scholarly journals Physiological and Biochemical Response of Tropical Fruits to Hypoxia/Anoxia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noureddine Benkeblia
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Routine Metabolic Rate ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Tropical Fruits ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Aerobic respiration and oxygen consumption are indicators of routine metabolic rate, and dissolved oxygen in plant tissues is one of the most important environmental factors affecting their survival. The reduction of available O2 leads to hypoxia which causes a limitation of the oxidative phosphorylation; when O2 is absent, tissues generate ATP by activating the fermentative glycolysis to sustain glycolysis in the absence of mitochondrial respiration, which results in the production of lactate. Overall, hypoxia was reported to often decrease the respiration rate (O2 uptake) and delay the climacteric rise of ethylene in climacteric fruits by inhibiting action, thus delaying their ripening. Much research has been done on the application of postharvest hypoxia and anoxia treatment to temperate fresh crops (controlled or modified atmosphere), however, very few reported on tropical commodities. Indeed, the physiological mode of action of low or absence of oxygen in fresh crops is not well understood; and the physiological and biochemical bases of the effects low or absence of O2 are also yet to be clarified. Recent investigations using omics technologies, however, have provided useful information on the response of fresh fruits and vegetables to this abiotic stress. The aims of this review are to (i) report on the oxygen exchange in the crops tissue, (ii) discuss the metabolic responses to hypoxia and anoxia, and (iii) report the physiological and biochemical responses of crops tissues to these abiotic stresses and the potential benefits of these environmental conditions.

Atividade e Biodisponibilidade dos Carotenóides no Organismo/Activity and Bioavailability of Carotenoids in Body

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Pinto de Lima ◽  
Cristiane de Oliveira Lopes ◽  
Nayane Aparecida Araújo Dias ◽  
Michel Cardoso De Angelis-Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
The Body ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Natural Pigments ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Metabolic Systems ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Key Words Metabolism

Os carotenóides são pigmentos naturais presentes nos alimentos, que dependendo de suas estruturas podem ser convertidos em vitamina A. Representam uma classe de antioxidantes encontrados predominantemente em frutas e vegetais, tendo sua composição e estabilidade nos alimentos afetadas por diversos fatores. O metabolismo dos carotenóides no organismo é um processo complexo, similar ao dos lipídeos e está associado a potenciais benefícios através de sua atividade modulatória. A sua ação, principalmente antioxidante, é dependente da capacidade do organismo absorvê-lo, armazená-lo e utilizá-lo em seus diferentes sistemas metabólicos. Diante disso é necessário compreender os fatores que afetam a sua biodisponibilidade. Portanto, o objetivo desta revisão foi descrever o metabolismo dos carotenóides, sua atividade no organismo e os fatores que podem interferir em sua biodisponibilidade. Palavras chave: Metabolismo; interações nutricionais, atividade modulatória.Carotenoids are natural pigments present in foods, depending on their structures can be converted into vitamin A. Represent a class of antioxidants found mainly in fruits and vegetables, and its composition and stability of foods affected by several factors. The metabolism of carotenoids in the body is a complex process, similar to that of lipids and is associated with potential benefits through their modulatory activity. Their action, especially antioxidant, is dependent on the body's ability to absorb it, store it and use it in their different metabolic systems. Besides, we need to understand the factors affecting its bioavailability. Therefore, the aim of this review was to describe the metabolism of carotenoids, their activity in the body and the factors that may interfere with its bioavailability. Key words: Metabolism, nutritional interactions, modulatory activity. 

Physiological and biochemical responses of harvested rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) fruits to postharvest dip treatments during storage

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
Manjunath J. Shetty ◽  
◽  
P.R. Geethalekshmi ◽  
C. Mini ◽  
Vijayaraghava Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Nephelium Lappaceum ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Poplar Plants to Drought Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
ARADHNA KUMARI ◽  
IM KHAN ◽  
ANIL KUMAR SINGH ◽  
SANTOSH KUMAR SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Poplar clone Kranti was selected to assess the morphological, physiological and biochemical responses under drought at different levels of water stress, as it is a common clone used to be grown in Uttarakhand for making paper and plywood. The cuttings of Populus deltoides L. (clone Kranti) were exposed to four different watering regimes (100, 75, 50 and 25% of the field capacity) and changes in physiological and biochemical parameters related with drought tolerance were recorded. Alterations in physiological (i.e. decrease in relative water content) and biochemical parameters (i.e. increase in proline and soluble sugar content and build-up of malondialdehyde by-products) occurred in all the three levels of water stress, although drought represented the major determinant. Drought treatments (75%, 50% and 25% FC) decreased plant height, radial stem diameter, harvest index, total biomass content and RWC in all the three watering regimes compared to control (100% FC). Biochemical parameters like proline, soluble sugar and MDA content increased with severity and duration of stress, which helped plants to survive under severe stress. It was analyzed that for better wood yield poplar seedlings should avail either optimum amount of water (amount nearly equal to field capacity of soil) or maximum withdrawal up to 75% of field capacity up to seedling establishment period (60 days). Furthermore, this study manifested that acclimation to drought stress is related with the rapidity, severity, and duration of the drought event of the poplar species.

scholarly journals Assessment of Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Mercury-Stressed Trigonella foenum-gracum L. to Silver Nanoparticles and Sphingobacterium ginsenosidiumtans Applications

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1349
Author(s):  
Ahlam Khalofah ◽  
Mona Kilany ◽  
Hussein Migdadi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Ag Nanoparticles ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Mercury Stress ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Heavy metals are primarily generated and deposited in the environment, causing phytotoxicity. This work evaluated fenugreek plants’ morpho-physiological and biochemical responses under mercury stress conditions toward Ag nanoparticles and Sphingobacterium ginsenosidiumtans applications. The fabrication of Ag nanoparticles by Thymus vulgaris was monitored and described by UV/Vis analysis, FTIR, and SEM. The effect of mercury on vegetative growth was determined by measuring the root and shoots length, the number and area of leaves, the relative water content, and the weight of the green and dried plants; appraisal of photosynthetic pigments, proline, hydrogen peroxide, and total phenols content were also performed. In addition, the manipulation of Ag nanoparticles, S. ginsenosidiumtans, and their combination were tested for mercury stress. Here, Ag nanoparticles were formed at 420 nm with a uniform cuboid form and size of 85 nm. Interestingly, the gradual suppression of vegetal growth and photosynthetic pigments by mercury, Ag nanoparticles, and S. ginsenosidiumtans were detected; however, carotenoids and anthocyanins were significantly increased. In addition, proline, hydrogen peroxide, and total phenols content were significantly increased because mercury and S. ginsenosidiumtans enhance this increase. Ag nanoparticles achieve higher levels by the combination. Thus, S. ginsenosidiumtans and Ag nanoparticles could have the plausible ability to relieve and combat mercury’s dangerous effects in fenugreek.

Seed germination and biochemical responses of two Elytrigia elongata accessions exposed to abiotic stresses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxia Tian ◽  
Peichun Mao ◽  
Mingli Zheng ◽  
Qingyi Meng ◽  
Lin Meng
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Biochemical Responses

scholarly journals Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Ageratum conyzoides, Oryza sativa f. spontanea (Weedy Rice) and Cyperus iria to Parthenium hysterophorus Methanol Extract

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1205
Author(s):  
Mst. Motmainna ◽  
Abdul Shukor Juraimi ◽  
Md. Kamal Uddin ◽  
Norhayu Binti Asib ◽  
A. K. M. Mominul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Glasshouse Condition ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The current study was designed to investigate the effect of Parthenium hysterophorus L. methanol extract on Ageratum conyzoides L., Oryza sativa f. spontanea (weedy rice) and Cyperus iria L. in glasshouse condition. Here, Parthenium hysterophorus methanol extract at 20, 40, and 60 g L−1 concentrations was applied on the test species to examine their physiological and biochemical responses at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h after spraying (HAS). The phytotoxicity of P. hysterophorus was strong on A. conyzoides compared to weedy rice and Cyperus iria at different concentrations and exposure times. There was a reduction in photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration, chlorophyll content and carotenoid content when plants were treated with P. hysterophorus extract concentrations. Exposure to P. hysterophorus (60 g L−1) at 24 HAS increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline content by 152% and 130%, respectively, in A. conyzoides compared with control. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD)) were also increased in the presence of P. hysterophorus extract. Present findings confirm that the methanol extract of P. hysterophorus can disrupt the physiological and biochemical mechanism of target weeds and could be used as an alternative to chemical herbicides.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Indigenous Olive Biocontrol Rhizobacteria as Protectants against Drought and Salt Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1209
Author(s):  
Nuria Montes-Osuna ◽  
Carmen Gómez-Lama Cabanás ◽  
Antonio Valverde-Corredor ◽  
Garikoitz Legarda ◽  
Pilar Prieto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Acds Gene ◽  
Drought And Salt Stress ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Stress caused by drought and salinity may compromise growth and productivity of olive (Olea europaea L.) tree crops. Several studies have reported the use of beneficial rhizobacteria to alleviate symptoms produced by these stresses, which is attributed in some cases to the activity of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase (ACD). A collection of beneficial olive rhizobacteria was in vitro screened for ACD activity. Pseudomonas sp. PICF6 displayed this phenotype and sequencing of its genome confirmed the presence of an acdS gene. In contrast, the well-known root endophyte and biocontrol agent Pseudomonas simiae PICF7 was defective in ACD activity, even though the presence of an ACD-coding gene was earlier predicted in its genome. In this study, an unidentified deaminase was confirmed instead. Greenhouse experiments with olive ‘Picual’ plants inoculated either with PICF6 or PICF7, or co-inoculated with both strains, and subjected to drought or salt stress were carried out. Several physiological and biochemical parameters increased in stressed plants (i.e., stomatal conductance and flavonoids content), regardless of whether or not they were previously bacterized. Results showed that neither PICF6 (ACD positive) nor PICF7 (ACD negative) lessened the negative effects caused by the abiotic stresses tested, at least under our experimental conditions.

scholarly journals Physiological and biochemical responses of two precious Carpinus species to high-concentration NO2 stress and their natural recovery

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianqian Sheng ◽  
Min Song ◽  
Zunling Zhu ◽  
Fuliang Cao
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Function ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Urban Greening ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Scientific Application ◽  
Natural Recovery ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Damage Response ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

AbstractCarpinus betulus and Carpinus putoensis are precious species in the world. Studies on the ecosystem function of the two species are rare. This study investigated the physiological and biochemical responses of C. betulus and C. putoensis to NO2 stress and their natural recovery. C. betulus and C. putoensis seedlings underwent fumigation with 12.0 mg/m3 NO2 for 0, 1, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Then, the plants were allowed to recover at room temperature for 30 d. Physiological and biochemical changes in the leaves were compared between the two species. In terms of peroxidase (POD) activity, the damage response of C. betulus under NO2 stress appeared later than that of C. putoensis. The soluble protein content of C. betulus was noticeably higher than that of C. putoensis, and C. betulus exhibited more stable membrane lipoperoxidation. The tendency of the changes in nitrate reductase of C. betulus was less noticeable than that of C. putoensis. The variation amplitudes of N, K, Mg, Zn and Mn in the leaves of C. putoensis were greater than those of C. betulus. C. putoensis showed more sensitive metabolisms in response to NO2 stress compared with C. betulus. High-concentration NO2 caused damage to C. betulus and C. putoensis was reversible, and both species returned to normal growth via their own metabolism after 30-d recovery. The results of this study may provide useful reference data for quantitative assessment of the ecosystem function of C. betulus and C. putoensis and for their scientific application in urban greening.

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