scholarly journals Field Application of NIR Spectroscopy for the Discrimination of the Biomphalaria Species That Are Intermediate Hosts of Schistosoma mansoni in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Valladares ◽  
Célio Pasquini ◽  
Silvana C. Thiengo ◽  
Monica A. Fernandez ◽  
Clélia C. Mello-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Laboratory Populations

Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is a spectroscopic technique that evaluates the vibrational energy levels of the chemical bonds of molecules within a wavelength range of 750–2,500 nm. This simple method acquires spectra that provide qualitative and quantitative data on the chemical components of the biomass of living organisms through the interaction between the electromagnetic waves and the sample. NIRS is an innovative, rapid, and non-destructive technique that can contribute to the differentiation of species based on their chemical phenotypes. Chemical profiles were obtained by NIRS from three snail species (Biomphalaria glabrata, Biomphalaria straminea, and Biomphalaria tenagophila) that are intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni in Brazil. The correct identification of these species is important from an epidemiological viewpoint, given that each species has distinct biological and physiological characteristics. The present study aimed to develop a chemometric model for the interspecific and intra-specific classification of the three species, focusing on laboratory and field populations. The data were obtained from 271 live animals, including 150 snails recently collected from the field, with the remainder being raised in the laboratory. Populations were sampled at three localities in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro, in the municipalities of Sumidouro (B. glabrata) and Paracambi (B. straminea), and the borough of Jacarepaguá in the Rio de Janeiro city (B. tenagophila). The chemometric analysis was run in the Unscrambler® software. The intra-specific classification of the field and laboratory populations obtained accuracy rates of 72.5% (B. tenagophila), 77.5% (B. straminea), and 85.0% (B. glabrata). The interspecific differentiation had a hit rate of 75% for the field populations and 80% for the laboratory populations. The results indicate chemical and metabolic differences between populations of the same species from the field and the laboratory. The chemical phenotype, which is closely related to the metabolic profile of the snails, varied between environments. Overall, the NIRS technique proved to be a potentially valuable tool for medical malacology, enabling the systematic discrimination of the Biomphalaria snails that are the intermediate hosts of S. mansoni in Brazil.

Pedometric tools for classification of southwestern Amazonian soils: A quali-quantitative interpretation incorporating visible-near infrared spectroscopy

2022 ◽  
pp. 096703352110618
Author(s):  
Orlando CH Tavares ◽  
Tiago R Tavares ◽  
Carlos R Pinheiro Junior ◽  
Luciélio M da Silva ◽  
Paulo GS Wadt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
R Package ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Wide Range

The southwestern region of the Amazon has great environmental variability, presents a great complexity of pedoenvironments due to its rich variability of geological and geomorphological environments, as well as for being a transition region with other two Brazilian biomes. In this study, the use of pedometric tools (the Algorithms for Quantitative Pedology (AQP) R package and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy) was evaluated for the characterization of 15 soil profiles in southwestern Amazon. The AQP statistical package—which evaluates the soil in-depth based on slicing functions—indicated a wide range of variation in soil attributes, especially in the superficial horizons. In addition, the results obtained in the similarity analysis corroborated with the description of physical, chemical components and oxide contents in-depth, aiding the classification of soil profiles. The in-depth characterization of visible-near infrared spectra allowed inference of the pedogenetic processes of some profiles, setting precedents for future work aiming to establish analytical strategies for soil classification in southwestern Amazon based on spectral data.

scholarly journals MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the identification of freshwater snails from Senegal, including intermediate hosts of schistosomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. e0009725
Author(s):  
Fatima Zohra Hamlili ◽  
Fatou Thiam ◽  
Maureen Laroche ◽  
Adama Zan Diarra ◽  
Souleymane Doucouré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
Freshwater Snails ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Biomphalaria Pfeifferi ◽  
Bulinus Truncatus ◽  
Maldi Tof Ms ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Tof Ms

Freshwater snails of the genera Biomphalaria, Bulinus, and Oncomelania are intermediate hosts of schistosomes that cause human schistosomiasis, one of the most significant infectious neglected diseases in the world. Identification of freshwater snails is usually based on morphology and, potentially, DNA-based methods, but these have many drawbacks that hamper their use. MALDI-TOF MS has revolutionised clinical microbiology and has emerged in the medical entomology field. This study aims to evaluate MALDI-TOF MS profiling for the identification of both frozen and ethanol-stored snail species using protein extracts from different body parts. A total of 530 field specimens belonging to nine species (Biomphalaria pfeifferi, Bulinus forskalii, Bulinus senegalensis, Bulinus truncatus, Bulinus globosus, Bellamya unicolor, Cleopatra bulimoides, Lymnaea natalensis, Melanoides tuberculata) and 89 laboratory-reared specimens, including three species (Bi. pfeifferi, Bu. forskalii, Bu. truncatus) were used for this study. For frozen snails, the feet of 127 field and 74 laboratory-reared specimens were used to validate the optimised MALDI-TOF MS protocol. The spectral analysis yielded intra-species reproducibility and inter-species specificity which resulted in the correct identification of all the specimens in blind queries, with log-score values greater than 1.7. In a second step, we demonstrated that MALDI-TOF MS could also be used to identify ethanol-stored snails using proteins extracted from the foot using a specific database including a large number of ethanol preserved specimens. This study shows for the first time that MALDI-TOF MS is a reliable tool for the rapid identification of frozen and ethanol-stored freshwater snails without any malacological expertise.

scholarly journals Malacological survey of Biomphalaria snails in municipalities along the Estrada Real in the southeast of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Helena Cerrato Tibiriçá ◽  
Adalberto Mitterofhe ◽  
Milton Ferreira de Castro ◽  
Adilson da Costa Lima ◽  
Murilo Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The State ◽  
Rural Tourism ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Different Types

INTRODUCTION: The increasing practice of ecotourism and rural tourism in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, highlights the importance of studies concerning the occurrence of potential intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni. This study aimed to identify species of Biomphalaria snails in municipalities along the Estrada Real, an important Brazilian tourism project. METHODS: The specimens were collected in different water collections of 36 municipalities along the Estrada Real in the southeast of the State of Minas Gerais. Biomphalaria species were characterized using both morphological and molecular approaches. The research was conducted between August 2005 and September 2009 and all the sites visited were georeferenced using GPS. RESULTS: Six Biomphalaria species were found in 30 of the 36 municipalities studied: glabrata, tenagophila, straminea, peregrina, occidentalis and schrammi. The first three species of Biomphalaria, recognized as intermediate hosts of S. mansoni, were present in 33.3%, 47.2% and 8.3% of the municipalities studied, respectively. The mollusks were found in different types of water collections and no infection by S. mansoni was detected. The highest occurrence of Biomphalaria concentration was verified in the area covered by the Caminho Novo route (Diamantina/MG to Rio de Janeiro/RJ). CONCLUSIONS: Considering the occurrence of schistosomiasis in the State of Minas Gerais and the socioeconomic repercussions involved in the Estrada Real Project, this work focuses on the vulnerability of water collections due to the presence of Biomphalaria mollusks and emphasizes the need for epidemiological surveillance and sanitary and educational measures integrated with the local community and tourism sectors.

scholarly journals Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the ITS2 region for differatiation of Brazilian Biomphalaria intermediate hosts of the Schistosoma mansoni

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teofânia Heloísa Dutra Amorim Vidigal ◽  
Kelly Grace Magalhães ◽  
Omar dos Santos Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Species Specific

We sequenced the internal transcribed spacer 2 of the ribosomal DNA (ITS2-DNAr) from the three Schistosoma mansoni intermediate hosts in Brazil: Biomphalaria glabrata, Biomphalaria tenagophila and Biomphalaria straminea. Analysis of a restriction map from those sequences allowed us to select putative restriction enzymes able to identify the snail species under study. Four restriction enzymes were used and HpaII provided simple species-specific profiles easily visualized in polyacrylamide gels. The use of ITS2 is advantageous as it provides a small fragment of 460 bp which may be easily amplified by PCR. In the current work, we showed that the amplification of ITS2-DNAr together with HpaII enzyme restriction is an auxiliary molecular tool for the morphological identification of such snails as well as for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies of neotropical planorbids.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Using VIS/NIR Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis for Pesticide Residue Detection in Tomatoes

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Araz Soltani Nazarloo ◽  
Vali Rasooli Sharabiani ◽  
Yousef Abbaspour Gilandeh ◽  
Ebrahim Taghinezhad ◽  
Mariusz Szymanek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Residue Detection ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Reflective Spectroscopy

The purpose of this work was to investigate the detection of the pesticide residual (profenofos) in tomatoes by using visible/near-infrared spectroscopy. Therefore, the experiments were performed on 180 tomato samples with different percentages of profenofos pesticide (higher and lower values than the maximum residual limit (MRL)) as compared to the control (no pesticide). VIS/near infrared (NIR) spectral data from pesticide solution and non-pesticide tomato samples (used as control treatment) impregnated with different concentrations of pesticide in the range of 400 to 1050 nm were recorded by a spectrometer. For classification of tomatoes with pesticide content at lower and higher levels of MRL as healthy and unhealthy samples, we used different spectral pre-processing methods with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models. The Smoothing Moving Average pre-processing method with the standard error of cross validation (SECV) = 4.2767 was selected as the best model for this study. In addition, in the calibration and prediction sets, the percentages of total correctly classified samples were 90 and 91.66%, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that reflective spectroscopy (VIS/NIR) can be used as a non-destructive, low-cost, and rapid technique to control the health of tomatoes impregnated with profenofos pesticide.

Functional Classification of Feed Items in Pampa Grassland, Based on Their Near-Infrared Spectrum

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-367
Author(s):  
Júlio Cezar Rebés Azambuja Filho ◽  
Paulo Cesar de Faccio Carvalho ◽  
Olivier Jean François Bonnet ◽  
Denis Bastianelli ◽  
Magali Jouven
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectrum ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Functional Classification ◽  
Near Infrared Spectrum

scholarly journals Application of Artificial Intelligence in Food Industry—a Guideline

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Rajesh Mavani ◽  
Jarinah Mohd Ali ◽  
Suhaili Othman ◽  
M. A. Hussain ◽  
Haslaniza Hashim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Electronic Tongue ◽  
World Population ◽  
Computer Vision System ◽  
The Past

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) has embodied the recent technology in the food industry over the past few decades due to the rising of food demands in line with the increasing of the world population. The capability of the said intelligent systems in various tasks such as food quality determination, control tools, classification of food, and prediction purposes has intensified their demand in the food industry. Therefore, this paper reviews those diverse applications in comparing their advantages, limitations, and formulations as a guideline for selecting the most appropriate methods in enhancing future AI- and food industry–related developments. Furthermore, the integration of this system with other devices such as electronic nose, electronic tongue, computer vision system, and near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) is also emphasized, all of which will benefit both the industry players and consumers.

Application of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for the Classification of Fresh Pork Quality in Cooked Ham Production

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2383-2391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Neyrinck ◽  
Stefaan De Smet ◽  
Liesbeth Vermeulen ◽  
Danny Telleir ◽  
Stefaan Lescouhier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Pork Quality ◽  
Cooked Ham

Susceptibilities of Various Snail Intermediate Hosts of Schistosoma mansoni to Different Strains of the Parasite

1965 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.F.A. Saoud
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Considerable Evidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Host Parasite Relationship ◽  
Parasite Relationship ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Comprehensive Studies

In the past two decades, considerable evidence has accumulated in the literature about the differences in the susceptibility of various intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni to different strains of the parasite. Comprehensive studies on this aspect of host-parasite relationship have been published by Files & Cram (1949), Abdel-Malek (1950) and Files (1951). The results of more recent studies have been reported by Wright (1962) and Saoud (1964).In the present paper, the writer has studied the susceptibility of four intermediate hosts of S. mansoni from Brazil, Puerto Rico, Egypt and Tanganyika to some strains of the parasite.

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