scholarly journals Response of Basil Growth and Morphology to Light Intensity and Spectrum in a Vertical Farm

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorthe H. Larsen ◽  
Ernst J. Woltering ◽  
Celine C. S. Nicole ◽  
Leo F. M. Marcelis
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Light Spectra ◽  
Vertical Farming ◽  
The Impact

Vertical farming is becoming increasingly popular for production of leafy vegetables and herbs, with basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as one of the most popular herbs. In basil most research has focused on increasing secondary metabolites with light spectra. However, knowledge about the effect of light intensity (photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD) and spectra on growth and morphology is key for optimizing quality at harvest. The impact of PPFD and spectrum on plant growth and development is species dependent and currently few studies in basil are available. Understanding the response to End-Of-Production (EOP) light of growth and morphology is important for successful vertical farming. We performed a comprehensive series of experiments, where the effects of EOP PPFD, fraction of blue and their interaction on the growth and morphology were analyzed in two green and one purple basil cultivar. In addition, the impact of different EOP intensities and duration of far-red were investigated. We found that increasing the PPFD increased fresh mass, dry matter content and plant height in all three cultivars. The responses were linear or quadratic depending on the cultivar. A high fraction of blue (>90%) increased plant height and decreased the dry mass partitioning to the leaves. The only interaction found between the fraction of blue and overall PPFD was on plant height in the green cultivar whereas other growth parameters and morphology responded stronger to PPFD than to the fraction of blue light. Plant dry matter production was increased with the addition of far-red. Far-red EOP intensity treatments enhanced the fraction of dry mass partitioned to the leaves, whereas a prolonged far-red treatment enhanced partitioning to the stem. Both plant fresh mass and dry matter content were improved by applying high PPFD shortly before harvest. Light spectra were found to be of less importance than PPFD with respect to plant dry matter content. Light use efficiency (LUE) based on fresh mass decreased with increasing PPFD whereas LUE based on dry mass increased with increasing PPFD, when given as EOP treatments. The overall physiological mechanisms of the light intensity and spectral effects are discussed.

scholarly journals Growth of lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.) plants affected by salinity and substrate

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 402-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Liliana Flórez ◽  
Diego Miranda Lasprilla ◽  
Bernardo Chaves ◽  
Gerhard Fischer ◽  
Stsnislav Magnitskiy
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The effects of 0, 30 and 60 mM NaCl and substrates (red peat, sand or 3:1:1 [w/w] mixture of peat, sand, or soil) on vegetative growth of lulo, an Andean fruit species, during 12 weeks were studied. The experiment was carried out by using 2000 cm³ of polypropylene plastic pots under greenhouse conditions. Plant height, number of leaves and nodes, leaf area, total plant dry matter (DM), and shoot/root ratio were evaluated. With the increase of salt concentration, the plant height, the number of leaves and nodes, the leaf areas and plant dry mass DM decreased, whereas shoot/root ratio increased. Sand grown lulo plants were most affected by salinity and presented total mortality at 60 mM NaCl. On the other hand, plants held either in peat or in substrate mixture developed larger height, greater leaf and node numbers, higher leaf area and dry matter content. Shoot/root ratio in control (soil) and sand-grown plants (30 mM NaCl) was lower.

Optimum harvest date of maize for biogas and silage purposes

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
G. Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Vegetative Organs

The dry matter and moisture contents of the aboveground vegetative organs and kernels of four maize hybrids were studied in Martonvásár at five harvest dates, with four replications per hybrid. The dry matter yield per hectare of the kernels and other plant organs were investigated in order to obtain data on the optimum date of harvest for the purposes of biogas and silage production.It was found that the dry mass of the aboveground vegetative organs, both individually and in total, did not increase after silking. During the last third of the ripening period, however, a significant reduction in the dry matter content was sometimes observed as a function of the length of the vegetation period. The data suggest that, with the exception of extreme weather conditions or an extremely long vegetation period, the maximum dry matter yield could be expected to range from 22–42%, depending on the vegetation period of the variety. The harvest date should be chosen to give a kernel moisture content of above 35% for biogas production and below 35% for silage production. In this phenophase most varieties mature when the stalks are still green, so it is unlikely that transport costs can be reduced by waiting for the vegetative mass to dry.

scholarly journals Successive Harvests Modulate the Productive and Physiological Behavior of Three Genovese Pesto Basil Cultivars

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
Luigi Formisano ◽  
Michele Ciriello ◽  
Christophe El-Nakhel ◽  
Marios C. Kyriacou ◽  
Youssef Rouphael
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Net Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
The Impact

In the Italian culinary tradition, young and tender leaves of Genovese basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) are used to prepare pesto sauce, a tasty condiment that attracts the interest of the food processing industry. Like other leafy or aromatic vegetables, basil is harvested more than once during the crop cycle to maximize yield. However, the mechanical stress induced by successive cuts can affect crucial parameters associated with pesto processing (leaf/stem ratio, stem diameter, and dry matter). Our research accordingly aimed to evaluate the impact of successive harvests on three field-grown Genovese basil cultivars (“Aroma 2”, “Eleonora” and “Italiano Classico”) in terms of production, physiological behavior, and technological parameters. Between the first and second harvest, marketable fresh yield and shoot dry biomass increased by 148.4% and 172.9%, respectively; by contrast, the leaf-to-stem ratio decreased by 22.5%, while the dry matter content was unchanged. The increased fresh yield and shoot dry biomass at the second harvest derived from improved photosynthetic efficiency, which enabled higher net CO2 assimilation, Fv/Fm and transpiration as well as reduced stomatal resistance. Our findings suggest that, under the Mediterranean environment, “Italiano Classico” carries superior productive performance and optimal technological characteristics in line with industrial requirements. These promising results warrant further investigation of the impact successive harvests may have on the qualitative components of high-yielding basil genotypes with respect to consumer expectations of the final product.

scholarly journals Plant of Lamiaceae family for cultivation at the vertical hydroponic installation

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
I. T. Balashova ◽  
L. V. Bespalko ◽  
A. V. Molchanova ◽  
E. V. Pinchuk ◽  
N. E. Maschenko
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Monarda Fistulosa ◽  
Vertical Farming ◽  
Content Determination

Relevance. Vertical farming – is a new and advanced direction in greenhouse vegetable cultivation. Expansion biodiversity of plants for vertical farming occur with help of green leafy vegetables. Plants of Lamiaceae family are well known as aromatic and medicinal plants with high content of substances with antioxidant activity. It allows use these plants as a base for the functional nutrition. Leafy parts the plants of Lamiaceae family may be used as aromatic and healthy additions to traditional foods, such as salads, soups and sauces.  Goal of the study: analysis the biochemical composition of leafy parts plants of Lamiaceaefamily, cultivated at the multi circle hydroponic construction. Materials and methods. 1) Plants: Monarda fistulosa L. (the breeding sample №5 U.P.), Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag. (Simka variety), Melissa officinalisL. (Zhemchuzhina variety). 2) secondary metabolites: flavonoid glycoside linarozid and steroid glycoside moldstim. Methods. 1) cultivation of plants Lamiaceae family at the 5 circles hydroponic construction; 2) analytic methods: determination of dry matter content, determination of ascorbic acid content, determination sum of chlorophylls and carotenoids, determination sum of antioxidants; 3) statistical methods. Results. First experiment the cultivation of plants Lamiaceae family at the multi circle hydroponic construction was successful. Location of plants at different circles of hydroponic installation didn’t influence the content of dry matter, ascorbic acid and sum of chlorophylls in leafy parts of plants Monarda fistulosaL. The content of dry matter and sum of antioxidants in leafy parts of Monarda fistulosaL. plants of the first cutting is significantly higher than of other cuttings. So, we can recommend the leaves of Monarda fistulosa L. plants of the first cutting for the healthy additions in the scheme of the functional nutrition. Seed treatment with water solutions of secondary metabolites changed significantly the weight of leaves: it was increased in Monarda citriodoraCerv. ex Lag. and in Melissa officinalisL. 

scholarly journals Study of knotweed (Reynoutria) as possible phytomass resource for energy and industrial utilization

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Strašil ◽  
J. Kára
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Reynoutria Japonica ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Impact

This paper deals with the Reynoutria × bohemica and Reynoutria japonica under conditions of the Czech Republic. It evaluates the impact of soil, weather conditions and various terms of harvest (autumn, spring) on the yield, dry matter content, phytomass loss, ash content, and basic elements content change in plants. Heavy metals content was determined in soil where plants were grown and consequently in plants themselves. The average yield of dry matter at the fully closed stands of Reynoutria japonica were 9.06 t/ha in autumn, Reynoutria × bohemica from 13.23 to 21.41 t/ha, according to the site. The yield losses within the winter period were found on average 42% for Reynoutria japonica and 34% for Reynoutria × bohemica. The moisture decrease of Reynoutria japonica was found from 68% in the autumn to 24% in the spring, and of Reynoutria × bohemica from 67% to 23%, respectively. Decreased content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in the knotweed phytomass was found during the latter (spring) harvest periods in comparison with the earlier harvest periods. Decreased elements content in phytomass during the latter harvest period (spring) increases the phytomass quality as a fuel from both aspects – technical and emissions generation. The ash content in plants varied according to the site, on average from 3.12% in Ruzyně to 4.6% in Chomutov. None of the heavy metals monitored in knotweed plants reached the maximum admissible values determined for the food or feed purposes in the Czech Republic. From the results of combustion experiments, it is evident that Reynoutria × bohemica is a good fuel. Energy sorrel shows the extreme CO concentration in flue gases in comparison with other monitored fuels. According to the ČSN EN 12809 (2001) standard it does not meet even the third class of requirements. On the contrary, knotweed and wood bark fulfill the requirements for the first class. The surprising fact is that both of these fuels show the lower level of CO emissions, than the wooden briquettes. Concentrations of nitrogen oxids are comparable with biofuels, except of wood, and probably are related to the nitrogen content in heating material.

scholarly journals The influence of chemical composition of milk on yield of semi-hard cheese

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 167-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bojanic-Rasovic ◽  
S. Mirecki ◽  
N. Nikolic ◽  
R. Rasovic
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Theoretical Yield ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Actual Yield ◽  
The Impact

The aim of paper was to examine the impact of the milk quality on yield of semi-hard naturally dried cheese, produced in cheese plant factory ZZ 'Cijevna' in Podgorica. Tests were conducted on 6 samples of bulk milk of cows and 6 productive batch of cheese. Chemical tests of the bulk milk have been done on the device MilcoScan 4000, and the determination content dry matter of whey and dry matter of cheese on the device MilcoScan FT 120. Theoretical yield of cheese was determined in two ways: 1) based on the content of fat and protein content in milk and 2) based on dry matter content of milk, dry matter of whey and dry matter of cheese. Actual yield of cheese is determined on the base of the total amount of cheese obtained after pressing and the amount of wasted milk. The average value for the fat content in the examined milk amounted to 3.79%, protein 3.24%, 4.26% lactose and dry matter content without fat 8.24%. The average value for the theoretical cheese yield by first method was 10.65% and by second method 9,30%. The average of actual cheese yield amounted to 11.26%. We found a very high positive correlation between content of fat in milk and actual cheese yield (0.929032) and mean positive correlation between content of protein in milk and actual cheese yield (0.613141), content of lactose in milk and actual cheese yield (0.651317) and between dry matter content in milk and actual cheese yield (0.651956).

scholarly journals Growth and Yield of Onion as Influenced by Sulphur and Boron with Mulch Materials

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Sajeed Hasan Bappy ◽  
Khaleda Khatun ◽  
Tahmina Mostarin ◽  
Mutasim Fuad Shuvo ◽  
Mst. Umme Habiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Neck Diameter

A field experiment was conducted at the research farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka. During the period from October, 2018 to March, 2019 to find out the growth and yield of onion as influenced by Sulphur and Boron with mulch materials. The experiment consisted of two factors: Factor A: Four doses of Sulphurand Boron fertilizer viz. F0 = S0kgB0kg/ha (Control), F1 = S20kgB1kg/ha, F2 = S40kgB2kg/ha, F3 = S60kgB3kg/ha and Factor B: Four types of mulch viz. M0 = No mulch and no irrigation, M1 = Black polythene, M2 = Water hyacinth and M3 = Rice straw. There were 16 treatment combinations and experiment was setup in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. In case of Sulphur and Boron treatments at 60 days after transplanting (DAT), the highest plant height 53.38 cm, maximum leaf number 10.48, highest bulb length 4.83 cm,, maximum neck diameter (1.31 cm), highest dry matter content (15.98%), dry matter content of leaf (24.74%), single bulb weight (39.93 g), yield per plot (0.80 kg) and yield per hectare (9.98 t) were obtained from F3 treatment. Among the mulch materials,  highest plant height at 60 DAT (52.51 cm), maximum leaf number (10.19), highest bulb length (4.52 cm), highest bulb diameter (5.74 cm), maximum neck diameter (1.26 cm), dry matter content of leaf (23.35%), single bulb weight (39.05 g), yield per plot (0.78 kg) and yield per hectare (9.76 t) were obtained from M1 treatment. In combined effect, the highest plant height at 60 DAT (55.54 cm), maximum leaf number (11.47), longest bulb length (5.51 cm), highest bulb diameter (6.68 cm), maximum diameter of neck (1.42 cm), dry matter content of leaf (27.48%), single bulb weight (42.40 g), yield per plot (0.85 kg) and yield per hectare (11.21 t) were obtained from F3M1 treatment (S60kg/ha + B3kg/ha with black polythene mulch). The highest gross return (Tk. 3, 36, 300/ha), net return (Tk. 1, 88, 934/ha) and benefit cost ration (2.28) was obtained from the treatment combination (F3M1). Accordingly, for high growth, high yield, and economic point of view, F3M1 treatment is recommended in onion cultivation.

scholarly journals High Light Intensity Applied Shortly Before Harvest Improves Lettuce Nutritional Quality and Extends the Shelf Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianxixi Min ◽  
Leo F. M. Marcelis ◽  
Celine C. S. Nicole ◽  
Ernst J. Woltering
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
High Light ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Quality Aspects

The effect of light intensity applied shortly before harvest on the nutritional quality, postharvest performance, and shelf life of loose-leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Expertise RZ Salanova®) was investigated. Lettuce was grown either in a greenhouse with supplemental high-pressure sodium light (Experiment 1, EXP 1) or in a climate room under white LED light (Experiment 2, EXP 2). In both experiments full grown plants were transferred to a climate room for the End of Production (EoP) light treatments during the last week of cultivation. During EoP lighting plants were exposed to different intensities (0, 110, and 270 μmol m–2 s–1 in EXP 1; 50, 210, and 470 μmol m–2 s–1 in EXP 2) from white-red LEDs for 6 (EXP 2) or 7 days (EXP 1). Mature leaves were then harvested and stored in darkness at 10°C to study the postharvest performance. Changes in dry matter content, total ascorbic acid, and carbohydrates (including glucose, fructose sucrose, and starch) levels were determined during EoP lighting and during the subsequent shelf life as indicators of lettuce nutritional quality. Quality aspects (appearance, texture, and odor) were accessed during the shelf life as indicators of postharvest performance. In both experiments, high light intensities applied in EoP lighting increased dry matter percentage and contents of ascorbic acid (AsA) and carbohydrates at harvest and these increased levels were maintained during the shelf life. Increased light intensity in EoP treatment also extended the shelf life. The levels of AsA and carbohydrates at harvest correlated positively with the subsequent shelf life, indicating that the prolonged shelf life relies on the improved energy and antioxidant status of the crop at harvest.

Oxidative burst induced pseudosclerotium formation ofMorchella steppicolaZerova on different malt agar media

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 975-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Király ◽  
P. Czövek
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Burst ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content ◽  
Formation Zone ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Trehalose Accumulation

Morchella steppicola Zerova mycelia was grown on modified MS (MSK) medium and on MSK medium containing different malt content. Starvation induced an enhanced pseudosclerotium formation in a given zone of the culture. The malondialdehyde content of the mycelium at the site of pseudosclerotium formation was related to the acceleration of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Superoxide dismutase activity was monitored in control and stressed vegetative hyphae subjected to malt withdrawal. In the formation zone of resting bodies, an enhanced oxidative burst was observed. The glucose and trehalose contents of M. steppicola mycelium during pseudosclerotium formation were also investigated. The glucose concentration of the mycelia approached a minimum during pseudosclerotium formation. At the same time, trehalose concentration reached a maximum in the zone of pseudosclerotium formation. The dry mass of mycelia in these zones was higher than average. The dry matter content of the pseudosclerotium-forming zones significantly exceeded the average of the whole culture. The correlation among trehalose accumulation, oxidative burst, and pseudosclerotium formation was clearly demonstrated.

scholarly journals Chickpea Cultivar Selection to Produce Aquafaba with Superior Emulsion Properties

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue He ◽  
Youn Young Shim ◽  
Rana Mustafa ◽  
Venkatesh Meda ◽  
Martin J.T. Reaney
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Hydration Kinetics ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Emulsion Capacity ◽  
Chickpea Cultivar ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Product Solution

Aquafaba (AQ), a viscous by-product solution produced during cooking chickpea or other legumes in water, is increasingly being used as an egg replacement due to its ability to form foams and emulsions. The objectives of our work were to select a chickpea cultivar that produces AQ with superior emulsion properties, and to investigate the impact of chickpea seed physicochemical properties and hydration kinetics on the properties of AQ-based emulsions. AQ from a Kabuli type chickpea cultivar (CDC Leader) had the greatest emulsion capacity (1.10 ± 0.04 m2/g) and stability (71.9 ± 0.8%). There were no correlations observed between AQ emulsion properties and chickpea seed proximate compositions. Meanwhile, AQ emulsion properties were negatively correlated with AQ yield and moisture content, indicating that AQ with higher dry-matter content displayed better emulsion properties. In conclusion, the emulsification properties of aquafaba are greatly influenced by the chickpea genotype, and AQ from the CDC Leader chickpea produced the most stable food oil emulsions.

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