scholarly journals Opposites in Reasoning Processes: Do We Use Them More Than We Think, but Less Than We Could?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Branchini ◽  
Elena Capitani ◽  
Roberto Burro ◽  
Ugo Savardi ◽  
Ivana Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
General Role ◽  
Systematic Testing ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Conscious Processing ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Our aim in this paper is to contribute toward acknowledging the general role of opposites as an organizing principle in the human mind. We support this claim in relation to human reasoning by collecting evidence from various studies which shows that “thinking in opposites” is not only involved in formal logical thinking, but can also be applied in both deductive and inductive reasoning, as well as in problem solving. We also describe the results of a series of studies which, although they have been developed within a number of different theoretical frameworks based on various methodologies, all demonstrate that giving hints or training reasoners to think in terms of opposites improves their performance in tasks in which spontaneous thinking may lead to classic biases and impasses. Since we all possess an intuitive idea of what opposites are, prompting people to “think in opposites” is something which is undoubtedly within everyone's reach and in the final section, we discuss the potential of this strategy and suggest possible future research directions of systematic testing the benefits that might arise from the use of this technique in contexts beyond those tested thus far. Ascertaining the conditions in which reasoners might benefit will also help in terms of clarifying the underlying mechanisms from the point of view, for instance, of analytical, conscious processing vs. automatic, unconscious processing.

scholarly journals Application of Eye Tracking Technology in Aviation, Maritime, and Construction Industries: A Systematic Review

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4289
Author(s):  
Daniel Martinez-Marquez ◽  
Sravan Pingali ◽  
Kriengsak Panuwatwanich ◽  
Rodney A. Stewart ◽  
Sherif Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mental Performance ◽  
Medical Scientist ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Attention Failure ◽  
Demographic Distribution

Most accidents in the aviation, maritime, and construction industries are caused by human error, which can be traced back to impaired mental performance and attention failure. In 1596, Du Laurens, a French anatomist and medical scientist, said that the eyes are the windows of the mind. Eye tracking research dates back almost 150 years and it has been widely used in different fields for several purposes. Overall, eye tracking technologies provide the means to capture in real time a variety of eye movements that reflect different human cognitive, emotional, and physiological states, which can be used to gain a wider understanding of the human mind in different scenarios. This systematic literature review explored the different applications of eye tracking research in three high-risk industries, namely aviation, maritime, and construction. The results of this research uncovered the demographic distribution and applications of eye tracking research, as well as the different technologies that have been integrated to study the visual, cognitive, and attentional aspects of human mental performance. Moreover, different research gaps and potential future research directions were highlighted in relation to the usage of additional technologies to support, validate, and enhance eye tracking research to better understand human mental performance.

scholarly journals Graphene-Based Thermal Interface Materials: An Application-Oriented Perspective on Architecture Design

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Lv ◽  
Wen Dai ◽  
Aijun Li ◽  
Cheng-Te Lin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Thermal Interface Materials ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Thermal Interface ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Interface Materials

With the increasing power density of electrical and electronic devices, there has been an urgent demand for the development of thermal interface materials (TIMs) with high through-plane thermal conductivity for handling the issue of thermal management. Graphene exhibited significant potential for the development of TIMs, due to its ultra-high intrinsic thermal conductivity. In this perspective, we introduce three state-of-the-art graphene-based TIMs, including dispersed graphene/polymers, graphene framework/polymers and inorganic graphene-based monoliths. The advantages and limitations of them were discussed from an application point of view. In addition, possible strategies and future research directions in the development of high-performance graphene-based TIMs are also discussed.

The Contribution of Teleworking towards a Green Computing Environment

2016 ◽  
pp. 1723-1738
Author(s):  
Iheanyi Chuku Egbuta ◽  
Brychan Thomas ◽  
Said Al-Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Green Computing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Computing Environment ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of

The aims of the chapter are to consider the strategic green issues of teleworking in terms of the environment, transport, location, office space, and resource use for modern organisations and business sectors and to formulate a conceptual model of the processes involved. In fact, teleworking technologies are variously implemented for green computing initiatives, and the many advantages include lower greenhouse gas emissions related to travel, greater worker satisfaction, and as a result of lower overhead office costs, increased profit margins. The chapter initially investigates the appropriateness of a working definition of teleworking with regard to green computing, and following this, explores the benefits and barriers of teleworking in a green computing environment. The theoretical frameworks and models of teleworking are then considered, and a conceptual model of the contribution of teleworking to green computing is formulated. It is the intention of the chapter to identify and articulate those teleworking concepts that will be useful to academicians, scientists, business entrepreneurs, practitioners, managers, and policy makers, and to indicate future research directions for research scholars and students with similar interests.

A Context and Content Reflection on Business-IT Alignment Research

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Joe Parappallil ◽  
Novica Zarvic ◽  
Oliver Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
It Alignment ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Information Systems Research ◽  
Metadata Analysis ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Business It Alignment ◽  
Research Domain

In this paper, the authors present the results of a recently performed literature analysis on the topic of Business-IT Alignment. They have thereby investigated 270 articles from the period 1993-2011 in a structured way. The articles were selected on the basis of three well-known ranking lists of publications in the Information Systems research domain. In the authors’ analysis they distinguish a context and a content point of view. The former one focuses on metadata analysis of the articles under consideration whereas the latter one uses text mining techniques to dive into the articles´ body of content. Finally, they discuss their results and present conceivable future research directions that should be tackled by alignment researchers and conclude their paper.

Introduction to L2 attrition

2019 ◽  
pp. 329-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodora H. Mehotcheva ◽  
Barbara Köpke
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
First Language ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Subject

As the introduction to the section on second language (L2) attrition, this chapter provides a broad presentation to research on attrition of L2 and foreign languages (FL). We will first discuss the terminology used in the field, focusing on some important differences in the terminology used in first language (L1) attrition studies. It provides a short overview of the development of the field, outlining major challenges and obstacles that research on the topic has to deal with. Next, it briefly describes the major findings and knowledge amassed on the subject before reviewing in more detail the findings of some of the most significant and large-scale projects carried out on L2/FL attrition. A final presentation of several theoretical frameworks of interest for L2/FL attrition research will allow us to show how L2/FL attrition is commonly explained but also to provide some ideas for future research directions.

scholarly journals Natural antisense transcripts in the biological hallmarks of cancer: powerful regulators hidden in the dark

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Zhao ◽  
Xue Zhang ◽  
Shuo Chen ◽  
Song Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hallmarks Of Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Application ◽  
Antisense Transcripts ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Natural Antisense Transcripts ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Natural antisense transcripts (NATs), which are transcribed from opposite strands of DNA with partial or complete overlap, affect multiple stages of gene expression, from epigenetic to post-translational modifications. NATs are dysregulated in various types of cancer, and an increasing number of studies focusing on NATs as pivotal regulators of the hallmarks of cancer and as promising candidates for cancer therapy are just beginning to unravel the mystery. Here, we summarize the existing knowledge on NATs to highlight their underlying mechanisms of functions in cancer biology, discuss their potential roles in therapeutic application, and explore future research directions.

scholarly journals Molecular signals that govern tuber development in potato

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-2-3) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Kirtikumar R. Kondhare ◽  
Bhavani Natarajan ◽  
Anjan K. Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Tuber Development ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Signals

The potato serves as the fourth most important food crop on the planet after the three cereal crops. It is rich in starch, storage proteins and important vitamins, dietary antioxidants and minerals. Potato is a modified stem (stolon) that grows underground, at the base of the plant, under favourable conditions. Perception and processing of signals occur in leaves and the corresponding information is transported to the stolon-tip. The elongation of the stolon-tip ceases and the plane of cell division changes from transverse to longitudinal, causing swelling of the sub-apical region of the stolon. This is accompanied by synthesis of starch in leaves, followed by its transport to and accumulation in the stolon. The initiation of tuber developmental signals and the subsequent stolon-to-tuber transition (tuberization) is undoubtedly a dynamic process which involves integration of multiple molecular factors, environmental cues and crosstalk between various pathways, including phytohormones. Understanding the tuberization process has been an aim of many plant biologists across the globe. Recent discoveries have shown that apart from photoperiod and hormonal metabolism, there are crucial transcription factors, small RNAs, full-length mobile mRNAs and proteins that regulate tuberization in potato. Although we have gained significant knowledge about the tuberization process, many questions on the underlying mechanisms of tuber development remain to be answered. In this review, we summarize the crucial molecular signals that govern tuber formation and propose an updated tuberization network along with future research directions.

Integrated Data Architecture for Business

2019 ◽  
pp. 478-490
Author(s):  
Richard Kumaradjaja
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Data Integration ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Integration Framework ◽  
Architecture Framework ◽  
Data Architecture ◽  
Future Research Directions

This chapter describes data integration issues in big data analytics and proposes an integrated data integration framework for big data analytics. The main focus of this chapter is to address the issues of data integration from the architectural point of view. Addressing the issues of data integration from the architectural point of view will lead to a better understanding of the current situation and better construction of proposed solutions to those issues since architectural approach can give us a holistic and comprehensive view of the problems. The chapter also discusses future research directions of the proposed integrated data architecture framework.

Harmony of the Heart: Music Therapy

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne B. Hanser ◽  
Susan E. Mandel
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Recent Trial ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Therapy Protocol

This article presents a research agenda that began with the development of a clinical music therapy protocol, including music-assisted relaxation and imagery (MARI), for individuals with heart conditions who are referred for cardiac rehabilitation.  Health-related outcomes of this program were investigated in a randomized controlled trial, finding significant changes in blood pressure over time, and short-term changes in stress and anxiety. A mixed methods study then examined process and outcomes more thoroughly in a small sample of patients.  In a more recent trial, this approach was applied to individuals who have diabetes.  Coming full circle, the research investigations informed an adaptation of the original music therapy protocol for clinical use in cardiac rehabilitation.  Underlying mechanisms in the autonomic nervous system and future research directions are also discussed.

Integrated Data Architecture for Business

2018 ◽  
pp. 862-872
Author(s):  
Richard Kumaradjaja
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Data Integration ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Integration Framework ◽  
Architecture Framework ◽  
Data Architecture ◽  
Future Research Directions

This paper describes data integration issues in big data analytics and proposes an integrated data integration framework for big data analytics. The main focus of this article is to address the issues of data integration from the architectural point of view. Addressing the issues of data integration from the architectural point of view will lead to a better understanding of the current situation and better able to construct proposed solutions to those issues since architectural approach can give us a holistic and comprehensive view of the problems. The paper also discusses about future research directions of the proposed integrated data architecture framework.

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