scholarly journals Assessing the Accuracy of Popular Commercial Technologies That Measure Resting Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D. Stone ◽  
Hana K. Ulman ◽  
Kaylee Tran ◽  
Andrew G. Thompson ◽  
Manuel D. Halter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Concordance Correlation ◽  
Continue Development ◽  
Percent Error ◽  
Validation Standard ◽  
Commercial Off The Shelf ◽  
Absolute Percent Error

Commercial off-the shelf (COTS) wearable devices continue development at unprecedented rates. An unfortunate consequence of their rapid commercialization is the lack of independent, third-party accuracy verification for reported physiological metrics of interest, such as heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV). To address these shortcomings, the present study examined the accuracy of seven COTS devices in assessing resting-state HR and root mean square of successive differences (rMSSD). Five healthy young adults generated 148 total trials, each of which compared COTS devices against a validation standard, multi-lead electrocardiogram (mECG). All devices accurately reported mean HR, according to absolute percent error summary statistics, although the highest mean absolute percent error (MAPE) was observed for CameraHRV (17.26%). The next highest MAPE for HR was nearly 15% less (HRV4Training, 2.34%). When measuring rMSSD, MAPE was again the highest for CameraHRV [112.36%, concordance correlation coefficient (CCC): 0.04], while the lowest MAPEs observed were from HRV4Training (4.10%; CCC: 0.98) and OURA (6.84%; CCC: 0.91). Our findings support extant literature that exposes varying degrees of veracity among COTS devices. To thoroughly address questionable claims from manufacturers, elucidate the accuracy of data parameters, and maximize the real-world applicative value of emerging devices, future research must continually evaluate COTS devices.

scholarly journals A Pragmatic Controlled Trial of Forest Bathing Compared with Compassionate Mind Training in the UK: Impacts on Self-Reported Wellbeing and Heart Rate Variability

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1380
Author(s):  
Kirsten McEwan ◽  
David Giles ◽  
Fiona J. Clarke ◽  
Yasu Kotera ◽  
Gary Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Increase Heart Rate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Forest Bathing ◽  
Mind Training

Forest Bathing, where individuals use mindfulness to engage with nature, has been reported to increase heart rate variability and benefit wellbeing. To date, most Forest Bathing studies have been conducted in Asia. Accordingly, this paper reports the first pragmatic controlled trial of Forest Bathing in the United Kingdom, comparing Forest Bathing with a control comprising an established wellbeing intervention also known to increase heart rate variability called Compassionate Mind Training. Sixty-one university staff and students (50 females, 11 males) were allocated to (i) Forest Bathing, (ii) Compassionate Mind Training or (iii) Forest Bathing combined with Compassionate Mind Training. Wellbeing and heart rate variability were measured at baseline, post-intervention and three-months follow-up. There were improvements in positive emotions, mood disturbance, rumination, nature connection and compassion and 57% of participants showed an increase in heart rate variability. There were no significant differences between conditions, showing that Forest Bathing had equivalence with an established wellbeing intervention. The findings will help healthcare providers and policy makers to understand the effects of Forest Bathing and implement it as a feasible social prescription to improve wellbeing. Future research needs to involve clinical populations and to assess the effects of Forest Bathing in a fully powered randomised controlled trial.

scholarly journals Reduction of depressive symptoms during inpatient treatment is not associated with changes in heart rate variability

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248686
Author(s):  
Sabrina Neyer ◽  
Michael Witthöft ◽  
Mark Cropley ◽  
Markus Pawelzik ◽  
Ricardo Gregorio Lugo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Before And After

Vagally mediated heart rate variability (HRV) is a psychophysiological indicator of mental and physical health. Limited research suggests there is reduced vagal activity and resulting lower HRV in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD); however little is actually known about the association between HRV and symptoms of depression and whether the association mirrors symptom improvement following psychotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between antidepressant therapy, symptom change and HRV in 50 inpatients (68% females; 17–68 years) with a diagnosis of MDD. Severity of depressive symptoms was assessed by self-report (Beck Depression Inventory II) and the Hamilton Rating Scale of Depression. Measures of vagally mediated HRV (root mean square of successive differences and high-frequency) were assessed at multiple measurement points before and after inpatient psychotherapeutic and psychiatric treatment. Results showed an expected negative correlation between HRV and depressive symptoms at intake. Depressive symptoms improved (d = 0.84) without corresponding change in HRV, demonstrating a de-coupling between this psychophysiological indicator and symptom severity. To our knowledge, this study is the first to examine an association between HRV and depressive symptoms before and after psychotherapy. The observed de-coupling of depression and HRV, and its methodological implications for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Heart rate variability as it pertains to sports related concussion and post-concussion syndrome

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (23 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S20.3-S21
Author(s):  
Thomas Bottiglieri ◽  
Randy Casals
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Post Concussion Syndrome ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Rigorous Study ◽  
Subjective Reports

ContextSports related concussions (SRC), occur frequently in contact and collision sports and detection relies predominantly on subjective reports by athletes themselves. A non-invasive means of monitoring brain function and injury is desirable. Existing literature has established autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction in the setting of brain injury. Heart rate variability (HRV) has been accepted as a means of measuring ANS function and correlation of ANS dysregulation after brain injury through HRV measurement can aid in the detection of concussions, monitoring of recovery, and may offer a target for intervention.MethodsThe studies included were found on the Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases through searches of the following keywords: HRV, heart rate variability and concussion, post-concussion syndrome, and HRV biofeedback. We excluded studies that were not in English and did not meet the inclusion criteria of pertaining to SRC, sports performance, or ANS function.DesignClinical review.ResultsCurrent literature supports the notion that SRC causes dysregulation of the ANS, which can be detecting through changes in HRV. Monitoring HR and analyzing HRV can be used as a tool to detect SRC, monitor recovery, and set a target for treatment. Biofeedback techniques targeting HRV have been used to improve HRV and expedite recovery from SRC.ConclusionExisting literature has shown HRV is a tool for concussion detection and HRV biofeedback can aid in recovery. More rigorous study of the best ways to measure HRV in athletes, qualify and quantify changes in HRV specific to SRC, timing of change, timing of resolution of ANS dysfunction, and clinical significance of persistent HRV change after injury were all identified as targets for future research. Interventional studies evaluating the use of biofeedback as a means of improving HRV and reducing concussion symptoms severity and duration are warranted as well.

scholarly journals Burden and Heart Rate Variability in Bipolar Disorder Family Caregivers

2021 ◽  
pp. 019394592110636
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Williams ◽  
Jaclene A. Zauszniewski
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
African American ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Family caregivers of persons with bipolar disorder experience considerable stress. Yet, studies have not examined whether their stress differs by race and gender. This preliminary analysis of baseline data from 228 African American and White family caregivers of adults with bipolar disorder who were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial examined race and gender differences on two validated self-report measures of psychological stress (caregiver burden and caregiver reactions) and an electrocardiography device used to capture heart rate variability (HRV). No statistically significant differences were found by race or gender on either measure of psychological stress. African American caregivers had significantly lower scores on two indices of HRV compared to White caregivers. Women had significantly lower scores on one index of HRV compared to men. Low HRV indicates greater stress and mortality risk. Future research should include HRV to measure caregiver stress and implement relevant interventions.

scholarly journals Postural Changes on Heart Rate Variability among Older Population: A Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Warawoot Chuangchai ◽  
Wiraporn Pothisiri
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Supine Position ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sitting Position ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Postural Changes

Objective. This study aims to investigate an association between body postures and autonomic nervous system (ANS) responses through analysis of short-term heart rate variability (HRV) data obtained through electrocardiography. Methods. Forty older individuals were recruited to form the sample. HRV measurements were taken in three positions—sitting, supine, and standing—and compared. Results. Results demonstrated statistically significant differences in the HRV parameters used to examine the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), specifically in the measurements obtained from the sitting position and the supine position ( P  < 0.001 for PNS and P  = 0.011 for SNS). The differences in these parameters were, however, negligible between the sitting and the standing positions. Moreover, the ANS responses obtained in the sitting position were strongly and positively correlated with those in the standing position (r = 0.854 for PNS and r = 0.794 for SNS). These results suggested that the PNS and SNS parameters obtained while sitting were likely to be affected by orthostatic hypotension in much the same way as those in the standing position, as compared to the supine position. Conclusions. As such, sitting may not be the best position for older individuals in the assessment of their autonomic responses, whereas the supine position is recommended as the baseline posture in the old-age population. These findings are useful for future research in clinical settings that require accuracy in the ANS responses as determined by the HRV measurements.

scholarly journals Standardized massage interventions as protocols for the induction of psychophysiological relaxation in the laboratory: a block randomized, controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Meier ◽  
Eva Unternaehrer ◽  
Stephanie J. Dimitroff ◽  
Annika B. E. Benz ◽  
Ulrike U. Bentele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Psychophysiological State ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Regenerative Systems ◽  
Future Work

Abstract Health and disease are strongly linked to psychophysiological states. While stress research strongly benefits from standardized stressors, no established protocol focuses on the induction of psychophysiological relaxation. To maintain health, functioning regenerative systems are however likely as important as functioning stress systems. Thus, the identification of validated relaxation paradigms is needed. Here, we investigated whether standardized massages are capable of reliably inducing physiological and psychological states of relaxation. Relaxation was indicated by changes in high frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV), a vagally-mediated heart rate variability component, and repeated ratings of subjective relaxation, and stress levels. Sixty healthy women were randomly assigned to a vagus nerve massage (n = 19), a soft shoulder massage (n = 22), or a resting control group (n = 19). During the intervention, HF-HRV and subjective relaxation increased, while subjective stress decreased significantly in all groups. Both massage interventions elicited significantly higher HF-HRV compared to the control group. Accordingly, both massage protocols increased psychophysiological relaxation, and may serve as useful tools in future research. However, future work will have to determine which of several protocols might be used as a gold standard to induce a psychophysiological state of relaxation in the laboratory.

scholarly journals Heart Rate Variability as a Biomarker for Predicting Stroke, Post-stroke Complications and Functionality

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117727191878693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ty Lees ◽  
Fatima Shad-Kaneez ◽  
Ann M Simpson ◽  
Najah T Nassif ◽  
Yiguang Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Stroke Diagnosis ◽  
Non Linear

Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive measure of the function of the autonomic nervous system, and its dynamic nature may provide a means through which stroke and its associated complications may be predicted, monitored, and managed. Objective: The objective of this review is to identify and provide a critique on the most recent uses of HRV in stroke diagnosis/management and highlight areas that warrant further research. Methods: The MEDLINE, CINAHL, and OVID MEDLINE databases were canvassed using a systematic search strategy, for articles investigating the use of HRV in stroke diagnosis and management. Initial paper selections were based on title alone, and final paper inclusion was informed by a full-text critical appraisal. Results: The systematic search returned 98 records, of which 51 were unique. Following screening, 22 records were included in the final systematic review. The included papers provided some information regarding predicting incident stroke, which largely seems to be best predicted by time- and frequency-domain HRV parameters. Furthermore, post-stroke complications and functionality are similarly predicted by time- and frequency-domain parameters, as well as non-linear parameters in some instances. Conclusions: Current research provides good evidence that HRV parameters may have utility as a biomarker for stroke and for post-stroke complications and/or functionality. Future research would benefit from the integration of non-linear, and novel parameters, the hybridisation of HRV parameters, and the expansion of the utilisation of predictive regression and hazard modelling.

scholarly journals Impact of Water Temperature on Heart Rate Variability during Bathing

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 378
Author(s):  
Jianbo Xu ◽  
Wenxi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Approximate Entropy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physiological Factor ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) is affected by many factors. This paper aims to explore the impact of water temperature (WT) on HRV during bathing. Methods: The bathtub WT was preset at three conditions: i.e., low WT (36–38 °C), medium WT (38–40 °C), and high WT (40–42 °C), respectively. Ten subjects participated in the data collection. Each subject collected five electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings at each preset bathtub WT condition. Each recording was 18 min long with a sampling rate of 200 Hz. In total, 150 ECG recordings and 150 WT recordings were collected. Twenty HRV features were calculated using 1-min ECG segments each time. The k-means clustering analysis method was used to analyze the rough trends based on the preset WT. Analyses of the significant differences were performed using the multivariate analysis of variance of t-tests, and the mean and standard deviation (SD) of each HRV feature based on the WT were calculated. Results: The statistics show that with increasing WT, 11 HRV features are significantly (p < 0.05) and monotonously reduced, four HRV features are significantly (p < 0.05) and monotonously rising, two HRV features are rising first and then reduced, two HRV features (fuzzy and approximate entropy) are almost unchanged, and vLF power is rising. Conclusion: The WT has an important impact on HRV during bathing. The findings in the present work reveal an important physiological factor that affects the dynamic changes of HRV and contribute to better quantitative analyses of HRV in future research works.

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