scholarly journals Non-antibiotic compounds affecting the growth of urinary pathogens during urine culture: a preliminary in vitro study

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-191
Author(s):  
Márió Gajdács
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Subtilis Atcc

Introduction: Urine samples are one of the most frequently submitted samples for culture to clinical microbiology laboratories, exceeding the number of most of the other clinical sample types. Various non-antibiotic pharmaceutical compounds may have inhibitory properties on bacteria, as many of these agents accumlate in/eliminated through urine. Methods: Sixty (n=60) pharmacological agents were tested during our experiments. Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603 (ESBL-producing) and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 were the bacterial strains utilized in this study. Detection of inhibitory activity among the tested compounds was performed on Mueller-Hinton plates, using disk diffusion method. Results: Nineteen (n=19) compounds presented with various levels of inhibitory activity on the tested bacterial strains (four compounds for K. pneumoniae, seven compounds on E. coli and sixteen compounds on S. aureus). The compounds showed the highest levels of inhibitory activity on B. subtilis ATCC 6633, which is one of the main bacterial strains used for the screening of the ’intrinsic’ antibacterial activity of urine. Conclusion: Our results suggest that further experiments, involving additional pharmacological agents is warranted, to establish the full extent of their influence on the appropriate culture of urine samples.

scholarly journals Essential Oil from Origanum vulgare Completely Inhibits the Growth of Multidrug-Resistant Cystic Fibrosis Pathogens

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Pesavento ◽  
Valentina Maggini ◽  
Isabel Maida ◽  
Antonella Lo Nostro ◽  
Carmela Calonico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Achromobacter Xylosoxidans ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Wide Range

Essential oils (EOs) are known to inhibit the growth of a wide range of microorganisms. Particularly interesting is the possible use of EOs to treat multidrug-resistant cystic fibrosis (CF) pathogens. We tested the essential oil (EO) from Origanum vulgare for in vitro antimicrobial activity, against three of the major human opportunistic pathogens responsible for respiratory infections in CF patients; these are methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Achromobacter xylosoxidans. Antibiotic susceptibility of each strain was previously tested by the standard disk diffusion method. Most strains were resistant to multiple antibiotics and could be defined as multi-drug-resistant (MDR). The antibacterial activity of O. vulgare EO (OEO) against a panel of 59 bacterial strains was evaluated, with MIC and MBC determined at 24, 48 and 72 hours by a microdilution method. The OEO was effective against all tested strains, although to a different extent. The MBC and MIC of OEO for S. aureus strains were either lower or equal to 0.50%, v/v, for A. xylosoxidans strains were lower or equal to 1% and 0.50%, v/v, respectively; and for S. maltophilia strains were lower or equal to 0.25%, v/v. The results from this study suggest that OEO might exert a role as an antimicrobial in the treatment of CF infections.

scholarly journals Association between Biofilm-Production and Antibiotic Resistance in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC): An In Vitro Study

Diseases ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payam Behzadi ◽  
Edit Urbán ◽  
Márió Gajdács
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infections requiring medical attention worldwide. The production of biofilms is an important step in UTIs, not only from a mechanistic point of view, but this may also confer additional resistance, distinct from other aspects of multidrug resistance (MDR). A total of two hundred and fifty (n = 250) Escherichia coli isolates, originating from clean-catch urine samples, were included in this study. The isolates were classified into five groups: wild-type, ciprofloxacin-resistant, fosfomycin-resistant, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant and extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains. The bacterial specimens were cultured using eosine methylene blue agar and the colony morphology of isolates were recorded. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method and E-tests. Biofilm-formation of the isolates was carried out with the crystal violet tube-adherence method. n = 76 isolates (30.4%) produced large colonies (>3 mm), mucoid variant colonies were produced in n = 135 cases (54.0%), and n = 119 (47.6%) were positive for biofilm formation. The agreement (i.e., predictive value) of mucoid variant colonies in regard to biofilm production in the tube-adherence assay was 0.881 overall. Significant variation was seen in the case of the group of ESBL-producers in the ratio of biofilm-producing isolates. The relationship between biofilm-production and other resistance determinants has been extensively studied. However, no definite conclusion can be reached from the currently available data.

scholarly journals In Vitro Testing of Salicylanilide Derivatives Against Some Fungal and Bacterial Strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1496-1499
Author(s):  
Ioana Maria Carmen Ienascu ◽  
Diana Obistioiu ◽  
Iuliana Maria Popescu ◽  
Mariana Nela Stefanut ◽  
Osser Gyongyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Dental Office ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Benzamide Derivatives ◽  
Effective Compound

In the dental office, disinfection and sterilization are a matter of utmost importance for both the physician, the medical staff and the patient. Twelve N-(2-bromo-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-benzamide and N-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-benzamide derivatives were synthesized and tested for antimicrobial activity against 6 bacterial and 2 fungal strains using the Disk diffusion method for susceptibility testing. The obtained results indicated that the N-(2-bromo-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-benzamide derivatives were more active against the tested microbes, inhibition zones of 6-12 mm being obtained, although the most effective compound against S. pyogenes proved to be N-(4-bromo-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-benzamide (14 mm inhibition zone). The tested compounds presented no effect against S. aureus, S. flexneri, S. typhimurium and C. parapsilopsis at the tested concentration.

scholarly journals In vitro antimicrobial evaluation of toothpastes with natural compounds

2015 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 580-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila de Camargo Smolarek ◽  
Luis Antonio Esmerino ◽  
Ana Cláudia Chibinski ◽  
Marcelo Carlos Bortoluzzi ◽  
Elizabete Brasil dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

ABSTRACT Objectives: This in vitro study evaluated the antimicrobial effects of commercial toothpastes containing natural compounds. Materials and Methods: The study groups were divided based on the natural compound present in the toothpaste composition: Sorbitol (I), tocopherol (II), mint (III), cinnamon/mint (IV), propolis/melaleuca (V), mint/açai (VI), mint/guarana (VII), propolis (VIII), negative control (IX), and the positive control (X). The antimicrobial properties of the toothpastes were tested using the disk diffusion method against oral pathogens: Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecalis. The resulting inhibition halos were measured in millimeters. Results: The data indicated that the bacteria responded differently to the toothpastes (P < 0.0001). The diameters of the inhibition halos against S. mutans were in decreasing order of efficacy: Propolis/melaleuca > mint/guarana > mint/açai > sorbitol > tocopherol > cinnamon/mint > propolis > mint (P < 0.001 vs. negative control). E. faecalis showed variable responses to the dentifrices in the following order of decreasing efficacy: Mint/guarana > propolis > sorbitol > mint/açai > tocopherol > cinnamon/mint > mint = propolis/melaleuca = negative control. The product with the highest antimicrobial activity was mint/guarana, which was significantly different than propolis/melaleuca, mint, cinnamon/mint, and tocopherol and negative control (P < 0.001). The statistical analysis indicated that propolis, sorbitol, and mint/açai did not show any differences compared to mint/guarana (P > 0.05) and positive control (P > 0.05). P. aeruginosa was resistant to all dental gels tested including positive control. Conclusion: The toothpastes with natural compounds have therapeutic potential and need more detailed searches for the correct clinic therapeutic application. The results from this study revealed differences in the antimicrobial activities of commercial toothpastes with natural compounds.

Heteroaromatization with 4-Phenyldiazenyl-1-naphthol. Part IV: Synthesis of Some New Heterocyclic Compounds with Potential Biological Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 931-938
Author(s):  
Hany M. Mohamed ◽  
Ashraf H.F. Abd El-Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Azo Compounds ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Tetrazole Derivatives

Background: Synthetic azo compounds and their derivatives have been studied extensively due to their biological and pharmacological activities. Pyranopyridines, pyranopyrimidines and tetrazoles derivatives have emerged as a promising and attractive scaffold in the development of potent biological and pharmacological agents. Objectives: To design a series of new benzochromeno(pyridine/pyrimidine/tetrazole) derivatives and evaluate their antimicrobial activity against some bacterial strains (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) and some fungal strains. Materials and Methods: The (E)-7-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(phenyldiazenyl)-10-thioxo-7,9,10,11-tetrahydro-8Hnaptho[ 1,2-b]pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidin-8-one (4) was synthesized by the reaction of 4H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran-3- carbonitrile (3) with carbon disulfide in alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution. Reaction of 3 with sodium azide in DMF and in presence of ammonium chloride afforded 6-(phenyldiazenyl)-3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4Hbenzo[ h]chromen-2-amine (7) while with malononitrile, thiourea or urea gave chromeno[2,3-b]pyridine-9- carbonitrile (8), chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-10-thione (9) and chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-10-one (10), respectively. The assignment structures were established on the basis of spectral data. Results: In this study, the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds 3-12 was examined for their in vitro antimicrobial activity by using agar diffusion method such as Mueller-Hinton agar medium for bacteria and Sabouraud’s agar medium for fungi. Ampicillin and mycostatine were included in the experiments as reference drugs. Conclusion: A series of new benzochromeno(pyridine/pyrimidine/tetrazole) derivatives were synthesized in this work. All compounds were evaluated in antimicrobial activities.

Antimicrobial Isothiocyanates from the Seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam.

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 557-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor P. Padla ◽  
Ludivina T. Solis ◽  
Ruel M. Levida ◽  
Chien-Chang Shen ◽  
Consolacion Y. Ragasa
Keyword(s):  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Benzyl Isothiocyanate

4-(α-L-Rhamnosyloxy)benzyl isothiocyanate (1) and 4-(4’-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnosyloxy)- benzyl isothiocyanate (2) isolated from Moringa oleifera seeds were screened for their antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and for their antifungal activities against Candida albicans, Trichophyton rubrum, and Epidermophyton floccosum using the disk diffusion method. Isothiocyanates 1 and 2 were found active at the lowest inhibitory concentration of 1 mg/ml against all Grampositive bacteria tested (S. aureus, S. epidermidis, B. subtilis) and against the dermatophytic fungi E. floccosum and T. rubrum. Statistically signifi cant differences were found between the mean inhibition zones (IZ) of 1 and 2 and the standard drugs, ofl oxacin and clotrimazole. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values confi rmed the good antimicrobial activity of 1 and 2 against S. aureus, good to moderate activity against S. epidermidis, moderate activity against B. subtilis, and weak activity against E. floccosum and T. rubrum. The in vitro bactericidal effect of 1 and 2 against the Gram-positive bacterial strains tested is suggested by MBC:MIC ratios of 2:1.

scholarly journals The influence of plant essential oils on in vitro growth of Pectobacterium and Dickeya spp. bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Schollenberger ◽  
Agnieszka Gadomska-Gajadhur ◽  
Ewa Mirzwa-Mróz ◽  
Damian Kret ◽  
Ewa Skutnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Juniperus Virginiana ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
First Report ◽  
Plant Essential Oils

 The activity of essential oils from Eucalyptus globulus, Pinus silvestris, Lavandula angustifolia, Juniperus virginiana, Rosmarinus officinalis and Citrus paradise against the soft-rot pathogens Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, Pectobacterium atrosepticum, Pectobacterium parmentieri and Dickeya solani was determined in vitro. The antibacterial activity of the essential oils will be evaluated using the disk-diffusion method by Kirby-Bauer [Bauer et al. 1966]. It was found that all the presented essential oils varied in antimicrobial activity against the four bacterial strains. No differences in the influence of streptomycin on inhibition of growth of the four bacterial strains were observed. Among six tested plants, essential oils from P. sylvestris had the strongest inhibitory effect on the growth of soft rot bacteria from Pectobacterium genus. This paper constitute the first report on the activity of the essential oils obtained from J. virginiana against soft rot bacteria. They are also the first report on the activity of the essential oils obtained from E. globulus, P. silvestris, L. angustifolia and C. paradisi against P. atrosepticum, P. parmentieri and D. solani as well as on the activity of the R. officinalis essential oils against P. atrosepticum and P. parmentieri.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Effects of Nanoparticle-Incorporated Orthodontic Primer: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 030157422098818
Author(s):  
Cheepurupalli Meher Vineesha ◽  
D Praveen Kumar Varma ◽  
P Arun Bhupathi ◽  
CV Padma Priya ◽  
M Anoosha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

Aim and Objectives: To compare and evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of various nanoparticles incorporated in orthodontic primer with that of conventional antimicrobial agents at different concentrations on Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans) strain. Materials and Methods: Transbond XT Primer was mixed with 2.5% and 5% benzalkonium chloride (BAC), 0.2% and 2.5% chlorhexidine, 1% and 3% titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, 0.2% and 0.5% nanohydroxyapatite, and 0.2% and 0.5% silica-doped nanohydroxyapatite powders. Antibacterial activity against S. mutans for all the materials was evaluated by the disk diffusion method for periods of 48 (T1) and 72 (T2) hours. Results: There was a significant increase in the antimicrobial activity of the orthodontic primer modified by the addition of antibacterial agents. The highest zone of inhibition against S. mutans was observed for silica-doped nanohydroxyapatite of 0.5% (11.03 mm) among all the nanoparticles, which was similar to the conventional antibacterial agents used in our study. Conclusions: • Among all the groups, BAC at 5% concentration showed the highest antimicrobial activity, and the least activity was exhibited by 1% TiO2 nanoparticles. • Silica-doped nanohydroxyapatite at 0.5% expressed the greatest antibacterial activity among all the nanoparticles. • All the materials showed sustained antibacterial activity even after 72 hours.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Effects of Hydroalcoholic and Aqueous Extracts of Two Medicinal Plants in Comparison with Popular Antibiotics: An In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadra Ansaripour ◽  
Niloofar Safaei ◽  
Najme Bagheri
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Mean Diameter

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is considered a dangerous and drug-resistant hospital-acquired infection. Nowadays, there has been an increasing interest in the use of herbal drugs. Objectives: This in vitro study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial effects of Rumex acetosella L. and Cucurbita maxima L. on Acinetobacter baumannii in comparison with popular antibiotics. Methods: In this experimental study, after extraction, the antibacterial effects of extracts were determined based on MIC and MBC using broth microdilution. The effects of different concentrations of the extracts on A. baumannii growth were also investigated by the disk diffusion method. The results were compared with choice antibiotics. Results: The results of the study indicated that in broth microdilution, the MIC and MBC of the hydroalcoholic extract of C. maxima and the aqueous extract of R. acetosella were equal (64 and 128 µg/mL, respectively). The MIC and MBC of the hydroalcoholic extract of R. acetosella and the aqueous extract of C. maxima were 128 and 256 µg/mL, respectively, which indicated the weaker effects of these extracts. In the disk diffusion method, the greatest mean diameter of inhibition zone was obtained for R. acetosella extracts (24.83 ± 0.29 and 21.83 ± 0.29 mm for hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts, respectively). Also, the lowest mean diameter was obtained for C. maxima extracts (10.33 ± 0.58 and 8 mm for hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts, respectively). Conclusions: This study showed the potent antibacterial effects of R. acetosella and C. maxima. They were even more potent than commonly used antibiotics. Therefore, the plants can be used as antimicrobial agents, as well as pharmaceutical supplements and alternative therapies.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts of Terminalia chebula and Piper nigrum against Streptococcus mutans: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 218-224
Author(s):  
Pavani Bellamkonda ◽  
Ramesh Kumar Koothati ◽  
Aamina Bee ◽  
Abhishree Desai ◽  
G. K. Aarthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Terminalia Chebula ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antimicrobial Potency

Objective: Dental caries is an infectious disease in which S. mutans plays a key role. Haphazard and irrational use of antibiotics leads to antibiotic resistance and fatal diarrhoeal diseases in children. Antimicrobial potency of Terminalia chebula and Piper nigrum extracts against several bacterial strains have been documented. The aims of this study were to assess and compare the antimicrobial activities of T. chebula and P. nigrum extracts against S. mutans with Ciprofloxacin as the positive control. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, S. mutans was isolated from plaque samples of people with active caries lesions.  Antimicrobial potency of both T. chebula and P.nigrum were tested using agar well diffusion method. Results: All the tested extracts showed antibacterial activity against S. mutans bacteria. Regarding the two tested herbs extracts, a higher antimicrobial activity was shown by the methanol extract of T. chebula with a mean diameter of inhibition zone was 26.75mm and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 25mg /ml concentration followed by acetonic extract. Conclusion: These findings confirm the Antimicrobial potency of T. chebula which can be used as an alternative antibiotic and/or in combination with allopathic antibiotics to prevent the antibiotic resistance.

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