovation on green growth: A theoretical analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 04054
Author(s):  
Xuefei Xu ◽  
Lili Wang ◽  
Shang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Causal Chain ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Green Growth ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Causality Chain

As green growth has attracted a great deal of attention due to the growing concern about the degradation of natural resources and environmental pollution in China, the questions of how to achieve it and which factors drive green growth have become hot topics. Environmental regulation and technological innovation are two main fulcrums in the realization of green growth. However, there is lacking a deeper understanding of the impact of environmental regulation and technological innovation on green growth in a methodological framework. Accordingly, this paper attempts to analyze how these factors affect the implementation of green growth in a model. The findings reveal that (1) in the short term, environmental regulation has inhibited green growth, but has a positive impact on green growth in the long run, (2) technological innovation plays a positive role in green growth improvement, and (3) the causality chain among regulation, technological innovation, and green growth is a typical mediation model. Technological innovation plays an important mediation role in the causal chain. This study not only enriches and deepens theories on green growth, but also successfully implements green growth practices and improve their performance.

scholarly journals The generation of random directed networks with prescribed 1-node and 2-node degree correlations

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (22) ◽  
pp. 224006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorka Zamora-López ◽  
Changsong Zhou ◽  
Vinko Zlatić ◽  
Jürgen Kurths
Keyword(s):  
Node Degree ◽  
Directed Networks ◽  
Degree Correlations

scholarly journals The impact of role modeling on the professional identity of pre-service teachers

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Lizette Drusila Flores Delgado ◽  
Irlanda Olave Moreno ◽  
Ana Cecilia Villarreal Ballesteros
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Training ◽  
Professional Identity ◽  
Teacher Identity ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Teacher Mentors ◽  
The Impact

Research shows that mentoring EFL pre-service teachers during the practicum element of teacher-training courses allow them to get experience and to develop, improve, and put into practice their teaching skills. This professional practice can impact the development of a positive or negative professional identity in teachers. Current literature, however, seems to focus on the shaping of teacher identity and learner identity, but there is little empirical research regarding the development and shaping of the identity of pre-service teachers. Pre-service teachers are the main actors of this practicum stage of teacher-training programs and, therefore, by working in collaboration and being supported by a mentor as a role model, they develop their professional identity. The present qualitative case study sought to explore the shaping and re-shaping of the professional identity of fifteen EFL pre-service teachers of a northern Mexican university and the impact of working with English teacher mentors as role models. Information gathered through the constant comparative method of data from the participants taken from their reflective journals, mentor-observations, and self-observations suggests that although working with a positive role model encourages the development of a stronger teacher identity and an improvement in their teaching practice, working with a bad role model can also have the same results.

scholarly journals Firm information disclosure environment and R&D investment: Evidence from Internet penetration

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247549
Author(s):  
Yukun Wang ◽  
Chunling Li ◽  
Muhammad Asif Khan ◽  
Nian Li ◽  
Runsen Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Output Efficiency ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
Internet Penetration ◽  
The Impact

Guided by the conviction that “Clear waters and green mountains are as good as mountains of gold and silver”, China highly values sustainable economic and social development through innovation and Internet technology. Regression analysis is performed to examine the impact of corporate information disclosure environment proxied by the Internet penetration rate on innovation. Leveraging from the city-level Internet penetration rates data in China from 2003 to 2017, this study gets the following findings: (1) Firms headquartered in cities with high Internet penetration rates tend to be more innovative, i.e. they invest more in research and development. (2) This result is supported by several robustness checks, such as alternative measures of key variables, alternative empirical specifications, and tests to mitigate identification concerns. (3) "financing constraint" and "tolerance of innovation failure" are two channels that influence firms’ innovative endeavors. (4) Additional tests show that Internet penetration rates facilitate a firm’s output efficiency of innovation input, total factor productivity, and human capital environment for innovation. The above conclusions not only enrich the relevant literature on the influencing factors of corporate innovation from the perspective of the firm information disclosure environment but also provide an important reference for further understanding the positive role of macro technology development on social and economic development.

scholarly journals The Overseas Experience of Audit Committee and Audit Fees: Empirical Evidence from China

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Chengai Li ◽  
Lin Pan ◽  
Meilan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Audit Fees ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Quality Of Accounting Information ◽  
The Impact

The complexity of audit committee experience, including the overseas experience, has an important impact on corporate governance. In this paper, we study the impact of the overseas experiences of the members of audit committee on audit fees. Our empirical analysis and results show that the audit committee overseas experience can significantly increase audit fees. Further, the positive influence of the audit committee overseas experience on audit fees is more pronounced in state-owned enterprises and regions with weak marketization. In addition, we divide the overseas experience into overseas learning experience and overseas working experience. We find that both types of experience present in the audit committee significantly increase the audit fees. Finally, we find that the audit committee overseas experience can significantly improve the quality of accounting information and play a positive role in corporate governance.

scholarly journals Caffeinated Drinks Intake, Late Chronotype, and Increased Body Mass Index among Medical Students in Chongqing, China: A Multiple Mediation Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangchang Zhang ◽  
Yang Xiong ◽  
Jia Dong ◽  
Tingting Guo ◽  
Xiaoman Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multiple Mediation ◽  
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Background: This paper investigates the problems regarding caffeinated drinks intake, late chronotype, and increased body mass index (BMI) among medical students at a Chinese university. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 with 616 medical students from Chongqing Medical University in Chongqing, China, whose information were collected by a self-reported questionnaire that included four sections: Demographic characteristics; Caffeinated drinks intake and physical state; Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire; Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21. Multiple mediation analyses were conducted to test the impact of late chronotype on increased BMI through caffeinated drinks consumption through two models. Results: The significantly mediated effect of caffeinated drinks consumption was revealed (estimate: −0.01, SE = 0.01, 95% CI [−0.02, −0.01]), and which played a positive role in linking late chronotype (B = −0.01, SE = 0.01, p < 0.001) and increased BMI (B = 1.37, SE = 0.21, p < 0.01), but their significant association did not be found in reversed model. In addition, physical activity and inactivity times demonstrated significant indirect effects in the two models. Conclusions: Interventions should focus on reducing caffeinated drinks intake and sedentary behavior time, enhancing physical activity among medical students.

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