scholarly journals Reliability of ion accumulation and growth components for selecting salt tolerant lines in large populations of rice

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanveer Ul Haq ◽  
Javaid Akhtar ◽  
Katherine A. Steele ◽  
Rana Munns ◽  
John Gorham
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Mapping Population ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Ion Accumulation ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Leaf Injury ◽  
Large Populations

Ion accumulation and growth under salt stress was studied in two experiments in a rice mapping population derived from parents CO39 and Moroberekan with 4-fold differences in shoot Na+ accumulation. The 120 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) had differences up to 100-fold in Na+. Measurement of ‘salt tolerance’ (biomass production of the RILs in 100 mM NaCl relative to controls) after 42 days showed a 2-fold variation in ‘salt tolerance’ between parents, with five RILs being more tolerant than the more tolerant parent CO39. The reliability of various traits for selecting salt tolerance in large populations was explored by measuring Na+, K+ and K+/Na+ ratios in leaf blades and sheaths after 7 or 21 days of exposure to 100 mM NaCl, and their correlation with various growth components and with leaf injury. The highest correlations were found for Na+ in the leaf blade on day 21 with injury at day 42 in both experiments (r = 0.7). Earlier measurements of Na+ or of injury had lower correlations. The most sensitive growth components were tiller number plant–1 and shoot water content (g water g–1 dry weight), and these were correlated significantly with Na+ and, to a lesser extent, with K+/Na+. These studies showed that exposure for at least 42 days may be needed to clearly demonstrate the beneficial effect of the trait for Na+ exclusion on growth under salinity.

scholarly journals Characterization of Maize Hybrids (Zea mays L.) for Detecting Salt Tolerance Based on Morpho-Physiological Characteristics, Ion Accumulation and Genetic Variability at Early Vegetative Stage

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2549
Author(s):  
Md Al Samsul Huqe ◽  
Md Sabibul Haque ◽  
Ashaduzzaman Sagar ◽  
Md Nesar Uddin ◽  
Md Alamgir Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ion Accumulation ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio

Increasing soil salinity due to global warming severely restricts crop growth and yield. To select and recommend salt-tolerant cultivars, extensive genotypic screening and examination of plants’ morpho-physiological responses to salt stress are required. In this study, 18 prescreened maize hybrid cultivars were examined at the early growth stage under a hydroponic system using multivariate analysis to demonstrate the genotypic and phenotypic variations of the selected cultivars under salt stress. The seedlings of all maize cultivars were evaluated with two salt levels: control (without NaCl) and salt stress (12 dS m−1 simulated with NaCl) for 28 d. A total of 18 morpho-physiological and ion accumulation traits were dissected using multivariate analysis, and salt tolerance index (STI) values of the examined traits were evaluated for grouping of cultivars into salt-tolerant and -sensitive groups. Salt stress significantly declined all measured traits except root–shoot ratio (RSR), while the cultivars responded differently. The cultivars were grouped into three clusters and the cultivars in Cluster-1 such as Prabhat, UniGreen NK41, Bisco 51, UniGreen UB100, Bharati 981 and Star Beej 7Star exhibited salt tolerance to a greater extent, accounting for higher STI in comparison to other cultivars grouped in Cluster-2 and Cluster-3. The high heritability (h2bs, >60%) and genetic advance (GAM, >20%) were recorded in 13 measured traits, indicating considerable genetic variations present in these traits. Therefore, using multivariate analysis based on the measured traits, six hybrid maize cultivars were selected as salt-tolerant and some traits such as Total Fresh Weight (TFW), Total Dry Weight (TDW), Total Na+, Total K+ contents and K+–Na+ Ratio could be effectively used for the selection criteria evaluating salt-tolerant maize genotypes at the early seedling stage.

scholarly journals Mapping QTLs for Salt Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) by Bulked Segregant Analysis of Recombinant Inbred Lines Using 50K SNP Chip

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e0153610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushma Tiwari ◽  
Krishnamurthy SL ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Balwant Singh ◽  
AR Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Snp Chip

scholarly journals Salt-Tolerance in Castor Bean (Ricinus communis L.) Is Associated with Thicker Roots and Better Tissue K+/Na+ Distribution

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 821
Author(s):  
Junlin Zheng ◽  
Gilang B. F. Suhono ◽  
Yinghao Li ◽  
Maggie Ying Jiang ◽  
Yinglong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Ricinus Communis L ◽  
Young Leaves

Soil salinity is a serious threat to agriculture worldwide. Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is an in-demand oilseed crop containing 40–60% highly valued oil in its seeds. It is moderately sensitive to salinity. Two glasshouse experiments were conducted to assess plant growth and ion tissue distribution in different castor bean genotypes under various salt stress conditions to explore their potential for cultivation on saline land. Experiment 1 evaluated the response of five castor bean genotypes to four salt treatments (0, 50, 100, or 150 mM NaCl) up to 91 days after sowing (DAS). Experiment 2 further evaluated two genotypes selected from Experiment 1 in 1 m deep PVC tubes exposed to 0, 100, or 200 mM NaCl treatment for 112 DAS (Experiment 2). Experiment 1 showed that salt addition (particularly 150 mM NaCl) reduced plant height, stem diameter, shoot and root dry weights, photosynthetic traits, and leaf K+/Na+ ratio while increasing the leaf Na+ concentration of castor bean plants. Two genotypes, Zibo (Chinese variety) and Freo (Australian wild type), were more salt-tolerant than the other tested genotypes. In Experiment 2, salt-stressed Zibo flowered earlier than the control, while flowering time of Freo was not influenced by salt stress. The 200 mM NaCl treatment reduced the total root length and increased the average root diameter of both Zibo and Freo compared to the control. In addition, the 200 mM NaCl treatment significantly decreased total leaf area, chlorophyll content, and shoot and root dry weight of both castor bean genotypes by 50%, 10.6%, 53.1%, and 59.4%, respectively, relative to the control. In contrast, the 100 mM NaCl treatment did not significantly affect these traits, indicating that both genotypes tolerated salt stress up to 100 mM NaCl. In general, Freo had greater salt tolerance than Zibo, due to its higher average root diameter, lower Na+ concentration, and higher K+/Na+ ratio in young leaves under salt conditions. In conclusion, genotype Freo is recommended for cultivation in saline soils and could be used to breed high-yielding and salt-tolerant castor bean genotypes.

scholarly journals Detecting Salt Tolerance in Doubled Haploid Wheat Lines

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Ashkar ◽  
Alderfasi ◽  
El-Hendawy ◽  
Al-Suhaibani ◽  
El-Kafafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Wheat Lines

Improving salt tolerance of genotypes requires a source of genetic variation and multiple accurate selection criteria for discriminating their salt tolerance. A combination of morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters and multivariate analysis was used to detect salt tolerance variation in 15 wheat lines developed by doubled haploid (DHL) technique. They were then compared with the salt-tolerant check cultivar Sakha 93. Salinity stress was investigated at three salinity levels (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) for 25 days. Considerable genetic variation was observed for all traits, as was high heritability (>60%) and genetic gain (>20%). Principal component analysis indicated the ability of nine traits (root number, root length, root dry weight, shoot length, shoot dry weight, specific root length, relative water content, membrane stability index, and catalase) to identify differences in salinity tolerance among lines. Three traits (shoot length, shoot dry weight, and catalase) were indicative of salt-tolerance, indicating their importance in improving and evaluating salt tolerant genotypes for breeding programs. The salinity tolerance membership index based on these three traits classified one new line (DHL21) and the check cultivar (Sakha 93) as highly salt-tolerant, DHL25, DHL26, DHL2, DHL11, and DHL5 as tolerant, and DHL23 and DHL12 as intermediate. Discriminant function analysis and MANOVA suggested differences among the five groups of tolerance. Among the donor genotypes, Sakha 93 remained the donor of choice for improving salinity tolerance during the seedling stage. The tolerated lines (DHL21, DHL25, DHL26, DHL2, DHL11, and DHL5) could be also recommended as useful and novel genetic resources for improving salinity tolerance of wheat in breeding programs.

Assessment of salt tolerance and analysis of the salt tolerance gene Ncl in Indonesian soybean germplasm

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 265-271
Author(s):  
D. Cao ◽  
Y. L. Yan ◽  
D. H. Xu
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Tolerance Gene ◽  
Salt Tolerance Gene ◽  
Hydroponic Conditions

AbstractSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is one of the most important legume crops in the world. However, soybean grain yield is extensively affected by environmental stresses such as soil salinity. In this study, we evaluated the germplasm of 51 Indonesian soybean accessions for salt tolerance to identify salt-tolerant germplasms for possible use in breeding for soybean salt tolerance. Based on experiments under hydroponic conditions, adding 100 mM of NaCl to a 1/2 concentration of Hoagland and Arnon solution, several Indonesian soybean germplasms, such as Java 7, Seputih Raman, Tambora, Ringgit (JP 30217), Sinyonya (early) and Sinyonya (late) were identified as salt-tolerant in terms of salt tolerance rate (STR) and leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD value) taken with the Konica Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter. The selected salt-tolerant germplasms were further evaluated under soil medium cultivation in pots irrigated with 100 mM NaCl for around 5 weeks. The six selected soybean germplasms again showed higher salt tolerance in terms of SPAD, STR and shoot dry weight. Expression analysis of the salt tolerance gene Ncl revealed a significant positive correlation between Ncl expression and salt tolerance, suggesting that Ncl is essential for salt tolerance in the Indonesian soybean germplasms we tested. The salt-tolerant Indonesian soybean germplasms identified in this study could be used in local soybean breeding practices for the improvement of salt tolerance.

scholarly journals Comparative Proteomics of Salt-Tolerant and Salt-Sensitive Maize Inbred Lines to Reveal the Molecular Mechanism of Salt Tolerance

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4725
Author(s):  
Fenqi Chen ◽  
Peng Fang ◽  
Yunling Peng ◽  
Wenjing Zeng ◽  
Xiaoqiang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Comparative Proteomics ◽  
Venn Diagram ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines

Salt stress is one of the key abiotic stresses that causes great loss of yield and serious decrease in quality in maize (Zea mays L.). Therefore, it is very important to reveal the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in maize. To acknowledge the molecular mechanisms underlying maize salt tolerance, two maize inbred lines, including salt-tolerant 8723 and salt-sensitive P138, were used in this study. Comparative proteomics of seedling roots from two maize inbred lines under 180 mM salt stress for 10 days were performed by the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) approach. A total of 1056 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. In total, 626 DEPs were identified in line 8723 under salt stress, among them, 378 up-regulated and 248 down-regulated. There were 473 DEPs identified in P138, of which 212 were up-regulated and 261 were down-regulated. Venn diagram analysis showed that 17 DEPs were up-regulated and 12 DEPs were down-regulated in the two inbred lines. In addition, 8 DEPs were up-regulated in line 8723 but down-regulated in P138, 6 DEPs were down-regulated in line 8723 but up-regulated in P138. In salt-stressed 8723, the DEPs were primarily associated with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Intriguingly, the DEPs were only associated with the nitrogen metabolism pathway in P138. Compared to P138, the root response to salt stress in 8723 could maintain stronger water retention capacity, osmotic regulation ability, synergistic effects of antioxidant enzymes, energy supply capacity, signal transduction, ammonia detoxification ability, lipid metabolism, and nucleic acid synthesis. Based on the proteome sequencing information, changes of 8 DEPs abundance were related to the corresponding mRNA levels by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Our results from this study may elucidate some details of salt tolerance mechanisms and salt tolerance breeding of maize.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Wheat Germplasm for Salt Tolerance

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Quan ◽  
Xiaoli Liang ◽  
Hongmei Li ◽  
Chunjuan Xie ◽  
Wenxing He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Wheat Genotypes

Salinity is one of the limiting factors of wheat production worldwide. A total of 334 internationally derived wheat genotypes were employed to identify new germplasm resources for salt tolerance breeding. Salt stress caused 39, 49, 58, 55, 21 and 39% reductions in shoot dry weight (SDW), root dry weight (RDW), shoot fresh weight (SFW), root fresh weight (RFW), shoot height (SH) and root length (RL) of wheat, respectively, compared with the control condition at the seedling stage. The wheat genotypes showed a wide genetic and tissue diversity for the determined characteristics in response to salt stress. Finally, 12 wheat genotypes were identified as salt-tolerant through a combination of one-factor (more emphasis on the biomass yield) and multifactor analysis. In general, greater accumulation of osmotic substances, efficient use of soluble sugars, lower Na+/K+ and a higher-efficiency antioxidative system contribute to better growth in the tolerant genotypes under salt stress. In other words, the tolerant genotypes are capable of maintaining stable osmotic potential and ion and redox homeostasis and providing more energy and materials for root growth. The identified genotypes with higher salt tolerance could be useful for developing new salt-tolerant wheat cultivars as well as in further studies to underline the genetic mechanisms of salt tolerance in wheat.

scholarly journals TeoNAM: a nested association mapping population for domestication and agronomic trait analysis in maize

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuyue Chen ◽  
Chin Jian Yang ◽  
Alessandra M. York ◽  
Wei Xue ◽  
Lora L. Daskalska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Mapping ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Mapping Population ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Nested Association Mapping ◽  
Nested Association Mapping Population ◽  
Association Mapping Population

AbstractRecombinant inbred lines (RILs) are an important resource for mapping genes controlling complex traits in many species. While RIL populations have been developed for maize, a maize RIL population with multiple teosinte inbred lines as parents has been lacking. Here, we report a teosinte nested association mapping population (TeoNAM), derived from crossing five teosinte inbreds to the maize inbred line W22. The resulting 1257 BC1S4 RILs were genotyped with 51,544 SNPs, providing a high-density genetic map with a length of 1540 cM. On average, each RIL is 15% homozygous teosinte and 8% heterozygous. We performed joint linkage mapping (JLM) and genome-wide association study (GWAS) for 22 domestication and agronomic traits. A total of 255 QTLs from JLM were identified with many of these mapping to known genes or novel candidate genes. TeoNAM is a useful resource for QTL mapping for the discovery of novel allelic variation from teosinte. TeoNAM provides the first report that PROSTRATE GROWTH1, a rice domestication gene, is also a QTL associated with tillering in teosinte and maize. We detected multiple QTLs for flowering time and other traits for which the teosinte allele contributes to a more maize-like phenotype. Such QTL could be valuable in maize improvement.

scholarly journals A Simple and Cost-effective Approach for Salt Tolerance Evaluation in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Seedlings

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1280-1287
Author(s):  
Waltram Ravelombola ◽  
Jun Qin ◽  
Yuejin Weng ◽  
Beiquan Mou ◽  
Ainong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Leaf Injury

Little has been done with respect to breeding for salt-tolerant cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) cultivars despite of salt stress being a growing threat to cowpea production. Seedling stage is one the most susceptible stages to salt stress in cowpea. Establishing a streamlined methodology for rapidly screening a large number of genotypes will significantly contribute toward enhancing cowpea breeding for salt tolerance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish and validate a simple approach for salt tolerance evaluation in cowpea seedlings. A total of 30 genotypes including two controls (PI582468, a salt-tolerant genotype, and PI255774, a salt-sensitive genotype) were greenhouse-grown under 0 mm and 200 mm NaCl. A total of 14 above-ground traits were evaluated. Results revealed: (1) significant differences were observed in average number of dead plants per pot, leaf injury scores, relative salt tolerance (RST) for chlorophyll, plant height, and leaf and stem biomass among the 30 genotypes; (2) all PI255774 plants were completely dead, whereas those of PI582438 were fully green after 2 weeks of salt stress, which validated this methodology; (3) RST for chlorophyll content was highly correlated with number of dead plants and leaf injury scores; (4) RST for leaf biomass was moderately correlated with number of dead plants and leaf injury scores; and (5) RST in plant height was poorly correlated with number of dead plants and leaf injury scores Therefore, less number of dead plants per pot, high chlorophyll content, and less leaf injury scores were good criteria for salt tolerance evaluation in cowpea. This study provided a simple methodology and suggested straightforward criteria to evaluate salt tolerance at seedling stage in cowpea.

scholarly journals Using Principal Component Analysis and RNA-Seq to Identify Candidate Genes That Control Salt Tolerance in Garlic (Allium sativum L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
Xiangjun Zhou ◽  
Yanxia Dou ◽  
Xiaoxia Huang ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
Hongrui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Leaves And Roots

To examine physiological responses of garlic to salinity, 17-day-old seedlings of eight soft-neck accessions were treated with 200 mM NaCl for seven days in a hydroponic system. Several morphological and physiological traits were measured at the end of the treatment, including shoot height, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, photosynthesis rate, and concentrations of Na+ and K+ in leaves. The principal component analysis showed that shoot dry weight and K+/Na+ ratio contribute the most to salt tolerance among the garlic accessions. As a result, salt-tolerant and sensitive accessions were grouped based on these two parameters. Furthermore, to investigate the molecular mechanisms in garlic in response to salinity, the transcriptomes of leaves and roots between salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive garlic accessions were compared. Approximately 1.5 billion read pairs were obtained from 24 libraries generated from the leaves and roots of the salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive garlic accessions. A total of 47,509 genes were identified by mapping the cleaned reads to the garlic reference genome. Statistical analysis indicated that 1282 and 1068 genes were upregulated solely in the tolerant leaves and roots, whereas 1505 and 1203 genes were downregulated exclusively in the tolerant leaves and roots after NaCl treatment, respectively. Functional categorization of these genes revealed their involvement in a variety of biological processes. Several genes important for carotenoid biosynthesis, auxin signaling, and K+ transport were strongly altered in roots by NaCl treatment and could be candidate genes for garlic salt tolerance improvement.

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