scholarly journals Perception of Law Enforcement Officers on Preventing Road Traffic Injury in Vanuatu: A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saen Fanai ◽  
Masoud Mohammadnezhad ◽  
Mosese Salusalu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Road Traffic Safety

Background: Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs) cause approximately 1. 35 million deaths annually, and is the leading cause of death among people between ages 5 and 29. Law Enforcement Officers (LEOs) deal with Road Traffic Collisions (RTCs) and have contact with RTI victims at a daily basis, they possess an excellent perspective on preventing RTI. This study aimed to explore LEOs perceptions on risk factors and preventive measures of RTI in Vanuatu.Methods: This study employed qualitative methods that used Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) to gather data from 25 LEOs between October 14th and November 30th, 2020. Self-identified Ni-Vanuatu LEOs who have been serving for over 6 months and residing at the study setting were included in this study. Purposive sampling was used to recruit study participants from three municipalities in Vanuatu. A semi-structured open ended questionnaire was designed to guide the FGDs. Data obtained were sorted out using thematic analysis processed with some preconceived themes based on theory, and also allowing the data to determine new themes.Results: Data saturation was reached from conducting 5 FGDs with 25 LEOs who were traffic officers and municipal wardens. Five main themes and sixteen subthemes were generated from the study. The main themes include driving and alcohol, the challenges to effective enforcement, barriers to effective care and support for RTI victims, measures for road traffic control and promoting road traffic safety. The respondents perceived that addressing resources issues and the legislations on road traffic control act and vehicle regulation act will enhance prevention of RTI.Conclusion: This study explored the risk factors of RTI and the barriers to effectively prevent RTI in Vanuatu. The study also generated suggestions of a combination of road traffic control measures that could be implemented to prevent RTI. Future research should look at effective strategies of preventing RTIs in resource deficit settings.

scholarly journals The subject of liability in road traffic accident involving a highly or fully automated vehicle

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
Irina Sergeevna Mikhaleva ◽  
Anastasiya Sergeevna Sergunova
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Automated Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
The Subject

The object of this research is the system of socio-legal relations in the sphere of ensuring road traffic safety. The subject of this research is the legal norms that regulate the administrative-legal status of the driver of automated vehicle in the instance of committing offense that caused a road traffic accident. The goal of this article consists in the analysis of the normative framework that regulates operation of automated vehicle on the road, as well as the administrative-legal status of the driver of such vehicle. Analysis is conducted on the foreign experience, federal legislation, bylaws and departmental acts pertaining to consolidation of the the legal status of the driver of automated vehicle in the instance of committing offense that caused a road traffic accident. The novelty of this work is defined by practical and scientific relevance of the problems of the activity of law enforcement agencies in the area of ensuring road traffic safety, as well as the need for improving the legal framework that regulates the authority of the Russian police. The acquired results can be used in legislative activity of the government branches, activity of the law enforcement agencies, educational institutions, scientific research of the experts dealing with the problems of ensuring road traffic safety, improvement of the branches of Russian legal system.

scholarly journals Attitude of Motorists towards Road Ethics: Empirical Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
Funsho Idowu Obakemi
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Enforcement ◽  
Road Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Traffic Law Enforcement

Abstract Road traffic safety among socioeconomic issues has become the major concern across the globe due to rise in road crashes attributed largely to human factor. This study tends to address attitudinal behavior of road users towards road ethics in Ilorin metropolis-Nigeria; covering both driver and motorcyclists and perception of motorists on road traffic enforcement agent. Questionnaire was employed as survey tools. Ordered logistic model were used to analyse the data on attitude of motorists and road traffic laws enforcement agents. About 87% of the 440 administered questionnaire were returned valid. A 3-model analysis was carried out and the findings showed that the attitude of the motorists, road traffic law enforcement agents and demographical index (gender, age and education) correlated with, and influence compliance with road traffic laws.

scholarly journals Research on the classification for road traffic visibility based on the characteristics of driving behaviour – a driving simulator experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Kun Wang ◽  
Weihua Zhang ◽  
Zhongxiang Feng ◽  
Cheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Fine Classification

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to perform fine classification of road traffic visibility based on the characteristics of driving behavior under different visibility conditions. Design/methodology/approach A driving simulator experiment was conducted to collect data of speed and lane position. ANOVA was used to explore the difference in driving behavior under different visibility conditions. Findings The results show that only average speed is significantly different under different visibility conditions. With the visibility reducing, the average vehicle speed decreases. The road visibility conditions in a straight segment can be divided into five levels: less than 20, 20-30, 35-60, 60-140 and more than 140 m. The road visibility conditions in a curve segment can be also divided into four levels: less than 20, 20-30, 35-60 and more than 60 m. Originality/value A fine classification of road traffic visibility has been performed, and these classifications help to establish more accurate control measures to ensure road traffic safety under low-visibility conditions.

scholarly journals Identification of Factors Affecting Road Traffic Injuries Incidence and Severity in Southern Thailand Based on Accident Investigation Reports

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12467
Author(s):  
Nuntaporn Klinjun ◽  
Matthew Kelly ◽  
Chanita Praditsathaporn ◽  
Rewwadee Petsirasan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Road Traffic Injuries ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Injury ◽  
Haddon Matrix

Thailand has the second-highest rates of road traffic mortality globally. Detailed information on the combination of human, vehicle, and environmental risks giving rise to each incident is important for addressing risk factors holistically. This paper presents the result of forensic road traffic investigation reports in Thailand and determines risk factor patterns for road traffic injuries. Detailed forensic reports were extracted for 25 serious traffic accident events. The Haddon matrix was used to analyze risk factors in three phases stratified by four agents. The 25 events analyzed involved 407 victims and 47 vehicles. A total of 65.8% of victims were injured, including 14.5% who died. The majority (66.1%) of deaths occurred at the scene. Human-error-related factors included speeding and drowsiness. Passenger risks included not using the seat belt, sitting in the cargo area and the cab of pickups. Overloaded vehicles, unsafe car modifications, no occupant safety equipment and having unfixed seats were vehicular risks. Environmental risks included fixed objects on the roadside, no traffic lights, no guard rails, no traffic signs, and road accident black spots. At present, traffic accidents cause much avoidable severe injury and death. The outcome of this paper identifies a number of preventable risk factors for traffic injury, and importantly examines them in conjunction. Road traffic safety measures need to consider how human, vehicle, and environmental risks intersect to influence injury likelihood and severity. The Haddon matrix is useful in identifying these pre- and post-accident risk factors. Furthermore, the sustainable preventions of road traffic injury need to address these risks together with active law enforcement.

scholarly journals A Review of Data Analytic Applications in Road Traffic Safety. Part 2: Prescriptive Modeling

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiong Hu ◽  
Miao Cai ◽  
Nasrin Mohabbati-Kalejahi ◽  
Amir Mehdizadeh ◽  
Mohammad Ali Alamdar Yazdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Shortest Path ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Prescriptive Model

In the first part of the review, we observed that there exists a significant gap between the predictive and prescriptive models pertaining to crash risk prediction and minimization, respectively. In this part, we review and categorize the optimization/ prescriptive analytic models that focus on minimizing crash risk. Although the majority of works in this segment of the literature are related to the hazardous materials (hazmat) trucking problems, we show that (with some exceptions) many can also be utilized in non-hazmat scenarios. In an effort to highlight the effect of crash risk prediction model on the accumulated risk obtained from the prescriptive model, we present a simulated example where we utilize four risk indicators (obtained from logistic regression, Poisson regression, XGBoost, and neural network) in the k-shortest path algorithm. From our example, we demonstrate two major designed takeaways: (a) the shortest path may not always result in the lowest crash risk, and (b) a similarity in overall predictive performance may not always translate to similar outcomes from the prescriptive models. Based on the review and example, we highlight several avenues for future research.

scholarly journals Traffic Calming Measures: An Evaluation of the Effect on Driving Speed

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrius Vaitkus ◽  
Donatas Čygas ◽  
Vilma Jasiūnienė ◽  
Laura Jateikienė ◽  
Tadas Andriejauskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Calming ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Accident Probability ◽  
Driving Speed

Road accidents are one of the leading causes of death in the world, particularly among young people. Excessive speed is one of the main risk factors in road traffic safety, increasing accident probability and affecting accident severity. Experimental research of the traffic calming measures allocation effect on the driving speed is presented in this paper. The research has been carried out on two aspects. The first one with respect to the mean speed and the second one regarding instantaneous speed. However, the paper is not only restricted by the above research. Standardized survey interview and questioning, a survey of public opinion, was carried out to find out the road users’ opinions about the need for traffic calming measures and speed control measures. Finally, the authors presented their insights and recommendations for the installation of speed humps and gateways and their optimum spacing.

scholarly journals On the legal status of cadets and attendees of road traffic safety protection courses during the traineeship

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Fazil Nazim ogly Zeinalov
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Safety Protection ◽  
The Law

The research object is the system of social and legal relations in the field of road traffic safety protection. The research subject is the set of legal provisions regulating the administrative and legal status of cadets and attendees during all types of traineeship.   The purpose of the research is to analyze the normative base regulating the recruitment of students during the traineeship, and the legal status of students. The research methodology is based on the fundamental provisions of the theory of law; the generalization of practical experience; the usage of methods of logical, monographical and system analysis. The field of application of the research results: the law-making process of the government organizations, the law-enforcement activity of law-enforcement bodies; the educational process of educational institutions; the research work of road traffic safety protection specialists; the improvement of the branches of Russia’s legal system. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the practical and scientific importance of the problems of law-enforcement activities of law-enforcement agencies in the field of road traffic safety protection, and by the necessity to improve the legal fundamentals regulating the powers of students during the traineeship. The author analyzes federal legislation, subordinate and sectoral laws to find out whether they describe the legal status of a student during the traineeship at road traffic safety units, or not. The author formulates the proposals about the improvement of the administrative and legal status of students of higher education institutions of the State Road Traffic Safety Authority in regard to specifying their rights and duties during the traineeship at the units of the State Road Traffic Safety Authority.   

Thoughts on Road Traffic Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
Róbert Major ◽  
Gábor Mészáros
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Current State ◽  
Prevention Programmes

The safety of travel on public roads is one of the most important issues to be developed in Hungary and in the European Union. The authors conducted a survey on the current state of the topic in Hungary. They examine the actions undertaken in traffic safety and traffic control in the past years in the country. Vehicle drivers consider regulations on speed limits and overspeeding to be less respectable and acceptable. The absolute transgression of the speed limit, also known as overspeeding, significantly increases the risk of accidents, and also adds to the severity of accidents, considering the majority of the traumas and the occurrence of fatalities in these accidents. Overspeeding is the greatest problem point in road traffic safety issues such as speeding, drunk driving and the use of passive road traffic safety gear. Considering the fatal road accidents in Hungary, it has become evident that the number of absolute overspeeding cases is significantly increasing. Overspeeding plays a significant role in the severity of the accident, especially in cases of unprotected travellers, pedestrians and cyclists. Traffic control is part of influencing the awareness and education of safe travelling. Police traffic control and accident prevention programmes aim to decrease the number of victims of road traffic accidents.

scholarly journals Identification of Traffic Accident Hotspots using Geographical Information System (GIS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 4429-4438
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographical Information System ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hotspot Analysis ◽  
Road Traffic Safety

Limiting the number andseverity of traffic accidents is one of the major goals of road traffic safety management.The alarming rate of road accidents globally emphasizes the importance of an effective traffic safety management system. Identification of accident hotspots is the first step towards implementation of efficient traffic safety management.Until the arrival of Geographical Information System (GIS),traffic accident analyses have been performed based ontraditional statistical methods alone. The advent of GIS-based techniques has led toimproved traffic accident analysis by employing spatial statistics,enabling engineers and researchers to account for variation in the spatial characteristics of hotspot locations in the analysis. This paper discusses the different spatial and statistical methods that are employedintraffic accident hotspots identification. An example application of Planar Kernel Density Estimation (PKDE)for hotspot identification is presented based on crash data for Des Moines city of Iowa state. The effect of varying bandwidths in creating density mapsis investigated and the optimum bandwidth to obtain distinct hotspots is identified as 500 m for the chosen study area.The paper also discusses the scope for future research in traffic accident hotspot analysis.

Safety Enhancement by Automated Driving: What are the Relevant Scenarios?

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1686-1690
Author(s):  
Niklas Grabbe ◽  
Michael Höcher ◽  
Alexander Thanos ◽  
Klaus Bengler
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Human Driver ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Vehicle Automation ◽  
Safety Enhancement

Automated driving offers great possibilities in traffic safety advancement. However, evidence of safety cannot be provided by current validation methods. One promising solution to overcome the approval trap (Winner, 2015) could be the scenario-based approach. Unfortunately, this approach still results in a huge number of test cases. One possible way out is to show the current, incorrect path in the argumentation and strategy of vehicle automation, and focus on the systemic mechanisms of road traffic safety. This paper therefore argues the case for defining relevant scenarios and analysing them systemically in order to ultimately reduce the test cases. The relevant scenarios are based on the strengths and weaknesses, in terms of the driving task, for both the human driver and automation. Finally, scenarios as criteria for exclusion are being proposed in order to systemically assess the contribution of the human driver and automation to road safety.

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