scholarly journals Non-invasive 11C-Imaging Revealed the Spatiotemporal Variability in the Translocation of Photosynthates Into Strawberry Fruits in Response to Increasing Daylight Integrals at Leaf Surface

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Miyoshi ◽  
Kota Hidaka ◽  
Yong-Gen Yin ◽  
Nobuo Suzui ◽  
Keisuke Kurita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Photosynthate Translocation

The efficiency of photosynthate translocation from leaves to fruits directly affects dry matter partitioning. Therefore, controlling photosynthate translocation dynamics is critical for high-yield and high-quality fruit production. Accordingly, photosynthate translocation changes must be characterized using data obtained at a higher spatiotemporal resolution than those provided by conventional methods. In this study, 11C-photosynthate translocation into strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) fruits in individual plants was visualized non-invasively and repeatedly using a positron emission tracer imaging system (PETIS) to assess the spatiotemporal variability in the translocation dynamics in response to increasing daylight integrals (i.e., 0.5-, 4.5-, and 9-h exposures to 400 μmol m–2 s–1 at the leaf surface). Serial images of photosynthate translocation into strawberry fruits obtained from the PETIS confirmed that 11C-photosynthates were translocated heterogeneously into each fruit on the same inflorescence. The amount of translocated 11C-photosynthates and the translocation rate into each fruit significantly increased as the integrated light intensity at the leaf surface increased. An analysis of the pedicel of each fruit also confirmed that the photosynthate translocation rate increased. The cumulated photosynthesis in leaves increased almost linearly during the light period, suggesting that an increase in the amount of photosynthates in leaves promotes the translocation of photosynthates from leaves, resulting in an increase in the photosynthate translocation rate in pedicels and enhanced photosynthate accumulation in fruits. Additionally, the distribution pattern of photosynthate translocated to fruits did not change during the light period, nor did the order of the sink activity (11C radioactivity/fruit dry weight), which is the driving force for the prioritization of the 11C-partitioning between competing organs, among fruits. Thus, this is the first study to use 11C-radioisotopes to clarify the spatiotemporal variability in photosynthate translocation from source leaves to individual sink fruits in vivo in response to increasing daylight integrals at a high spatiotemporal resolution.

scholarly journals Radiolabeling of methanol extracts of yarrow (Achillea millefolium l) in rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 294-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betul Cekic ◽  
Ayfer Yurt Kilcar ◽  
Fazilet Zumrut Biber Muftuler ◽  
Perihan Unak ◽  
Emin Ilker Medine
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Biodistribution Studies ◽  
In Vivo Imaging System ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

PURPOSE: Current study is focused on extraction with methanol, purification, labeling with 131I using iodogen method of the yarrow plant and investigating in vivo biological activity using biodistribution and imaging studies on healthy animal models. The aim of the study is to contribute plant extracts to discover new drugs in the diagnosis and treatment of several diseases. METHODS: Nine female and nine male healthy Wistar albino rats, which were approximately 100-150 g in weight, were used for biodistribution studies. For imaging studies four healthy male Balb-C mice were used. Quality control studies were done utilizing thin layer radio chromatography (TLRC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. For biodistribution studies, 131I radiolabeled Peak 7 (131I-Peak 7) was sterilized and injected into the tail veil of rats and imaging studies were obtained using Kodak FX PRO in vivo Imaging System. RESULTS: The radiolabeling yield of each purified the bioactive extracts of the yarrow plant, seven peaks was between 79 and 92%. The highest radiolabeling yield was calculated for 131I radiolabeled seventh peak (131I-Peak 7) (92.78±5.04, n=5). For this reason the biodistribution and imaging studies were done for 131I-Peak 7. That's why; these studies with Peak 7 were carried out. CONCLUSION: Peak 7 was radiolabeled with 131I in high yield for using imaging and therapeutic studies in nuclear medical applications.

scholarly journals Targeted Imaging of Orthotopic Prostate Cancer by Using Clinical Transformable Photoacoustic Molecular Probe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Qiu ◽  
Yuanyuan Bai ◽  
Tinghui Yin ◽  
Xiaoyan Miao ◽  
Rongkang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Photoacoustic Imaging ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Molecular Probe ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Targeted Imaging ◽  
Normal Prostate

Abstract Background: To obtain high-yield histological samples by targeted prostate cancer (PCa) biopsy is the current trend compared with transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided systematic histological biopsy, which is regarded as the gold standard for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis. In this paper, we present a targeted PCa imaging strategy using a real-time molecular photoacoustic imaging system integrated with a handheld US probe (PAI/US) and synthesized an integrin α v β 3 targeted probe based on ICG (cRGD–ICG). Results: A small molecular PAI probe was synthesized and exhibited excellent targeted imaging ability in vitro . In vivo photoacoustic imaging was carried out after intravenous injection of cRGD-ICG in orthotopic PCa-bearing rats under the facilitation of the PAI/US system. Maximum molecular photoacoustic signals were observed in the tumor area in vivo after the probe injection, which showed 3.8-fold higher signal enhancement than that in the control group ( P < 0.05). Significantly higher cRGD-ICG accumulation was observed under confocal microscopy in the tumor region than in normal prostate tissue. Conclusions: All our results showed that the comprehensive strategy provided a high-yield and reliable method for PCa diagnosis and targeted prostate biopsy, with great clinical translation potential.

scholarly journals Targeted Imaging of Orthotopic Prostate Cancer by Using Clinical Transformable Photoacoustic Molecular Probe

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Qiu ◽  
Tinghui Yin ◽  
Yuanyuan Bai ◽  
Xiaoyan Miao ◽  
Rongkang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Photoacoustic Imaging ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Molecular Probe ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Targeted Imaging ◽  
Normal Prostate

Abstract Background: To obtain high yield histological samples by targeted PCa biopsy is the current trend compared of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided systematic histological biopsy which is regarded as golden standard for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis. In this paper, we present a targeted PCa imaging strategy using real-time molecular photoacoustic imaging system integrated with handheld US probe (PAI/US) and synthesized integrin αvβ3 targeted probe based on ICG (cRGD–ICG). Results: A small molecular PAI probe was synthesized and proved excellent targeted imaging ability in vitro. In vivo photoacoustic imaging was carried out after intravenous injection of cRGD-ICG in orthotopic PCa bearing beard rats under facilitation of PAI/US system. Maximum molecular photoacoustic signals were observed in the tumor area in vivo post probe injection, which showed 3.8 folds higher signal enhancement than in the control group (P < 0.05, respectively). Significant higher cRGD-ICG accumulation was observed under confocal microscopy in tumor region rather than normal prostate tissue. Conclusions: All our results showed that the comprehensive strategy provided a high-yield and reliable method for PCa diagnosis and targeted prostate biopsy, with great clinical transforming potential.

Multi-mode light microscopy of microtubule assembly dynamics and chromosome movement in vivo and In vitro

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 730-731
Author(s):  
E. D. Salmon ◽  
J. C. Waters ◽  
C. Waterman-Storer
Keyword(s):  
Imaging System ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Transmitted Light ◽  
Microtubule Assembly ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Optical Efficiency ◽  
Multiple Band ◽  
Multi Mode

We have developed a multi-mode digital imaging system which acquires images with a cooled CCD camera (Figure 1). A multiple band pass dichromatic mirror and robotically controlled filter wheels provide wavelength selection for epi-fluorescence. Shutters select illumination either by epi-fluorescence or by transmitted light for phase contrast or DIC. Many of our experiments involve investigations of spindle assembly dynamics and chromosome movements in live cells or unfixed reconstituted preparations in vitro in which photodamage and phototoxicity are major concerns. As a consequence, a major factor in the design was optical efficiency: achieving the highest image quality with the least number of illumination photons. This principle applies to both epi-fluorescence and transmitted light imaging modes. In living cells and extracts, microtubules are visualized using X-rhodamine labeled tubulin. Photoactivation of C2CF-fluorescein labeled tubulin is used to locally mark microtubules in studies of microtubule dynamics and translocation. Chromosomes are labeled with DAPI or Hoechst DNA intercalating dyes.

INFLUENCE OF GROWTH REGULATORS AND LED IRRADIATORS ON PINE STRAWBERRY ADAPTATION

1970 ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
M. G. Markova ◽  
E. N. Somova
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Fragaria X Ananassa ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Light Effects ◽  
Control Version

Work on going through the adaptation stage of rooted micro-stalks comes down to searching for new growth regulators and studying the influence of external conditions, which include, among other things, light effects. The data of 2018-2019 on the effect of growth regulators Siliplant, EcoFus and experimental LED phytoradiators on the adaptation of rooted micro-stalks of garden strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa duch) in vivo are presented. The object of research is rooted micro-stalks of garden strawberries of the Korona variety. It was revealed that, at the adaptation stage of rooted micro-stalks of strawberries, the most effective was the treatment of plants by spraying with Siliplant at a concentration of 1.0 ml/l and the combined treatment with Siliplant and EcoFus at concentrations of 0.5 ml/l: regardless of lighting, the survival rate averaged 99.4 - 99.7%, the leaf surface area increased significantly from 291.85 mm2 to 334.4 mm2. The number of normally developed leaves of strawberry microplants increased significantly after treatment with all preparations from 3.5 to 6.0, 5.8 and 6.5 pcs/plant, and a significant increase in the height of strawberry rosettes was facilitated by treatment with Siliplant and Siliplant together with EcoFus. Regardless of growth regulators, the most effective was the experimental LED phyto-irradiator with a changing spectrum, which contributed to an increase in leaf surface area, height of rosettes and the number of normally developed leaves in strawberry microplants. When illuminated with a flashing phytoradiator, these indicators are lower than in the control version, but not significantly. By the end of the rooting stage, all microplants of garden strawberries corresponded to GOST R 54051-2010.

scholarly journals High-speed volumetric two-photon fluorescence imaging of neurovascular dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Lan Fan ◽  
Jose A. Rivera ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
John Peterson ◽  
Henry Haeberle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Two Photon

AbstractUnderstanding the structure and function of vasculature in the brain requires us to monitor distributed hemodynamics at high spatial and temporal resolution in three-dimensional (3D) volumes in vivo. Currently, a volumetric vasculature imaging method with sub-capillary spatial resolution and blood flow-resolving speed is lacking. Here, using two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) with an axially extended Bessel focus, we capture volumetric hemodynamics in the awake mouse brain at a spatiotemporal resolution sufficient for measuring capillary size and blood flow. With Bessel TPLSM, the fluorescence signal of a vessel becomes proportional to its size, which enables convenient intensity-based analysis of vessel dilation and constriction dynamics in large volumes. We observe entrainment of vasodilation and vasoconstriction with pupil diameter and measure 3D blood flow at 99 volumes/second. Demonstrating high-throughput monitoring of hemodynamics in the awake brain, we expect Bessel TPLSM to make broad impacts on neurovasculature research.

scholarly journals Nanotechnology: from In Vivo Imaging System to Controlled Drug Delivery

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Mir ◽  
Saba Ishtiaq ◽  
Samreen Rabia ◽  
Maryam Khatoon ◽  
Ahmad Zeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Controlled Drug Delivery ◽  
In Vivo Imaging System

In silico and in vivo study of radio-iodinated nefiracetam as a radiotracer for brain imaging in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Sanad ◽  
A. B. Farag ◽  
S. F. A. Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Radiochemical Purity ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Uptake ◽  
Oxidizing Agent ◽  
Receptor Ligand ◽  
Nootropic Agent ◽  
Biodistribution Studies

Abstract This study presents development and characterization of a radiotracer, [125I]iodonefiracetam ([125I]iodoNEF). Labeling with high yield and radiochemical purity was achieved through the formation of a [125I]iodoNEF radiotracer after investigating many factors like oxidizing agent content (chloramines-T (Ch-T)), substrate amount (Nefiracetam (NEF)), pH of reaction mixture, reaction time and temperature. Nefiracetam (NEF) is known as nootropic agent, acting as N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor ligand (NMDA). The radiolabeled compound was stable, and exhibited the logarithm of the partition coefficient (log p) value of [125I]iodonefiracetam as 1.85 (lipophilic). Biodistribution studies in normal mice confirmed the suitability of the [125I]iodoNEF radiotracer as a novel tracer for brain imaging. High uptake of 8.61 ± 0.14 percent injected dose/g organ was observed in mice

scholarly journals MSCs-engineered biomimetic PMAA nanomedicines for multiple bioimaging-guided and photothermal-enhanced radiotherapy of NSCLC

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yipengchen Yin ◽  
Yongjing Li ◽  
Sheng Wang ◽  
Ziliang Dong ◽  
Chao Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
Bimodal Imaging ◽  
Red Blood Cell Membranes ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Tumor Accumulation

Abstract Background The recently developed biomimetic strategy is one of the mostly effective strategies for improving the theranostic efficacy of diverse nanomedicines, because nanoparticles coated with cell membranes can disguise as “self”, evade the surveillance of the immune system, and accumulate to the tumor sites actively. Results Herein, we utilized mesenchymal stem cell memabranes (MSCs) to coat polymethacrylic acid (PMAA) nanoparticles loaded with Fe(III) and cypate—an derivative of indocyanine green to fabricate Cyp-PMAA-Fe@MSCs, which featured high stability, desirable tumor-accumulation and intriguing photothermal conversion efficiency both in vitro and in vivo for the treatment of lung cancer. After intravenous administration of Cyp-PMAA-Fe@MSCs and Cyp-PMAA-Fe@RBCs (RBCs, red blood cell membranes) separately into tumor-bearing mice, the fluorescence signal in the MSCs group was 21% stronger than that in the RBCs group at the tumor sites in an in vivo fluorescence imaging system. Correspondingly, the T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal at the tumor site decreased 30% after intravenous injection of Cyp-PMAA-Fe@MSCs. Importantly, the constructed Cyp-PMAA-Fe@MSCs exhibited strong photothermal hyperthermia effect both in vitro and in vivo when exposed to 808 nm laser irradiation, thus it could be used for photothermal therapy. Furthermore, tumors on mice treated with phototermal therapy and radiotherapy shrank 32% more than those treated with only radiotherapy. Conclusions These results proved that Cyp-PMAA-Fe@MSCs could realize fluorescence/MRI bimodal imaging, while be used in phototermal-therapy-enhanced radiotherapy, providing desirable nanoplatforms for tumor diagnosis and precise treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

scholarly journals Targeted Liposomal Chemotherapies to Treat Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3749
Author(s):  
Yingnan Si ◽  
Ya Zhang ◽  
Hanh Giai Ngo ◽  
Jia-Shiung Guan ◽  
Kai Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Surface Binding ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Tnbc Cell

Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are highly aggressive and recurrent. Standard cytotoxic chemotherapies are currently the main treatment options, but their clinical efficacies are limited and patients usually suffer from severe side effects. The goal of this study was to develop and evaluate targeted liposomes-delivered combined chemotherapies to treat TNBCs. Specifically, the IC50 values of the microtubule polymerization inhibitor mertansine (DM1), mitotic spindle assembly defecting taxane (paclitaxel, PTX), DNA synthesis inhibitor gemcitabine (GC), and DNA damage inducer doxorubicin (AC) were tested in both TNBC MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells. Then we constructed the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody (mAb) tagged liposomes and confirmed its TNBC cell surface binding using flow cytometry, internalization with confocal laser scanning microscopy, and TNBC xenograft targeting in NSG female mice using In Vivo Imaging System. The safe dosage of anti-EGFR liposomal chemotherapies, i.e., <20% body weight change, was identified. Finally, the in vivo anti-tumor efficacy studies in TNBC cell line-derived xenograft and patient-derived xenograft models revealed that the targeted delivery of chemotherapies (mertansine and gemcitabine) can effectively inhibit tumor growth. This study demonstrated that the targeted liposomes enable the new formulations of combined therapies that improve anti-TNBC efficacy.

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