scholarly journals Forage Performance and Detection of Marker Trait Associations with Potential for Napier Grass (Cenchrus purpureus) Improvement

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
Ermias Habte ◽  
Meki S. Muktar ◽  
Asebe Abdena ◽  
Jean Hanson ◽  
Alieu M. Sartie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Season ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Forage Crops

The evaluation of forage crops for adaptability and performance across production systems and environments is one of the main strategies used to improve forage production. To enhance the genetic resource base and identify traits responsible for increased feed potential of Napier grass, forty-five genotypes from Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Brazil, were evaluated for forage biomass yield and feed nutritional quality in a replicated trial under wet and dry season conditions in Ethiopia. The results revealed significant variation in forage yield and feed nutritional qualities among the genotypes and between the wet and dry seasons. Feed fiber components were lower in the dry season, while crude protein, in vitro organic matter digestibility, and metabolizable energy were higher. Based on the cumulative biomass and metabolizable energy yield, top performing genotypes were identified that are candidates for future forage improvement studies. Furthermore, the marker-trait association study identified diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and SilicoDArT markers and potential candidate genes that could differentiate high biomass yielding and high metabolizable energy genotypes in the collection.

scholarly journals Forage Performance and Detection of Marker Trait Associations with Potential for Napier Grass (Cenchrus Purpureus) Improvement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ermias Habte ◽  
Meki S. Muktar ◽  
Asebe Abdena ◽  
Jean Hanson ◽  
Alieu M. Sartie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Forage Crops

The evaluation of forage crops for adaptability and performance across production systems and environments is one of the main strategies used to improve forage production. To enhance the genetic resource base and identify traits responsible for increased feed potential of Napier grass, forty-five genotypes from EMBRAPA, Brazil, were evaluated for forage biomass yield and feed nutritional quality in a replicated trial under wet and dry season conditions in Ethiopia. The results revealed significant variation in forage yield and feed nutritional qualities among the genotypes and between the wet and dry seasons. Feed fibre components were lower in the dry season while crude protein, in vitro organic matter digestibility and metabolizable energy were higher. Based on the cumulative biomass yield and metabolizable energy yield, top performing genotypes were identified that are candidates for future forage improvement studies. Furthermore, the marker-trait association study identified diagnostic SNP and SilicoDArT markers and potential candidate genes that could differentiate high biomass yielding and high metabolizable energy genotypes in the collection.

scholarly journals A survey of dairy farmers' practices and attitudes towards some aspects of arable-land management in the Darling Downs and South Burnett regions of Queensland

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Chataway ◽  
V. J. Doogan ◽  
W. M. Strong
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Fertiliser Use

The Darling Downs and Southern Inland Burnett are important geographical subregions of the Queensland dairy industry. The system of dairy farming in these subregions is unique in Australia in that it is based on grazed annual forage crops rather than pastures. When these soils were first cultivated up to 110 years ago they were inherently fertile. However, erosion and fertility decline has reduced their productive capacity and there is a need for the adoption of farming practices that are less exploitative. In February 1997, a survey was conducted to determine dairy farmers' practices and attitudes toward management strategies that were being recommended to grain farmers in the subtropical cereal belt for sustaining the soil resource base. These strategies included greater use of ley pastures, opportunistic double-cropping, zero-till planting and higher fertiliser inputs. We found that dairy farmers were generally familiar with and understanding of the potential benefits of these approaches to their farming enterprises. However, farmers raised a number of issues that need consideration in the transfer of these practices to dairy forage production. These included concerns that an increased emphasis on pastures would result in lower and less-reliable forage production; that double-cropping is practiced more out of necessity than in the belief it is a better way to farm; that zero tillage may not be suitable on clay soils that have been trampled by cattle and that farmers rely primarily on their own observations of crop performance to determine fertiliser use. These findings have particular implications for research and extension activities conducted with dairy farmers and are also relevant to work conducted with other cropping enterprises that incorporate grazing animals in their farming program.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Stylosanthes scabra Accessions as Forage Source for Ruminants: Growth Performance, Nutritive Value and In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1939
Author(s):  
Thamsanqa Doctor Empire Mpanza ◽  
Abubeker Hassen ◽  
Abiodun Mayowa Akanmu
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Stylosanthes Scabra

Feed shortage is the main cause of poor production performance in livestock under smallholder farmer’s in South Africa. Therefore, this study evaluated the growth performance, nutritive value and in vitro ruminal fermentation of Stylosanthes scabra accessions in climatic condition of Pretoria, South Africa as potential forage sources in order to improve feed quality and subsequently livestock production. Stylosanthes scabra accessions were planted in 6 m2 plots following a complete randomized block design with three replicates per accession. The plants were allowed to grow to full maturity after which forage was harvested and yield, chemical composition, phenolic compounds, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristic were determined. Forage yield of accessions ranged between 4.3 to 5.3 t ha−1 in dry matter (DM), and only twelve accessions were identified to be adaptable over the three-year evaluation under rain-fed. Accessions 140, 9281, 11,252, 11,595, 11,604 and 11,625 were consistent in terms of forage yield over the three years. Significant differences among accessions were observed for crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), IVOMD, metabolizable energy, metabolizable energy yield, gas production, total phenols, total hydrolysable tannins and total condensed tannins. Principal component and clustering analysis showed that accessions 11,255 and 11,625 are distinct in their characteristics as compared to the rest of the accessions, and both accessions are suitable forage source for animals since they contain low NDF with good forage production and crude protein content. However, there is a need for further study to integrate these accessions into the feeding systems in order to improve livestock production.

scholarly journals Forage Potential of Cultivated Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Gorbet ◽  
R. L. Stanley ◽  
D. A. Knauft
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Forage Yields

Abstract Livestock production enterprises in the southern USA depend primarily on forage for feed. With the development of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) lines with good late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton) resistance in the Florida breeding program, studies were initiated in 1983 at Marianna to evaluate their forage potential. Peanut breeding lines were grown without fungicide applications for leaf spot control and cuttings were made to evaluate forage production. Two forage cuttings were compared to a single cutting or harvest for each genotype. Pod yields were taken at the end of each season. Some lines produced dry matter forage yields exceeding 9000 kg ha-1 with two cuttings, with some single harvest yields exceeding 7000 kg ha-1. Significant differences were observed among genotypes, years, and forage harvest treatments. Two cuttings always produced the greatest forage yield but reduced pod yields as much as 50% for some entries. Some genotypes produced pod yields of 4000 kg ha-1 with the single forage harvest. Crude protein values for the forage were generally higher for two cuttings (14.0 − 19.6%), as compared to the single cutting or harvest (12.5 − 15.1%). In vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) ranged from 59.6 − 72% for forage samples. These protein and digestibility values compare favorably to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and perennial rhizoma peanut cultivars of A. glabrata Benth.

scholarly journals Intercropping winter cereals in Kura clover for spring forage production

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 740-750
Author(s):  
Maciej J. Kazula ◽  
Jadwiga Andrzejewska ◽  
Shawn P. Conley ◽  
Kenneth A. Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Fiber Concentration ◽  
Kura Clover ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Boot Stage

Intercropping winter cereals into Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.) has the potential to improve forage nutritive value without reducing yields. The objective of this research was to compare forage yield and nutritive value of cereal–legume mixtures to cereals or Kura clover grown in monoculture and harvested at two different maturity stages in spring. Winter rye (Secale cereale L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and winter triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) were sown in autumn at two locations as monocultures and into herbicide suppressed and non-suppressed Kura clover and harvested for forage the following spring. Harvested at the cereal crop boot stage at Arlington, forage yields averaged 4.7, 4.8, 5.3, and 1.7 Mg ha−1 and 3.5, 3.7, 4.1, and 2.6 Mg ha−1 at Lancaster for mixtures with non-suppressed Kura clover, suppressed Kura clover, monoculture cereals, and monoculture clover, respectively. At the milk stage, yields across all mixture treatments increased by 46% to 115% compared to the boot stage at Arlington and by 88% to 101% at Lancaster. Kura clover in mixtures increased crude protein by 34% to 46% and in vitro true digestibility by 3% to 6%, neutral detergent fiber digestibility by 0% to 6%, and reduced neutral detergent fiber concentration by 8% to 18% relative to cereal monocultures. The nutritive value of mixtures and monoculture Kura clover was always greater than that of monoculture cereals. Winter cereals can be successfully managed with Kura clover for forage production by maximizing nutritive value with boot stage harvests or achieving higher yields by harvesting at the milk stage.

AN EVALUATION OF 15 GRASS SPECIES AS FORAGE CROPS FOR SOUTHWESTERN SASKATCHEWAN

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lawrence ◽  
J. E. Troelsen
Keyword(s):  
Cold Climate ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Cellulose Digestibility ◽  
Elymus Species

Fifteen grass species were evaluated for dry-matter yield, protein content, in vitro digestibility of cellulose, and winterhardiness. Of these species only Agropyron cristatum and Elymus junceus are used extensively as cultivated forage crops in the prairie area. E. excelsus, E. giganteus, E. sibiricus, and E. striatus appeared to possess fairly high forage-yielding potential as they produced nearly as much as A. cristatum in the first crop year. E. sabulosus and Stipa tenacissima lacked drought tolerance but may give satisfactory yields in moist areas. The other species yielded less forage, generally in the range of production typified by E. junceus. The cellulose digestibility of E. angustus was similar to that of E. akmolinensis and E. junceus. However, E. angustus contained less crude protein than these two species. S. viridula exhibited qualities between those of A. cristatum and E. junceus, and since its yielding capacity and drought resistance were quite good, this species should be reasonably useful for forage production. Of the 12 Elymus species, E. angustus showed the best possibilities of becoming a useful forage crop on dry land for late fall and winter grazing. After the severe drought of 1961, E. arenarius, E. excelsus, E. giganteus, E. sibiricus, E. striatus, and E. virginicus killed out completely and should therefore be considered of doubtful usefulness as cultivated forage crops in a semi-arid, cold climate despite other attributes they may possess.

scholarly journals Preparation and nutritional evaluation of wastelage using poultry droppings and napier grass

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
MSJ Panna ◽  
SMA Islam ◽  
AKMA Kabir ◽  
MRI Khan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility ◽  
Poultry Droppings

An experiment was conducted with Napier grass (NG) treated with Poultry droppings (PD) and rice straw and ensiled with molasses to increase the nutritional and preservation quality of Napier grass. Chopped Napier grass was preserved in plastic containers under airtight condition at room temperature based on the treatments T0 (0% PD), T1 (15% PD), T2 (30% PD) and T3 (45% PD) with 5% molasses and 20% rice straw as fresh basis in each treatment to investigate physical quality, chemical composition, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and metabolizable energy (ME) content at 0, 30, 45, 60 and 75 days. The physical quality (color, smell, and hardness) of Napier grass mixer were improved in Poultry droppings added treatments till 75 days of ensiling. The pH value was decreased (P<0.05) with the increasing of PD and ensiling time. The dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and ash were increased (P<0.05) and crude fiber (CF) was decreased (P<0.05) in all the treatments (T1, T2 and T3) compared to control one T0. The CP, DM and ash were increased (P<0.05) and CF and EE were decreased (P<0.05) after ensiling. The EE content was not signified (P>0.05) between T1 and T2. The CF content was decreased (P<0.05) with the increase of Poultry droppings and ensiling time. The organic matter digestibility (OMD) and metabolizable energy (ME) content were increased (P<0.05) with the PD level and ensiling time. Considering all the physical and chemical properties, among all the treatments, 30% and 45% PD are acceptable for preparing wastelage. Thus cost effective and environment friendly feed can be prepared. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2019. 48 (1): 48-56

Potensi Covercrop Kebun Sawit Sebagai Sumber Pakan Hijauan Ternak Ruminansia Pada Musim Kemarau di Pelalawan, Riau

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruslan A. Gopar ◽  
S. Martono ◽  
Muhamad N. Rofiq ◽  
Windu N.
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Line Intercept

The objective of this experiment was to obtain forage/ cover crops productivity and carrying capacity for ruminant animals in Pelalawan Regency, Riau in the dry season. Data were collected from civil palm oil plantations at the aged 7, 10 and 14 years in the end of dry season with a destructive sampling method. Sampling used line intercept method which every hectare were picked 10 points by using a pair of 1 m2 sized quadrant. The result showed that the number of vegetations/ cover crops in oil palm plantations aged 7, 10 and 14 years was 42 types.The proportion of forage which consist grass, legume and ferns was diverse at each age of oil palm plantations. Forage production under oil palm plantations aged 7, 10 and 14 years were 2,571 kg/ha, 1479.76 kg/ha and 1417.22 kg/ha as fed and amounted to 811.41 kg/ ha, 471, 15 kg/ ha and 456.91 kg/ ha in the dry matter production. Average carrying capacities of oil palm plantations aged 7, 10 and 14 years was 0.36 Animal units (AU)/ha/year, 0.21 AU/ha/year and 0.20 AU/ ha/year.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi jumlah covercrop dan kapasitas tampungnya di kebun sawit sebagai sumber pakan hijauan ruminansia pada musim kemarau di kabupaten Pelalawan, Riau. Pengambilan data dilakukan di perkebunan kelapa sawit yang berumur 7, 10 dan 14 tahun milik rakyat pada akhir musim kemarau. Pengambilan sampel dengan destructive sampling method menggunakan metode garis berpetak memakai kuadran berukuran 1m2 dengan jumlah sampel tiap area sebanyak 10 titik. Berdasar hasil pengukuran diperoleh hasil jumlah vegetasi/ covercrop yang ada di kebun sawit berumur 7, 10 dan 14 tahun sebanyak 42 jenis yang bervariasi tiap umur tanaman sawit. Proporsi hijauan yang ada meliputi jenis rumput, legume dan paku-pakuan bervariasi pada tiap umur kebun sawit. Produksi hijauan yang ada di bawah kebun sawit berumur 7, 10 dan 14 tahun berturut-turut 2.571 kg/ha, 1.479,76 kg/ha dan 1.417,22 kg/ha dalam bentuk segar serta sebesar 811,41 kg/ha, 471,15 kg/ha dan 456,91 kg/ha dalam bahan kering. Kapasitas tampung dari kebun sawit berumur 7, 10 dan 14 tahun adalah 0,36 satuan ternak (ST)/ha, 0,21 ST/ha dan 0,20 ST/ha.Keywords: cover crops, oil palm plantation, forage, ruminant, dry season, Pelalawan

scholarly journals Synthesis and Evaluation of the Antitumor Activity of Novel 1-(4-Substituted phenyl)-2-ethyl Imidazole Apoptosis Inducers In Vitro

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 4293
Author(s):  
Zhen-Wang Li ◽  
Chun-Yan Zhong ◽  
Xiao-Ran Wang ◽  
Shi-Nian Li ◽  
Chun-Yuan Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Antiproliferative Activity ◽  
Antitumor Agent ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Selectivity Index ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Dependent Manner

Novel imidazole derivatives were designed, prepared, and evaluated in vitro for antitumor activity. The majority of the tested derivatives showed improved antiproliferative activity compared to the positive control drugs 5-FU and MTX. Among them, compound 4f exhibited outstanding antiproliferative activity against three cancer cell lines and was considerably more potent than both 5-FU and MTX. In particular, the selectivity index indicated that the tolerance of normal L-02 cells to 4f was 23–46-fold higher than that of tumor cells. This selectivity was significantly higher than that exhibited by the positive control drugs. Furthermore, compound 4f induced cell apoptosis by increasing the protein expression levels of Bax and decreasing those of Bcl-2 in a time-dependent manner. Therefore, 4f could be a potential candidate for the development of a novel antitumor agent.

Effects of Weed Control in Established Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) on Forage Yield and Quality

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis R. Cosgrove ◽  
Michael Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Forage Yields

The effects of weed control measures in established alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) on forage yield and quality were investigated at three sites with varying alfalfa densities and weed populations. Herbicide treatments were 0.56 and 1.12 kg/ha metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] applied in fall or spring, respectively, 1.68 kg/ha pronamide [3,5-dichloro (N-1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide] applied in fall, and combinations of these treatments. First-harvest forage yields (weeds plus alfalfa) were either reduced or unchanged by herbicide treatments. Total forage yield was not altered by the herbicide treatments, but first-harvest and total alfalfa yield as well as first-harvest forage protein content were increased by several treatments, depending on stand density and weed pressure. Little effect was observed on in vitro digestible dry matter or acid detergent fiber content.

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