scholarly journals A Multiethnic Asian Perspective of Presumed Consent for Organ Donation: A Population-Based Perception Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Muthiah ◽  
Melissa Sin Hui Chua ◽  
Konstadina Griva ◽  
Ivan Low ◽  
Wen Hui Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Organ Shortage ◽  
Presumed Consent ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Willingness To Donate ◽  
Asian Society

Background: Organ shortage is still a world-wide problem, resulting in long waiting lists for kidney, liver, and heart transplant candidates across many transplant centers globally. This has resulted in the move toward presumed consent to increase deceased organ donation rates. However, there remains a paucity of literature on public attitude and barriers regarding the opt-out system, with existing studies limited to Western nations. Therefore, this study aimed to understand public sentiment and different barriers toward organ donation from the perspective of Singapore, a highly diverse and multiethnic Asian society.Methods: A cross-sectional community semi-structured interview was conducted in a public housing estate in Singapore. Pilot test was undertaken before participants were interviewed face-to-face by trained personnel. All statistical evaluations were conducted using Stata. The χ2-test compared subgroups based on patient characteristics while multivariable logistic regression identified predictors of willingness to donate/ assent. Effect estimates were quantified using odds ratio (OR).Findings: Out of 799 individuals, 85% were agreeable to organ donation after death and 81% were willing to assent to donations of family members' organs, which declined by 16% (p < 0.001) after a clinical scenario was presented. Demographic factors including ethnicity, education, marital, and employment status affected willingness to donate and assent. Knowledge correlated significantly with willingness to donate and assent. In particular, knowledge regarding brain death irreversibility had the strongest correlation (AOR 2.15; 95% CI 1.60–2.89).Conclusions: Organ donation rates remain low albeit presumed consent legislation, due to patient-level barriers, including but not limited to knowledge gaps, cultural values, religious backgrounds, and emotional impact at relatives' death. To effectively boost donor rates, it is crucial for policy makers to invest in public education and improve transplant provisions and family protocols.

PERCEPTION OF ORGAN AND CORPSE DONATION AMONG STUDENTS OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abimbola Oladuni EBEYE ◽  
Chukwuedu OJEBOR ◽  
Ade ALABI
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
State University ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Willingness To Donate ◽  
Failed Organ ◽  
Basic Medical

In this era of great health challenges, organ donation may be the only intervention to failing and failed organs. Organ donation is willingly accepting to donate an organ or part of an organ to someone with a failing organ or failed organ. There are very few voluntary donations. Cadavers a major tool in the study of anatomy is gotten through unclaimed bodies, corpse from condemned criminals and donation of corpse for teaching and research. This cross sectional survey includes 707 students, 390 dissecting students and 317 non dissecting students from the Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University Abraka. Structured questionnaires were administered to the student and date analysed. This was done to know the perception of student to organ and corpse donation and to assess if dissection affects the willingness to donate one’s organ or corpse for research. Result generally showed a negative attitude to organ and corpse donation. Only 5.9% considered donating their organs and 4.1% considered donating their corpse for research. The poor attitude towards organ and body donation may be attributed to people not wanting their body to be disrespected (30%), fear of the effect of donation (23%), religious beliefs (10%), and traditional beliefs (6%). Surprisingly lack of awareness to donation of organs and corpse accounted for a few percentages. 

scholarly journals Maternal Stress of Hospitalized Children in A Hospital of Rupandehi, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
M. Dhungana ◽  
A. Kachapati
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Stress ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Child Factors ◽  
Very High

Introduction: Illness and hospitalization are often critical events that a child is faced with and the stress of it can affect all family members. Maternal stress and anxiety can also affect the child in two ways, transferring stress to the child and interfering with the mother’s ability of childcare. Researcher sought to find out the maternal stressors of hospitalized children in a hospital of Nepal. Material and Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to find out the maternal stressors of hospitalized children among one hundred and five mothers selected through non probability purposive method. The data was collected by using semi-structured interview schedule and data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS software version 16. Results: The findings of the study revealed that more than half of the mothers 62.8%, 58.1%, 63.8%, 90.4%, 88.6%, 78%, 83.8% and 87.7% had very high stress related to child factors; child appears lethargic, weak and pale, prolongation of hospitalization, uncertain try about future of child’s medical condition, fear of relapse, child irritability and crying, in concern about IV fluids and tubes connected, child’s pain, and about laboratory and imaging respectively. Majority of mothers had stress related to social and economic aspects, 59% for failure to provide comfort to other children due to child illness, 82.8% had stress regarding being away from work and living place. Regarding stressors related to environmental factors, Majority 54.2% mothers had very high stress from equipments, 84.7% mothers had very high stress on unfamiliar environment, 68.5% had very high stress for lack of adequate sanitation and air pollution, 59% had very high stress that no room to rest for visitor. Regarding stressors related to hospital staffs, 78% mothers had very high stress for giving the responsibility for monitoring IV fluids, 74.2% had very high stress for turning over responsibility for collecting samples to mothers by nursing staffs, 60.9% mothers had very high stress on lack of attention from nursing staffs about mother’s problem and 68.5% had very high stress on lack of proper nutrition for hospitalized children. Conclusion: Based on the study findings, it is concluded that mothers were passionate in taking care of their child. Most mothers had recognized that illness and hospitalization of their children had an overwhelming psychological and emotional impact on their own behavior and they did not have enough control over their reactions. Therefore, special attention should be given to identify the stressors in nursing care, planning and parents’ education, moving stressors and treatment in the same direction and the factors that can reduce the mother’s ability to provide childcare and delay in treatment progress.

scholarly journals Egyptians Social Acceptance and Consenting Options for Posthumous Organ Donation. A Cross Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammal Mokhtar Metwally ◽  
Ghada A. Abdel-Latif ◽  
Lobna Eletreby ◽  
Ahmed Aboulghate ◽  
Amira Mohsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Personal Preference ◽  
The Public ◽  
Willingness To Donate ◽  
Posthumous Organ Donation

Abstract Background: Organ donation has become one of the most effective ways in developing and developed countries to save lives and improve the quality of life for patients with end-stage organ failure. No previous studies investigated either the Egyptians’ perception or preferences about different consenting options for organ donation. This study aims to assess Egyptian personal preferences and public perception of norm on several consenting options for posthumous organ donation, and measure the awareness and acceptance of the public to Egyptian law articles regulating organ donation. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted along two years among 2743 participants. Participants were chosen from governmental and non-governmental facilities as well as from the general public. Each participant was required to complete the study questionnaire which included demographic characteristics, personal preferences and public norms of eleven consenting options arranged from 1 (most preferred) to 11 (least preferred), and awareness and acceptance of the seven articles of Egyptian laws concerning organ donation. Results: About 78% of the respondents expressed willingness to donate their organs after death while 22% were not willing to donate. Out of donation preferences, informed consent by donor only was a preferable choice, where about one third of respondents assigned to this option the highest ranking scores (31% as a personal preference and 31.6 % for the public norm). There was no difference between males and females or between personal preferences and perception of norms in consenting systems ranking. The awareness for the targeted Egyptian laws regarding organ donation after death was relatively low ranging from 56% to 23%. Conclusion: Informed consent by donor only was the preferable choice as personal preference and as norm. The choice of consenting options did not vary with gender, education or employment. Increasing the awareness of Egyptians on the articles of the law of organ donation is highly needed.

scholarly journals Factors associated with registration for organ donation among clinical nurses

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247424
Author(s):  
Li-Chueh Weng ◽  
Yang-Jen Chiang ◽  
Hsiu-Li Huang ◽  
Yu-Hsia Tsai ◽  
Kang-Hua Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Nurses ◽  
Policy Domain ◽  
Willingness To Donate ◽  
Donation Process ◽  
Service Training

Purpose Healthcare professionals play an important role in the organ donation process. The aim of this study was to examine the organ donation registration rate and related factors among clinical nurses. Material and methods In this cross-sectional, correlational study, we used mailed questionnaires to collect data from four geographical areas and three hospital levels in Taiwan from June 6 to August 31, 2018. Two thousand and thirty-three clinical nurses participated in this study. Results Participants’ mean age was 34.47 years, and 95.7% were women. Of them, 78.3% were willing to donate their organs and 20.6% had registered for organ donation after death. The results of logistic regression showed that in the personal domain, higher age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.03, p < 0.001), better knowledge of organ donation (OR = 1.09, p < 0.001), and a positive attitude toward organ donation (OR = 2.91, p < 0.001) were positively associated with organ donation registration, while cultural myths (OR = 0.69, p < 0.001) were negatively correlated. In the policy domain, the convenience of the registration procedure (OR = 1.45, p < 0.001) was positively associated with registration. A gap between willingness to donate and actual registration was observed. Conclusions Personal factors played an important role in organ donation registration. Therefore, efforts to improve knowledge and inculcate positive cultural beliefs about organ donation among clinical nurses are recommended. There is also a need to cooperate with government policies to provide appropriate in-service training and policy incentives and establish an efficient registration process.

scholarly journals Attitudes towards organ donation in Syria: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Tarzi ◽  
Malke Asaad ◽  
Joudi Tarabishi ◽  
Obada Zayegh ◽  
Rama Hamza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Willingness To Donate ◽  
Organ Donations ◽  
Deceased Organ Donation

Abstract Background The perception of organ donation and brain death among Syrian population has not been previously explored. The goal of this study is to evaluate the attitude and knowledge of organ donation among Syrians and the willingness of this population to donate their organs. Methods We conducted a survey-based cross-sectional study in four hospitals in Aleppo, Syria in November 2019. Patient demographic, awareness of brain death; and attitude toward organ donation were collected and analyzed. Results A total of 350 individuals were invited to participate in the survey among whom 303 (197 females, 106 males) agreed to participate in the study (87% response rate). The majority of our participants (n = 249, 82%) heard about organ donation with television (n = 166, 55%), social media (n = 77, 25%), and the internet (n = 77, 25%) being the most common sources of information. When assessing knowledge about brain death, only 40% (n = 116) answered 3 or more questions (out of 5) correctly. Fifty-eight percent (n = 176) of respondents agreed with the idea of organ donation and 183 (62%) would like to donate their organs one day. The leading motivation to organ donation was the desire to help (n = 234, 77%), while the most common reason to refuse donation was the refusal to disfigure a dead body by removing an organ (n = 125, 41%). Religious reasons were cited as motivation for organ donation by 43% of participants (n = 130), and a reason for refusing to donate organs by 24% (n = 71). Most respondents (n = 261, 88%) were unaware of the laws and legislations related to organ donation in Syria. When asked if religion and law were encouraging organ donation, 76% of respondents (n = 226) would donate their organs. Although more positive attitude was found in those with better brain death knowledge (score ≥ 3), this did not translate into more willingness to donate organs in this group of participants. Conclusions The promotion of organ donations from deceased donors is a necessity given the rising shortage of organs. The information provided by this study could help policy makers build future strategies to promote deceased organ donation programs and overcome current obstacles preventing such initiatives from achieving their goals.

scholarly journals Patterns of Cancer Occurrence in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
A Dhungana ◽  
HP Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
Cancer Occurrence ◽  
The World

Background: Cancer is a public health problem throughout the world and Nepal is not an exception. Actual information on pattern of cancer morbidity and mortality is possible only from population-based registry, which unfortunately is lacking in Nepal. Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the pattern of cancer occurrence in Nepal with respect to different pertinent variables. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was done among 198 admitted patients from Bhaktapur Cancer Hospital using semi-structured interview schedule. Data entry and analysis was done on IBM SPSS V20. Descriptive statistical measures were employed. Results: This study showed that cancer was seen in advanced age group with no sex wise variations. Majority was married, literate, from rural area, of upper caste and upper lower socioeconomic status. Cancer of lung, rectum and bile duct were more frequent in males in contrary to that of breast, ovary and cervix in females. Malignant neoplasm of digestive organs in males and that of female genital organs in females were the commonest to occur according to ICD-10 classification. Conclusions: Cancer is rapidly emerging non-communicable disease throughout the world. Despite lack of population based disease registry, patterns of disease from this hospital study emphasize prioritizing the health promotive activities against cancer in the general population.

scholarly journals Knowledge and awareness regarding eye donation among medical and para medical students in a tertiary care hospital in Odisha: a comparative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1047
Author(s):  
Ankit Rattan ◽  
Antaryami Sahoo ◽  
Z. U. Khan ◽  
Archana Patnaik ◽  
Priyatama Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Willingness To Donate ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Eye Donation

Background: India needs around 2,77,000 donations annually to perform 1,00,000 corneal transplants. To enhance the procurement of corneal donations further, raising the level of public education on eye donation was the most important first step. The Govt. of India under the 11th 5-year plan envisages eliminating avoidable blindness completely by 2020. The aim and objective of the study was to compare the awareness of eye donation and willingness to donate eyes among medical and paramedical students.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among 400 final year MBBS students and interns and also among the final year B.Sc. nursing students and at Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar from August 2018 to September 2018.Results: The study participants were in the age group of 18-25 years. While 100% medical students had heard about organ donation, 85.5% of paramedical students heard about organ donation. Positive opinion regarding donation of eye post death was got from all the medical students as against 85% of paramedical students. More than 1/3rd of the study participants in both the groups were willing to donate eyes and know more regarding the same and also had a fair idea regarding shortage of donors in India.Conclusions: Awareness of eye donation is better in medical students compared to paramedical students, preferably due to the exposure and study curriculum. Most of the students in both groups were inclined to pledge for eye donation. Awareness regarding eye donation will form the prime base for the elimination of avoidable blindness in India.

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns Are Differentially Associated with Atypical and Melancholic Subtypes of Depression

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 768
Author(s):  
Aurélie M. Lasserre ◽  
Marie-Pierre F. Strippoli ◽  
Pedro Marques-Vidal ◽  
Lana J. Williams ◽  
Felice N. Jacka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Melancholic Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Atypical Depression ◽  
Dietary Choices ◽  
Depression Subtypes

Diet has been associated with the risk of depression, whereas different subtypes of depression have been linked with different cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs). In this study, our aims were to (1) identify dietary patterns with exploratory factor analysis, (2) assess cross-sectional associations between dietary patterns and depression subtypes, and (3) examine the potentially mediating effect of dietary patterns in the associations between CVRFs and depression subtypes. In the first follow-up of the population-based CoLaus|PsyCoLaus study (2009–2013, 3554 participants, 45.6% men, mean age 57.5 years), a food frequency questionnaire assessed dietary intake and a semi-structured interview allowed to characterize major depressive disorder into current or remitted atypical, melancholic, and unspecified subtypes. Three dietary patterns were identified: Western, Mediterranean, and Sweet-Dairy. Western diet was positively associated with current atypical depression, but negatively associated with current and remitted melancholic depression. Sweet-Dairy was positively associated with current melancholic depression. However, these dietary patterns did not mediate the associations between CVRFs and depression subtypes. Hence, although we could show that people with different subtypes of depression make different choices regarding their diet, it is unlikely that these differential dietary choices account for the well-established associations between depression subtypes and CVRFs.

scholarly journals Level and Determinants of Willingness to Donate Organs Among the General Public: A Cross-Sectional Survey in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Fan ◽  
Sirui Zheng ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Duolao Wang ◽  
Enchang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Central China ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Regression Modelling ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Willingness To Donate ◽  
Logistic Regression Modelling

Abstract Background: This study aims to assess the level and determinants of the general public’s willingness to organ donation. Methods: We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study of 4261 participants in China. The primary outcome was the willingness to donate organs. Logistic regression modelling was used to determine the factors that affect willingness to donate organs. Results: Overall, the proportion of participants who showed a willingness to donate organs was 47.45% (95%CI: 0.46, 0.49) in this study. Logistic regression modelling showed participants from Western (OR=1.35, 95%CI=1.13-1.62) and Eastern China (OR=1.54, 95%CI=1.20-1.66) were more willing to donate organs compared with those from Central China. The odds of being willing to donate organs was higher in females than males (OR=1.34, 95%CI=1.17-1.55); and was higher in those participants with experience of organ donation (OR=1.57, 95%CI=1.12-2.20), experience of caring for organ transplant patients (OR=1.47, 95%CI=1.03-2.10), and those undertaking related voluntary activities (OR=1.68, 95%CI=1.45-1.94), than those without. Conclusion: The general public’s level of willingness to organ donation was not high in China. Geographical region, gender, experience of organ donation related activities, taking care of organ transplant patients and volunteering in related activities were independently associated with participants’ willingness to donate organs.

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