scholarly journals Exogenous Calcium Delays Grape Berry Maturation in the White cv. Loureiro While Increasing Fruit Firmness and Flavonol Content

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Martins ◽  
Marianne Unlubayir ◽  
António Teixeira ◽  
Arnaud Lanoue ◽  
Hernâni Gerós
Keyword(s):  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Fruit Maturation ◽  
Targeted Metabolomics ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Exogenous Calcium ◽  
Amino Acid Levels ◽  
Berry Maturation

Vineyard calcium (Ca) sprays have been increasingly used by grape growers to improve fruit firmness and thus maintain quality, particularly in periods of heavy rains and hail. The observation that Ca visibly modified berry size, texture, and color in the most prominent white cultivar of the DOC region ‘Vinhos Verdes’, cultivar (cv.) Loureiro, led us to hypothesize that Ca induced metabolic rearrangements that resulted in a substantial delay in fruit maturation. Targeted metabolomics by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and directed transcriptomics were thus combined to characterize the metabolic and transcriptional profiles of cv. Loureiro berries that, together with firmness, °Brix, and fruit weight measurements, allowed to obtain an integrated picture of the biochemical and structural effects of Ca in this cultivar. Results showed that exogenous Ca decreased amino acid levels in ripe berries while upregulating PAL1 expression, and stimulated the accumulation of caftaric, coutaric, and fertaric acids. An increase in the levels of specific stilbenoids, namely E-piceid and E-ω-viniferin, was observed, which correlated with the upregulation of STS expression. Trace amounts of anthocyanins were detected in berries of this white cultivar, but Ca treatment further inhibited their accumulation. The increased berry flavonol content upon Ca treatment confirmed that Ca delays the maturation process, which was further supported by an increase in fruit firmness and decrease in weight and °Brix at harvest. This newly reported effect may be specific to white cultivars, a topic that deserves further investigation.

scholarly journals Effects of 1-MCP on External Postharvest Qualities and Shelf Life of ‘Maha Chanok’ Mango Fruit

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
B. Chutichudet ◽  
Prasit Chutichudet ◽  
Usana Trainoak
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Storage Life ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Mango Fruit ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fruit Decay ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Storage

<p>‘Maha Chanok’<strong> </strong>mango is an economic fruit crop widely cultivated commercially throughout Thailand. By nature, mango fruit has a rather limited storage life after harvest. 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) has been accepted as a commercial substance to improve several fruit qualities. The objective of this research was to study the effects of 1-MCP on the external postharvest qualities and storage life on the ‘Maha Chanok’ mango fruit. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design with three replicates, ten fruits per replicate. Mango fruit was fumigated with 1-MCP at three concentrations (1000, 1250, or 1500 nl l<sup>-1</sup>) and three fumigation periods (12, 18, or 24 h), compared with the control fruit. After treating, all treatments were stored under ambient temperature (27 °C, 80%R.H.). The following determinations were made every two days for assessment of fruit weight loss, firmness, chlorophyll content, decay incidence, and storage life. The results showed that fruit treated with 1500 nl l<sup>-1</sup><strong> </strong>1-MCP for 24 h had the maximal fruit firmness. For chlorophyll content, the results showed that fruit-treated with 1500 nl l<sup>-1</sup><strong> </strong>1-MCP for 12 h could effectively retain the highest chlorophyll contents. Furthermore, both the lowest fruit decay and the longest storage life of 12 days were achieved from the fruit treated with 1000 nl l<sup>-1</sup><strong> </strong>1-MCP for 12 h.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of Surfactants on Pressure Infiltration of Calcium Chloride Solutions into `Golden Delicious' Apples

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Saftner ◽  
J. George Buta ◽  
William S. Conway ◽  
Carl E. Sams
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Pressure Infiltration ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Infiltration Technique ◽  
Proportional Increase ◽  
Tween 60 ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Carbon Based

The effects of 36 organosilicone and conventional carbon-based surfactants on postharvest infiltration of radiolabeled and unlabeled Ca solutions into `Golden Delicious' apples (Malus domestica Borkh) were examined to devise a more efficient pressure infiltration technique to increase fruit Ca concentration. Radiolabeled Ca infiltration and the proportional increase in fruit Ca estimated by fruit weight gain from Ca solutions of known concentration were significantly enhanced by a range of surfactants having different chemical structures. Tween 60 and 80; Triton X-45, X-100, X-114, X-305, and X-405; and Silwet L-77 and L-7604 enhanced Ca infiltration. The two organosilicone surfactants, Silwet L-77 and Silwet L-7604, known for their greater capacity to lower the surface tension of solutions than conventional carbon-based surfactants, were the most effective at augmenting Ca infiltration. Applications of surfactants to fruit were as or more effective when used as a pretreatment rather than mixing the surfactant with the Ca solutions. The pressure necessary to increase Ca to levels considered sufficient to maintain fruit firmness and resist decay during storage could be lowered in fruit treated with organosilicone surfactants. Sequential postharvest surfactant and Ca treatments may be a practical means of increasing the Ca concentration in apples.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF LATE PLUM CULTIVARS IN THE REGION OF BELGRADE (SERBIA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Milatović ◽  
Dejan Đurović ◽  
Gordan Zec ◽  
Aleksandar Radović ◽  
Đorđe Boškov
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Fruit Maturation ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Maturation Period ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Late Maturation

Phenological traits, yield, and fruit characteristics of 14 plum cultivars of late maturation period were stud-ied in the region of Belgrade in the five-year period (2013–2017). The control cultivar for comparison was ‘Stanley’. The average time of flowering was in the first half of April, and of fruit maturation in the second half of August and the beginning of September. Yield per tree was lowest in the cultivar ‘Pozna Plava’ (10.2 kg) and highest in the cultivar ‘Topking’ (23.6 kg). Compared to the control, significantly lower yield was achieved in three cultivars: ‘Pozna Plava’, ‘Vengerka Pozdnyaya’, and ‘Narach’. Fruit weight ranged from 26.1 g in the cultivar ‘Elena’ to 57.0 g in the cultivar ‘Empress’. Compared to the control, it was sig-nificantly higher in three cultivars (‘Empress’, ‘Vengerka Pozdnyaya’, and ‘Tophit’). All studied cultivars had high soluble solids content, ranging from 17.1% to 21.6%. The best rated cultivar for fruit appearance was ‘Empress’, while cultivars ‘Nada’ and ‘Pozna Plava’ were best scored for taste.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Analyses of Root Restriction Effects on Phytohormone Content and Signal Transduction during Grape Berry Development and Ripening

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 2300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Leng ◽  
Jinping Cao ◽  
Shiping Wang ◽  
Ling Jiang ◽  
Xian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathways ◽  
Berry Development ◽  
Seedless Grape ◽  
Root Restriction

Phytohormones strongly influence growth, development and nutritional quality of agricultural products by modulating molecular and biochemical changes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of root restriction (RR) treatment on the dynamic changes of main phytohormones during the berry development and ripening of “Summer Black” early ripening seedless grape (Vitis vinifera × V. labrusca), and to analyze the changes in the biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways of phytohormones by transcriptomics. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS) were used to quantify the phytohormone levels, and RNA-Seq was used to analyze the transcript abundance. The results showed that 23 transcripts involved in the phytohormone biosynthesis and 34 transcripts involved in the signal transduction pathways were significantly changed by RR treatment. RR also increased abscisic acid, brassinosteroid, ethylene, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid levels, while decreasing auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin contents. The results of the present study suggest that RR treatment can accelerate the grape ripening process, and specific candidate genes were identified for further functional analysis.

Changes in glycosylation patterns of monoterpenes during grape berry maturation in six cultivars of Vitis vinifera

2019 ◽  
Vol 297 ◽  
pp. 124921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Godshaw ◽  
Anna K. Hjelmeland ◽  
Jerry Zweigenbaum ◽  
Susan E. Ebeler
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Berry Maturation

scholarly journals Non-Targeted Metabolomics Reveals Sorghum Rhizosphere-Associated Exudates are Influenced by the Belowground Interaction of Substrate and Sorghum Genotype

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah B. Miller ◽  
Adam L. Heuberger ◽  
Corey D. Broeckling ◽  
Courtney E. Jahn
Keyword(s):  
Plant Traits ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Root Exudation ◽  
Metabolite Identification ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Targeted Metabolomics ◽  
Major Bottleneck ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Plant Process

Root exudation is an important plant process by which roots release small molecules into the rhizosphere that serve in overall plant functioning. Yet, there is a major gap in our knowledge in translating plant root exudation in artificial systems (i.e., hydroponics, sterile media) to crops, specifically for soils expected in field conditions. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) root exudation was determined using both ultra-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry-based non-targeted metabolomics to evaluate variation in exudate composition of two sorghum genotypes among three substrates (sand, clay, and soil). Above and belowground plant traits were measured to determine the interaction between sorghum genotype and belowground substrate. Plant growth and quantitative exudate composition were found to vary largely by substrate. Two types of changes to rhizosphere metabolites were observed: rhizosphere-enhanced metabolites (REMs) and rhizosphere-abated metabolites (RAMs). More REMs and RAMs were detected in sand and clay substrates compared to the soil substrate. This study demonstrates that belowground substrate influences the root exudate profile in sorghum, and that two sorghum genotypes exuded metabolites at different magnitudes. However, metabolite identification remains a major bottleneck in non-targeted metabolite profiling of the rhizosphere.

Grape berry development : A review

OENO One ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paraskevi Diakou-Verdin ◽  
Jean-Pierre Carde ◽  
Jean-Pierre Gaudillère ◽  
François Barrieu ◽  
Nathalie Ollat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Berry Development ◽  
Growth Structure ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Highly Sensitive

<p style="text-align: justify;">Grape berry development is reviewed with special focus on berry growth, structure, substances imported, organic acid and sugar metabolism. Berry growth is divided into two growth periods. Berry structure and ultra structure are adapted to sink function. Exocarp cells are characterized by intensive metabolic capacities, flesh cells by a storage role. Early growth is highly sensitive to internal and external parameters. Berry size is largely defined during the first growth period. After "véraison", the berry becomes a major storage sink. Many changes occur in berry metabolism and gene expression. Genomic researches are promising to elucidate the mechanisms of berry development.</p>

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