scholarly journals Metabolomic Profiling of Dongxiang Wild Rice Under Salinity Demonstrates the Significant Role of Amino Acids in Rice Salt Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaling Chen ◽  
Wenxue Huang ◽  
Fantao Zhang ◽  
Xiangdong Luo ◽  
Biaolin Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Wild Rice ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Backcross Inbred Lines ◽  
Dongxiang Wild Rice

Dongxiang common wild rice is a precious rice germplasm resource for the study and improvement of salt tolerance in rice.The metabolism profile of Dongxiang wild rice (DXWR) under salinity was determined by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) to find differential metabolites and screen potential biomarkers for salt-tolerant rice varieties. A global untargeted metabolism analysis showed 4,878 metabolites accumulated in seedlings of Dongxiang wild rice. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) results provided a clear metabolism discrimination between DXWR under control and DXWR under salinity. A total of 90 metabolites were significantly changed (49 upregulated and 41 downregulated) under salinity, of which the largest increase was in DL-2-Aminoadipic acid (27.08-fold) and the largest decrease was in L-Carnitine (0.014-fold). Amino acids and nuclear glycosides were mainly upregulated, while carbohydrates and organic acids were mainly downregulated in the salt-treated group. Among the top 10 upregulated metabolites, five kinds of differential metabolites were amino acids. According to the survival rates of the seedlings under salinity, we selected three backcross inbred lines of DXWR with survival rates above 80% as salt-tolerant progenies (pro-DS) and three backcross inbred lines with survival rates below 10% as non-salt-tolerant progenies (pro-NDS) for an amino acid change analysis. This analysis found that the change in L-Asparagine (2.59-fold) was the biggest between pro-DS and pro-NDS under salinity, revealing that the contents of L-Asparagine may be one of the indices we can use to evaluate the salt tolerance of rice varieties.

scholarly journals Advances and Challenges in the Breeding of Salt-Tolerant Rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8385
Author(s):  
Hua Qin ◽  
Yuxiang Li ◽  
Rongfeng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Salt Susceptible

Soil salinization and a degraded ecological environment are challenging agricultural productivity and food security. Rice (Oryza sativa), the staple food of much of the world’s population, is categorized as a salt-susceptible crop. Improving the salt tolerance of rice would increase the potential of saline-alkali land and ensure food security. Salt tolerance is a complex quantitative trait. Biotechnological efforts to improve the salt tolerance of rice hinge on a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying salt stress tolerance. In this review, we summarize progress in the breeding of salt-tolerant rice and in the mapping and cloning of genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with salt tolerance in rice. Furthermore, we describe biotechnological tools that can be used to cultivate salt-tolerant rice, providing a reference for efforts aimed at rapidly and precisely cultivating salt-tolerance rice varieties.

scholarly journals Physiological and Biochemical Responses to Salt Stress of Alfalfa Populations Selected for Salinity Tolerance and Grown in Symbiosis with Salt-Tolerant Rhizobium

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 569
Author(s):  
Annick Bertrand ◽  
Craig Gatzke ◽  
Marie Bipfubusa ◽  
Vicky Lévesque ◽  
Francois P. Chalifour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerant

Alfalfa and its rhizobial symbiont are sensitive to salinity. We compared the physiological responses of alfalfa populations inoculated with a salt-tolerant rhizobium strain, exposed to five NaCl concentrations (0, 20, 40, 80, or 160 mM NaCl). Two initial cultivars, Halo (H-TS0) and Bridgeview (B-TS0), and two populations obtained after three cycles of recurrent selection for salt tolerance (H-TS3 and B-TS3) were compared. Biomass, relative water content, carbohydrates, and amino acids concentrations in leaves and nodules were measured. The higher yield of TS3-populations than initial cultivars under salt stress showed the effectiveness of our selection method to improve salinity tolerance. Higher relative root water content in TS3 populations suggests that root osmotic adjustment is one of the mechanisms of salt tolerance. Higher concentrations of sucrose, pinitol, and amino acid in leaves and nodules under salt stress contributed to the osmotic adjustment in alfalfa. Cultivars differed in their response to recurrent selection: under a 160 mM NaCl-stress, aromatic amino acids and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) increased in nodules of B-ST3 as compared with B-TS0, while these accumulations were not observed in H-TS3. BCAAs are known to control bacteroid development and their accumulation under severe stress could have contributed to the high nodulation of B-TS3.

scholarly journals Whole genome sequence analysis of rice genotypes with contrasting response to salinity stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanta K. Subudhi ◽  
Rama Shankar ◽  
Mukesh Jain
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Genome Level

AbstractSalinity is a major abiotic constraint for rice farming. Abundant natural variability exists in rice germplasm for salt tolerance traits. Since few studies focused on the genome level variation in rice genotypes with contrasting response to salt stress, genomic resequencing in diverse genetic materials is needed to elucidate the molecular basis of salt tolerance mechanisms. The whole genome sequences of two salt tolerant (Pokkali and Nona Bokra) and three salt sensitive (Bengal, Cocodrie, and IR64) rice genotypes were analyzed. A total of 413 million reads were generated with a mean genome coverage of 93% and mean sequencing depth of 18X. Analysis of the DNA polymorphisms revealed that 2347 nonsynonymous SNPs and 51 frameshift mutations could differentiate the salt tolerant from the salt sensitive genotypes. The integration of genome-wide polymorphism information with the QTL mapping and expression profiling data led to identification of 396 differentially expressed genes with large effect variants in the coding regions. These genes were involved in multiple salt tolerance mechanisms, such as ion transport, oxidative stress tolerance, signal transduction, and transcriptional regulation. The genome-wide DNA polymorphisms and the promising candidate genes identified in this study represent a valuable resource for molecular breeding of salt tolerant rice varieties.

scholarly journals Identification and Validation a Major QTL from “Sea Rice 86” Seedlings Conferred Salt Tolerance

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengling Wu ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Diqiu Yu ◽  
Peng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Target Region ◽  
High Salt Tolerance

Saline stress severely affects rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth and development and reduces crop yield. Therefore, developing salt-tolerant and high-yielding rice using quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and linkage markers is a priority for molecular breeding. Here, the indica rice Sea Rice 86 (SR86) seedlings showed higher tolerance than ordinary rice varieties in saline soil, and a dominant effect on salinity sensitivity was demonstrated by genetic analysis. We constructed bulked segregant analysis pools using F2 populations from parents Dianjingyou 1 as the recipient and SR86 as the donor. We identified a 2.78 Mb region on chromosome 1 as the candidate region. Using simple sequence repeat markers and substitution analysis, we mapped the target region within 5.49 cM in the vicinity of markers RM8904–RM493. We speculated that this QTL, named qST1.1, might contribute significantly to the salt tolerance of SR86. The high salt tolerance of introgression lines obtained by marker assistant selection (MAS) confirmed that the qST1.1 region was associated with salinity tolerance. This newly-discovered QTL will be helpful for the analysis of the salt-tolerant mechanism of rice and breeding high-quality rice varieties using MAS.

scholarly journals Comparative Proteomics of Salt-Tolerant and Salt-Sensitive Maize Inbred Lines to Reveal the Molecular Mechanism of Salt Tolerance

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4725
Author(s):  
Fenqi Chen ◽  
Peng Fang ◽  
Yunling Peng ◽  
Wenjing Zeng ◽  
Xiaoqiang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Comparative Proteomics ◽  
Venn Diagram ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines

Salt stress is one of the key abiotic stresses that causes great loss of yield and serious decrease in quality in maize (Zea mays L.). Therefore, it is very important to reveal the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in maize. To acknowledge the molecular mechanisms underlying maize salt tolerance, two maize inbred lines, including salt-tolerant 8723 and salt-sensitive P138, were used in this study. Comparative proteomics of seedling roots from two maize inbred lines under 180 mM salt stress for 10 days were performed by the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) approach. A total of 1056 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. In total, 626 DEPs were identified in line 8723 under salt stress, among them, 378 up-regulated and 248 down-regulated. There were 473 DEPs identified in P138, of which 212 were up-regulated and 261 were down-regulated. Venn diagram analysis showed that 17 DEPs were up-regulated and 12 DEPs were down-regulated in the two inbred lines. In addition, 8 DEPs were up-regulated in line 8723 but down-regulated in P138, 6 DEPs were down-regulated in line 8723 but up-regulated in P138. In salt-stressed 8723, the DEPs were primarily associated with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Intriguingly, the DEPs were only associated with the nitrogen metabolism pathway in P138. Compared to P138, the root response to salt stress in 8723 could maintain stronger water retention capacity, osmotic regulation ability, synergistic effects of antioxidant enzymes, energy supply capacity, signal transduction, ammonia detoxification ability, lipid metabolism, and nucleic acid synthesis. Based on the proteome sequencing information, changes of 8 DEPs abundance were related to the corresponding mRNA levels by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Our results from this study may elucidate some details of salt tolerance mechanisms and salt tolerance breeding of maize.

scholarly journals Identification, Analysis, and Confirmation of Seed Storability-Related Loci in Dongxiang Wild Rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.)

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1831
Author(s):  
Minmin Zhao ◽  
Biaolin Hu ◽  
Yuanwei Fan ◽  
Gumu Ding ◽  
Wanling Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Rice ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Oryza Rufipogon ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Oryza Rufipogon Griff ◽  
Dongxiang Wild Rice ◽  
Candidate Loci ◽  
Seed Storability

Dongxiang wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) (DXWR) has strong seed storability and identifying its elite gene resources may facilitate genetic improvements in rice seed storability. In this study, we developed two backcross inbred lines (BILs) populations, with DXWR as a common donor parent and two rice varieties (F6 and R974) as recipient parents. Bulked segregant analysis via whole genome sequencing (BSA-seq) was used to identify seed storability-related loci in the DXWR and F6 population. Two main genomic regions containing 18,550,000–20,870,000 bp on chromosome 4 and 7,860,000–9,780,000 bp on chromosome 9 were identified as candidate loci of DXWR seed storability; these overlapped partially with seed storability-related quantitative trait loci (QTLs) discovered in previous studies, suggesting that these loci may provide important regions for isolating the responsible genes. In total, 448 annotated genes were predicted within the identified regions, of which 274 and 82 had nonsynonymous and frameshift mutations, respectively. We detected extensive metabolic activities and cellular processes during seed storability and confirmed the effects of the seed storability-related candidate loci using four BILs from DXWR and R974. These results may facilitate the cloning of DXWR seed storability-related genes, thereby elucidating rice seed storability and its improvement potential.

scholarly journals Reliability of ion accumulation and growth components for selecting salt tolerant lines in large populations of rice

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanveer Ul Haq ◽  
Javaid Akhtar ◽  
Katherine A. Steele ◽  
Rana Munns ◽  
John Gorham
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Mapping Population ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Ion Accumulation ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Leaf Injury ◽  
Large Populations

Ion accumulation and growth under salt stress was studied in two experiments in a rice mapping population derived from parents CO39 and Moroberekan with 4-fold differences in shoot Na+ accumulation. The 120 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) had differences up to 100-fold in Na+. Measurement of ‘salt tolerance’ (biomass production of the RILs in 100 mM NaCl relative to controls) after 42 days showed a 2-fold variation in ‘salt tolerance’ between parents, with five RILs being more tolerant than the more tolerant parent CO39. The reliability of various traits for selecting salt tolerance in large populations was explored by measuring Na+, K+ and K+/Na+ ratios in leaf blades and sheaths after 7 or 21 days of exposure to 100 mM NaCl, and their correlation with various growth components and with leaf injury. The highest correlations were found for Na+ in the leaf blade on day 21 with injury at day 42 in both experiments (r = 0.7). Earlier measurements of Na+ or of injury had lower correlations. The most sensitive growth components were tiller number plant–1 and shoot water content (g water g–1 dry weight), and these were correlated significantly with Na+ and, to a lesser extent, with K+/Na+. These studies showed that exposure for at least 42 days may be needed to clearly demonstrate the beneficial effect of the trait for Na+ exclusion on growth under salinity.

Biochemical and molecular characterisations of salt tolerance components in rice varieties tolerant and sensitive to NaCl: the relevance of Na+ exclusion in salt tolerance in the species

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Amber Gupta ◽  
Birendra P. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Induced Expression ◽  
Soil Salinisation ◽  
Vacuolar Sequestration

Soil salinisation is a major abiotic stress in agriculture, and is especially a concern for rice production because among cereal crops, rice is the most salt-sensitive. However, the production of rice must be increased substantially by the year 2050 to meet the demand of the ever growing population. Hence, understanding the biochemical events determining salt tolerance in rice is highly desirable so that the trait can be introduced in cultivars of interest through biotechnological intervention. In this context, an initial study on NaCl response in four Indica rice varieties showed a lower uptake of Na+ in the salt-tolerant Nona Bokra and Pokkali than in the salt-sensitive IR64 and IR29, indicating Na+ exclusion as a primary requirement of salt tolerance in the species. This was also supported by the following features in the salt-tolerant, but not in the -sensitive varieties: (1) highly significant NaCl-induced increase in the activity of PM-H+ATPase, (2) a high constitutive level and NaCl-induced threonine phosphorylation of PM-H+ATPase, necessary to promote its activity, (3) a high constitutive expression of 14-3-3 protein that makes PM-H+ATPase active by binding with the phosphorylated threonine at the C-terminal end, (4) a high constitutive and NaCl-induced expression of SOS1 in roots, and (5) significant NaCl-induced expression of OsCIPK 24, a SOS2 that phosphorylates SOS1. The vacuolar sequestration of Na+ in seedlings was not reflected from the expression pattern of NHX1/NHX1 in response to NaCl. NaCl-induced downregulation of expression of HKTs in roots of Nona Bokra, but upregulation in Pokkali also indicates that their role in salt tolerance in rice could be cultivar specific. The study indicates that consideration of increasing exclusion of Na+ by enhancing the efficiency of SOS1/PM-H+ATPase Na+ exclusion module could be an important aspect in attempting to increase salt tolerance in the rice varieties or cultivars of interest.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document