GhCLCg-1, a Vacuolar Chloride Channel, Contributes to Salt Tolerance by Regulating Ion Accumulation in Upland Cotton

Soil and freshwater salinization is increasingly becoming a problem worldwide and has adversely affected plant growth. However, most of the related studies have focused on sodium ion (Na+) stress, with relatively little research on chloride ion (Cl–) stress. Here, we found that upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) plants accumulated Cl– and exhibited strong growth inhibition under NaCl or KCl treatment. Then, a chloride channel gene (GhCLCg-1) was cloned from upland cotton. Phylogenetic and sequence analyses indicated that GhCLCg-1 was highly homologous to AtCLCg and also have conserved voltage_CLC and CBS domains. The subcellular localization assay showed that GhCLCg-1 was localized on the vacuolar membrane. Gene expression analyses revealed that the expression of GhCLCg-1 increased rapidly in cotton in response to chloride stress (NaCl or KCl), and the transcript levels increased as the chloride stress intensified. The overexpression of GhCLCg-1 in Arabidopsis thaliana changed the uptake of ions with a decrease of the Na+/K+ ratios in the roots, stems, and leaves, and enhanced salt tolerance. In contrast, silencing GhCLCg-1 in cotton plants increased the Cl– contents in the roots, stems, and leaves and the Na+/K+ ratios in the stems and leaves, resulting in compromised salt tolerance. These results provide important insights into the toxicity of chloride to plants and also indicate that GhCLCg-1 can positively regulates salt tolerance by adjusting ion accumulation in upland cotton.

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Genome-wide analysis of chloride channel-encoding gene family members and identification of CLC genes that respond to Cl−/salt stress in upland cotton

Molecular Biology Reports ◽

10.1007/s11033-020-06023-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (12) ◽

pp. 9361-9371

Author(s):

Xun Liu ◽

Boyi Pi ◽

Jianwei Pu ◽

Cong Cheng ◽

Jiajia Fang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Gene Family ◽

Chloride Channel ◽

Upland Cotton ◽

Family Members ◽

Genome Wide Analysis ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Encoding Gene

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A Genome-Wide Association Study Revealed Key SNPs/Genes Associated With Salinity Stress Tolerance In Upland Cotton

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes10100829 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 829 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Muhammad Yasir ◽

Shoupu He ◽

Gaofei Sun ◽

Xiaoli Geng ◽

Zhaoe Pan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Tolerance ◽

Association Study ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Upland Cotton ◽

Genome Wide Association Study ◽

Genome Wide Association ◽

Genome Wide ◽

A Genome ◽

Salinity Stress Tolerance

Millions of hectares of land are too saline to produce economically valuable crop yields. Salt tolerance in cotton is an imperative approach for improvement in response to ever-increasing soil salinization. Little is known about the genetic basis of salt tolerance in cotton at the seedling stage. To address this issue, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted on a core collection of a genetically diverse population of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) comprising of 419 accessions, representing various geographic origins, including China, USA, Pakistan, the former Soviet Union, Chad, Australia, Brazil, Mexico, Sudan, and Uganda. Phenotypic evaluation of 7 traits under control (0 mM) and treatment (150 mM) NaCl conditions depicted the presence of broad natural variation in the studied population. The association study was carried out with the efficient mixed-model association eXpedited software package. A total of 17,264 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with different salinity stress tolerance related traits were found. Twenty-three candidate SNPs related to salinity stress-related traits were selected. Final key SNPs were selected based on the r2 value with nearby SNPs in a linkage disequilibrium (LD) block. Twenty putative candidate genes surrounding SNPs, A10_95330133 and D10_61258588, associated with leaf relative water content, RWC_150, and leaf fresh weight, FW_150, were identified, respectively. We further validated the expression patterns of twelve candidate genes with qRT-PCR, which revealed different expression levels in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive genotypes. The results of our GWAS provide useful knowledge about the genetic control of salt tolerance at the seedling stage, which could assist in elucidating the genetic and molecular mechanisms of salinity stress tolerance in cotton plants.

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The Recretohalophyte Tamarix TrSOS1 Gene Confers Enhanced Salt Tolerance to Transgenic Hairy Root Composite Cotton Seedlings Exhibiting Virus-Induced Gene Silencing of GhSOS1

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20122930 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (12) ◽

pp. 2930 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Benning Che ◽

Cong Cheng ◽

Jiajia Fang ◽

Yongmei Liu ◽

Li Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Gene Silencing ◽

Hairy Root ◽

Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽

Yeast Mutant ◽

Transgenic Hairy Root ◽

Cotton Plants ◽

Stems And Leaves ◽

Root Vigor

The salt overly sensitive 1 (SOS1) gene encodes the plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter, SOS1, that is mainly responsible for extruding Na+ from the cytoplasm and reducing the Na+ content in plants under salt stress and is considered a vital determinant in conferring salt tolerance to the plant. However, studies on the salt tolerance function of the TrSOS1 gene of recretohalophytes, such as Tamarix, are limited. In this work, the effects of salt stress on cotton seedlings transformed with tobacco-rattle-virus-based virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of the endogenous GhSOS1 gene, or Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain K599-mediated TrSOS1-transgenic hairy root composite cotton plants exhibiting VIGS of GhSOS1 were first investigated. Then, with Arabidopsis thaliana AtSOS1 as a reference, differences in the complementation effect of TrSOS1 or GhSOS1 in a yeast mutant were compared under salt treatment. Results showed that compared to empty-vector-transformed plants, GhSOS1-VIGS-transformed cotton plants were more sensitive to salt stress and had reduced growth, insufficient root vigor, and increased Na+ content and Na+/K+ ratio in roots, stems, and leaves. Overexpression of TrSOS1 enhanced the salt tolerance of hairy root composite cotton seedlings exhibiting GhSOS1-VIGS by maintaining higher root vigor and leaf relative water content (RWC), and lower Na+ content and Na+/K+ ratio in roots, stems, and leaves. Transformations of TrSOS1, GhSOS1, or AtSOS1 into yeast NHA1 (Na+/H+ antiporter 1) mutant reduced cellular Na+ content and Na+/K+ ratio, increased K+ level under salt stress, and had good growth complementation in saline conditions. In particular, the ability of TrSOS1 or GhSOS1 to complement the yeast mutant was better than that of AtSOS1. This may indicate that TrSOS1 is an effective substitute and confers enhanced salt tolerance to transgenic hairy root composite cotton seedlings, and even the SOS1 gene from salt-tolerant Tamarix or cotton may have higher efficiency than salt-sensitive Arabidopsis in regulating Na+ efflux, maintaining Na+ and K+ homeostasis, and therefore contributing to stronger salt tolerance.

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Comparative proteomics and gene expression analyses revealed responsive proteins and mechanisms for salt tolerance in chickpea genotypes

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-019-1793-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mohammad Arefian ◽

Saeedreza Vessal ◽

Saeid Malekzadeh-Shafaroudi ◽

Kadambot H. M. Siddique ◽

Abdolreza Bagheri

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Comparative Proteomics ◽

Gene Expression Analyses

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Epigenetic mechanisms of salt tolerance and heterosis in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) revealed by methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism analysis

Euphytica ◽

10.1007/s10681-015-1586-x ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 208 (3) ◽

pp. 477-491 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Baohua Wang ◽

Mi Zhang ◽

Rong Fu ◽

Xiaowei Qian ◽

Ping Rong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Tolerance ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Upland Cotton ◽

Polymorphism Analysis ◽

Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽

Mechanisms Of Salt Tolerance

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Effects of chloride ion substitutes and chloride channel blockers on the transient outward current in rat ventricular myocytes

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics ◽

10.1016/0005-2728(95)00127-1 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 1273 (1) ◽

pp. 31-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Thierry Lefevre ◽

Isabel A. Lefevre ◽

Alain Coulombe ◽

Edouard Coraboeuf

Keyword(s):

Chloride Channel ◽

Ventricular Myocytes ◽

Outward Current ◽

Chloride Ion ◽

Transient Outward Current ◽

Channel Blockers ◽

Rat Ventricular Myocytes

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Short communication. Suitable growth stage to start irrigation with saline water to increase salt tolerance and decrease ion accumulation of Kochia scoparia (L. Schrad)

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5424/sjar/20110902-184-10 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 650 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Salehi ◽

M. Kafi

Keyword(s):

Salt Tolerance ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Short Communication ◽

Saline Water ◽

Ion Accumulation ◽

Kochia Scoparia

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Characterization of Maize Hybrids (Zea mays L.) for Detecting Salt Tolerance Based on Morpho-Physiological Characteristics, Ion Accumulation and Genetic Variability at Early Vegetative Stage

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10112549 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2549

Author(s):

Md Al Samsul Huqe ◽

Md Sabibul Haque ◽

Ashaduzzaman Sagar ◽

Md Nesar Uddin ◽

Md Alamgir Hossain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Ion Accumulation ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Maize Cultivars ◽

Root Shoot Ratio

Increasing soil salinity due to global warming severely restricts crop growth and yield. To select and recommend salt-tolerant cultivars, extensive genotypic screening and examination of plants’ morpho-physiological responses to salt stress are required. In this study, 18 prescreened maize hybrid cultivars were examined at the early growth stage under a hydroponic system using multivariate analysis to demonstrate the genotypic and phenotypic variations of the selected cultivars under salt stress. The seedlings of all maize cultivars were evaluated with two salt levels: control (without NaCl) and salt stress (12 dS m−1 simulated with NaCl) for 28 d. A total of 18 morpho-physiological and ion accumulation traits were dissected using multivariate analysis, and salt tolerance index (STI) values of the examined traits were evaluated for grouping of cultivars into salt-tolerant and -sensitive groups. Salt stress significantly declined all measured traits except root–shoot ratio (RSR), while the cultivars responded differently. The cultivars were grouped into three clusters and the cultivars in Cluster-1 such as Prabhat, UniGreen NK41, Bisco 51, UniGreen UB100, Bharati 981 and Star Beej 7Star exhibited salt tolerance to a greater extent, accounting for higher STI in comparison to other cultivars grouped in Cluster-2 and Cluster-3. The high heritability (h2bs, >60%) and genetic advance (GAM, >20%) were recorded in 13 measured traits, indicating considerable genetic variations present in these traits. Therefore, using multivariate analysis based on the measured traits, six hybrid maize cultivars were selected as salt-tolerant and some traits such as Total Fresh Weight (TFW), Total Dry Weight (TDW), Total Na+, Total K+ contents and K+–Na+ Ratio could be effectively used for the selection criteria evaluating salt-tolerant maize genotypes at the early seedling stage.

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