scholarly journals Caloric Restriction in Group-Housed Mice: Littermate and Sex Influence on Behavioral and Hormonal Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Perea ◽  
Ana Vázquez-Ágredos ◽  
Leandro Ruiz-Leyva ◽  
Ignacio Morón ◽  
Jesús Martín Zúñiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hybrid Strain ◽  
Sex Influence ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Unrelated Male

Much of the research done on aging, oxidative stress, anxiety, and cognitive and social behavior in rodents has focused on caloric restriction (CR). This often involves several days of single housing, which can cause numerous logistical problems, as well as cognitive and social dysfunctions. Previous results in our laboratory showed the viability of long-term CR in grouped rats. Our research has studied the possibility of CR in grouped female and male littermates and unrelated CB6F1/J (C57BL/6J × BALBc/J hybrid strain) mice, measuring: (i) possible differences in body mass proportions between mice in ad libitum and CR conditions (at 70% of ad libitum), (ii) aggressive behavior, using the number of pushes and chasing behavior time as an indicator and social behavior using the time under the feeder as indicator, and (iii) difference in serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentrations (stress biomarker), under ad libitum and CR conditions. Results showed the impossibility of implementing CR in unrelated male mice. In all other groups, CR was possible, with a less aggressive behavior (measured only with the number of pushes) observed in the unrelated female mice under CR conditions. In that sense, the ACTH levels measured on the last day of CR showed no difference in stress levels. These results indicate that implementantion of long-term CR in mice can be optimized technically and also related to their well-being by grouping animals, in particular, related mice.

Abstract P138: Long-term Effects Of Severe Caloric Restriction To The Heart Function

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline M De Souza ◽  
Jonathas Almeida ◽  
Nataliia Shults ◽  
Hong Ji ◽  
Kathryn Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Isolated Hearts ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
And Function

Severe caloric restriction (sCR) increases the risk for acute cardiovascular disease. Less understood are the long-term effects on cardiovascular disease risk after the sCR period has ended. We investigated the effects of sCR on heart structure and function months after refeeding (sCR-Refed). Female Fischer rats (3-months-old) were maintained on (CT) ad libitum or a 60% caloric restricted diet for 2 weeks. Thereafter, all rats received ad libitum chow for 3 months and they were analyzed by precision ultrasound to assess their heart function. After imaging, the animals were sacrificed and the hearts were subjected to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) using a Langendorff preparation. After 2 weeks of sCR, rats lost 15% of their initial body weight (BW) [% (100*(Final-Initial/Initial)): CT, 1.5±0.8 vs sCR, -15.4±1.1; p<0.001;n=8]. After 3 months of refeeding, there was no detectable difference in BW between CT and sFR-Refed groups. Isolated hearts from the sCR-Refed rats exhibited worse myocardial pathology after I/R compared to CT rats. The parallel orientation of myofibers and striations normally present in cardiomyocytes was lost in sCR-Refed rats. Further analysis revealed uneven blood-filling of the microcirculatory vessels and prominent interstitial edema of the myocardium. Hearts from sCR-Refed rats had more atrophied cardiomyocytes than CT [Atrophied/Total (%): CT, 0.2±0.1 vs sCR-Refed, 50.6±1.1; p<0.001; n=5]. The number of arrhythmic events during a 30 min ischemic interval in isolated hearts doubled after 2 weeks on the sCR diet ( data not shown ) and remained doubled 3 months later [Arrhythmias (% of time): CT, 34±8 vs sCR-Refed, 68±9; p=0.02; n=8]. Ultrasound imaging showed no difference in stroke volume, coronary perfusion pressure and left ventricular mass. However, the thickness of the left ventricular posterior wall was significantly reduced in sCR-Refed rats [(mm): CT, 2.55 ±0.03 vs sCR-Refed, 2.10±0.04; p=0.002; n=4]. These findings indicate heart structure and function remained damaged months after the sCR period ended and BW was restored. These studies have adverse cardiovascular risk implications for who are subjected either voluntarily (crash diets) or involuntarily (very low food security) to periods of inadequate caloric intake.

P0100CALORIC RESTRICTION ALLEVIATES AGING-RELATED FIBROSIS OF KIDNEY THROUGH MIR-21 DOWNREGULATION IN EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-Yan Cai
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract Background and Aims The mechanism of renal interstitial fibrosis occurs with kidney aging is unknown. Caloric restriction and caloric restriction mimetics (CRM) alleviate aging-related-fibrosis. The aim of this study is to investigate whether extracellular microvesicles (EVs) derived from senescent cells facilitate fibrosis development in aging kidney and the potential signalling pathway involved in the process. Method In this study, animal experiments included 3-mon-old ad libitum(YAL) rats, 24-mon-old ad libitum(OAL) rats and 24-mon-old caloric restriction(OCR) rats, which was given 70% of OAL’s for 8 months. Senescent cells were induced in proximal tubular epithelial cells(PTCs) by high glucose and further treated with resveratrol as CRM. The expression of miR-21, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPARα), hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF1α) in the kidney of rats and PTCs were examined. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the related signalling pathway were detected by up- or down-regulation of miR-21, respectively. Results Long-term caloric restriction ameliorated senescent changes and aging-related fibrosis in aged ad libitum rat kidney. Caloric restriction blunted the increased expressions of miR-21 and HIF1α, the decreased expression of PPARα in renal tissue of old rats. High glucose induced PTCs senesence phenotype and EMT. miR-21 was detected in extracellular vesicles secreted by senescent PTC cells. CRMs resveratrol prevented EMT through downregulation of miR-21 in extracellular vesicles from the senescent PTC cells. Further, inhibiting miR-21 of donor senescent cells prevented the occurrence of EMT in recipient PTC cells. Finally, miR-21 induced EMT mainly through targeting PPARα protein and enhancing HIF1α expression. Conclusion This study demonstrated that miR-21-containing extracellular microvesicles derived from the senescent cells could facilitate tubular phenotype transition of neighbouring PTC cells via PPARα-HIF1α signalling pathway. Long-term caloric restriction and caloric restriction mimetics alleviate aging-related renal fibrosis through downregulation of miR-21 excretion.

scholarly journals Observations on the Nilgiri Marten Martes gwatkinsii (Mammalia: Carnivora: Mustelidae) from Pampadum Shola National Park, the southern Western Ghats, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11226
Author(s):  
G. Anil ◽  
Navaneeth Kishor ◽  
Naseef Gafoor ◽  
Naseer Ommer ◽  
P. O. Nameer
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
National Park ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
History Information ◽  
Southern Western Ghats

We present herewith some natural history information such as social behavior, aggressive behavior, vocalization, food and feeing, basking and allo-grooming, time activity pattern etc. on the Nilgiri Marten Martes gwatkinsii, the endemic and threatened mustelid of Western Ghats. The conservation recommendations were also suggested for the long-term conservation of the Nilgiri Marten. 

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Long-Term Caloric Restriction and Dietary Protein Source on Bone and Marrow Fat of the Aging Rat

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 2031-2036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Duque ◽  
Ahmed Al Saedi ◽  
Daniel Rivas ◽  
Stéphanie Miard ◽  
Guylaine Ferland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Marrow Fat ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract Long-term caloric restriction (CR) has been shown to be beneficial to various tissues and organs. In contrast, CR exerts differential effects on bone, which could be due in part to the nature of the protein regime utilized. Male Sprague Dawley rats (8-month-old) were subjected for 12 months to 40% CR in macronutrients and compared with rats fed ad libitum for the same period. Casein- and soy-fed groups were compared. There was a significant decrease in bone quality in both CR groups, which was independent of the source of protein in the diet. In contrast, the group fed soy protein ad libitum showed better bone quality and higher levels of bone formation compared with casein-fed animals. Notably, bone marrow adipocytes were not mobilized upon CR as demonstrated by an absence of change in adipocyte number and tissue expression of leptin. This study demonstrates that the negative effect of CR on bone quality could not be prevented by the most common protein regimes.

scholarly journals Effect of long-term caloric restriction and exercise on muscle bioenergetics and force development in rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (4) ◽  
pp. E766-E773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Horská ◽  
Larry J. Brant ◽  
Donald K. Ingram ◽  
Richard G. Hansford ◽  
George S. Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Second Period

We evaluated the hypothesis that long-term caloric restriction and exercise would have beneficial effects on muscle bioenergetics and performance in the rat. By themselves, each of these interventions is known to increase longevity, and bioenergetic improvements are thought to be important in this phenomenon. Accordingly, we investigated rats that underwent long-term caloric restriction and were sedentary, ad libitum-fed rats permitted to exercise by daily spontaneous wheel running (AE), and the combination of the dietary and exercise interventions (RE). Ad libitum-fed, sedentary rats comprised the control group.31P NMR spectra of the gastrocnemius muscle (GM) were collected in vivo at rest and during two periods of electrical stimulation. Neither caloric restriction nor exercise affected the ratio of phosphocreatine to ATP or pH at rest. During the first stimulation and after recovery, the RE group had a significantly smaller decline in pH than did the other groups ( P < 0.05). During the second period of stimulation, the decrease in pH was much smaller in all groups than during the first stimulation, with no differences observed among the groups. The combination of caloric restriction and exercise resulted in a significant attenuation in the decline in developed force during the second period of stimulation ( P < 0.05). A biochemical correlate of this was a significantly higher concentration of citrate synthase in the GM samples from the RE rats (32.7 ± 5.4 μmol ⋅ min−1 ⋅ g−1) compared with the AE rats (17.6 ± 5.7 μmol ⋅ min−1 ⋅ g−1; P < 0.05). Our experiments thus demonstrated a synergistic effect of long-term caloric restriction and free exercise on muscle bioenergetics during electrical stimulation.

A new model as an early life manipulation: Fake mother

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S346-S346
Author(s):  
M. Kucukkarapinar ◽  
A. Dönmez ◽  
S. Candansayar ◽  
A. Bozkurt ◽  
E. Akçay
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Social Interaction Test ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Maternal Odor ◽  
Interaction Test

IntroductionEarly life stressful events cause long-term neural changes that are associated with psychiatric disorders.ObjectiveEarly life manipulations focus on commonly the impact of remaining separate from the mother in a specific period of time. The maternal odor is required for pups to approach the mother for nursing. What happens when there is a mother that smell like a real mother but does not take care her own pups?AimTo investigate the fake mother effects on adult rat's behavioral changes, NMDR2B protein level changes in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.MethodsWistar rats were used. Fake mother (n:13), early handling (n:12), maternal separation (n:14) and control (n:12) were the study groups. A fake mother is an object that smells like a real dam. When the real mother is separated from own pups fake mother stays with the pups for an hour. Manipulations were made during the postnatal first 14 days. Behavioral tests (social interaction test, elevated plus maze, novel object recognition test) were made between postnatal 62 and 78 days. NMDAR2B protein levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were evaluated by using ELISA at postnatal 78 days.ResultsIn social interaction test, fake mother group exhibited less social behavior and more aggressive behavior than the other groups. Their long-term memory functions were the lowest. NMDAR2B protein levels in the hippocampus increased in rats that exposed to early stressful life events.ConclusionThese results support that being raised by fake mother increases aggressive behavior and decrease social behavior in adulthood.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Caloric restriction in grouped rats: aggregate influence on behavioural and hormonal data

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 490-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikel Moneo ◽  
Jesús Martín Zúñiga ◽  
Ignacio Morón
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Group Housing ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Middle Term ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stress Biomarker

The majority of studies in short- and middle-term caloric restriction (CR) have been primarily focused on physiological parameters, improvements in aging, modulation of oxidative stress, and long-term negative effects on cognitive functions. However, single-housing associated with CR may pose many logistical problems. Thus, it is necessary to study the effects of CR under conditions in which animals are group-housed. The aims of this study were to (i) observe the possible differences in the proportion of the weights and social behaviour under ad libitum and CR (at 70%) conditions; (ii) examine the eventual inequalities in the proportion of the weights and social behaviour (the time spent eating under the feeder as an indicator of dominance and empathy, and the number of ‘pushes’ as an indicator of aggressiveness) in sibling and non-sibling rats under CR conditions; and (iii) compare the concentrations of corticosterone (stress biomarker) in serum under ad libitum and CR conditions. The results indicated the effectiveness of CR in different groups independent of the relationship between the rats. No extreme changes in weight were observed in the CR rats. Behavioural observations also indicated the differences in the total time spent under the feeder and in the number of pushes (higher in both cases for the sibling rats). However, no significant differences in corticosterone levels were observed. Our results suggest the viability of group-housing rats during long periods of CR maintenance.

Improving Feeding Outcomes in the NICU: Moving From Volume-Driven to Infant-Driven Feeding

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine S. Shaker
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dynamic Systems Theory ◽  
Feeding Problems ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Extremely Preterm Infants

Current research on feeding outcomes after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) suggests a need to critically look at the early underpinnings of persistent feeding problems in extremely preterm infants. Concepts of dynamic systems theory and sensitive care-giving are used to describe the specialized needs of this fragile population related to the emergence of safe and successful feeding and swallowing. Focusing on the infant as a co-regulatory partner and embracing a framework of an infant-driven, versus volume-driven, feeding approach are highlighted as best supporting the preterm infant's developmental strivings and long-term well-being.

Intraindividual Variability and Stability of Affect and Well-Being

GeroPsych ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Röcke ◽  
Annette Brose
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Underlying Processes

Whereas subjective well-being remains relatively stable across adulthood, emotional experiences show remarkable short-term variability, with younger and older adults differing in both amount and correlates. Repeatedly assessed affect data captures both the dynamics and stability as well as stabilization that may indicate emotion-regulatory processes. The article reviews (1) research approaches to intraindividual affect variability, (2) functional implications of affect variability, and (3) age differences in affect variability. Based on this review, we discuss how the broader literature on emotional aging can be better integrated with theories and concepts of intraindividual affect variability by using appropriate methodological approaches. Finally, we show how a better understanding of affect variability and its underlying processes could contribute to the long-term stabilization of well-being in old age.

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