scholarly journals Five-Year Field Trial of Eight Camelina sativa Cultivars for Biomass to be Used in Biofuel under Irrigated Conditions in a Semi-Arid Climate

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Lohaus ◽  
Dhurba Neupane ◽  
Mitiku A. Mengistu ◽  
Juan K.Q. Solomon ◽  
John C. Cushman
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Northern Nevada ◽  
Production Values ◽  
Semi Arid

Camelina sativa is a promising oilseed crop used for dietary oil and as a biofuel feedstock. C. sativa is a highly adaptable, cool season crop that can be grown on marginal lands with minimal inputs, making it potentially suitable for growth in Northern Nevada and other cooler and drier semi-arid regions of North America. A five-year (2011 to 2015) field trial was conducted to evaluate the seed yield, oil content, and oil and biodiesel production potential of eight C. sativa cultivars in semi-arid regions of Northern Nevada. Columbia, Cheyenne, Calena, and Blaine Creek were ranked as the top four varieties based on the five-year study of mean seed yield, oil content, and estimated oil and biodiesel production values, although none of the cultivars were significant (p > 0.05). Overall, Columbia displayed the highest seed yield, harvest index, oil yield and potential biodiesel production of 910 kg ha−1, 0.147, 273.4 kg ha−1, and 86.4 L ha−1, respectively, across five growing seasons. For each individual year across the eight cultivars, seed yield, oil content, oil and potential biodiesel production was highest in 2015, and lowest in 2012 and 2013 (the drier years). The seed yields of this study fall within the ranges of yields reported in both the irrigated and rainfed locations of the Western United States. Based on the seed yield, oil, and the estimated oil and biodiesel productivity reported in this study, C. sativa can be grown successfully with supplemental irrigation in semi-arid environments like Nevada.

The effect of cultivar and applied nitrogen on the performance of Camelina sativa L. in the Maritime Provinces of Canada

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Urbaniak ◽  
C. D. Caldwell ◽  
V. D. Zheljazkov ◽  
R. Lada ◽  
L. Luan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
N Application ◽  
Total N

Worldwide, oilseed demand is steadily expanding. This study assessed the novel oilseed crop Camelina sativa L. in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. Evaluations of cultivar and applied N were performed at Truro, NS, Harrington, PEI, and Hartland, NB, in 2005 and 2006. The results show that the selection of cultivar is an important determinant for the potential success or failure of C. sativa production. Differences in plant stand, plant height, seed yield, oil content and fatty acid profile were found among the cultivars. The cultivar Calena provided the most consistent performance in terms of plant establishment, yield and oil content across all year-sites. Plant height, seed yield, oil content, total plant N and seed protein all responded to applied N rate. Applied N increased the seed yield of C. sativa, but the increase was not significant when the application rates were over 60 kg N ha-1 in NS or 80 kg N ha-1 in PEI. Plant height, total N content in plant tissue and seed protein content increased with increased N application, while oil content decreased. With the exception of erucic acid, all the main fatty acids in C. sativa oil responded to applied N levels or the interaction of N levels and year. Regression analysis showed that the contents of oleic acid and eicosenoic acid decreased with increased N application. The response of linolenic acid to N application was not consistent at each year-site. Results of this study provide convincing evidence of the agronomic suitability of C. sativa to the Maritime Provinces of Canada. Key words: Camelina sativa, cultivar, nitrogen, yield, seed quality

scholarly journals Differential physio-biochemical and yield responses of Camelina sativa L. under varying irrigation water regimes in semi-arid climatic conditions

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0242441
Author(s):  
Zeeshan Ahmed ◽  
Junhe Liu ◽  
Ejaz Ahmad Waraich ◽  
Yan Yan ◽  
Zhiming Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Biochemical Activity ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Semi Arid

Camelina sativa L. is an oilseed crop with wide nutritional and industrial applications. Because of favorable agronomic characteristics of C. sativa in a water-limiting environment interest in its production has increased worldwide. In this study the effect of different irrigation regimes (I0 = three irrigations, I1 = two irrigations, I2 = one irrigation and I3 = one irrigation) on physio-biochemical responses and seed yield attributes of two C. sativa genotypes was explored under semi-arid conditions. Results indicated that maximum physio-biochemical activity, seed yield and oil contents appeared in genotype 7126 with three irrigations (I0). In contrast water deficit stress created by withholding irrigation (I1, I2 and I3) at different growth stages significantly reduced the physio-biochemical activity as well as yield responses in both C. sativa genotypes. Nonetheless the highest reduction in physio-biochemical and yield attributes were observed in genotype 8046 when irrigation was skipped at vegetative and flowering stages of crop (I3). In genotypic comparison, C. sativa genotype 7126 performed better than 8046 under all I1, I2 and I3 irrigation treatments. Because 7126 exhibited better maintenance of tissue water content, leaf gas exchange traits and chlorophyll pigment production, resulting in better seed yield and oil production. Findings of this study suggest that to achieve maximum yield potential in camelina three irrigations are needed under semi-arid conditions, however application of two irrigations one at flowering and second at silique development stage can ensure an economic seed yield and oil contents. Furthermore, genotype 7126 should be adopted for cultivation under water limited arid and semi-arid regions due to its better adaptability.

Breeding sunflower for semi-arid regions

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Ghanavati ◽  
E. Nahavandi ◽  
A. Ghaderi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Semi Arid

SUMMARYA breeding programme was initiated to develop populations of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), suitable for the semi-arid regions of Iran. Crosses were made between Chernianka 66 (having low yield, low oil content, short stem, and early maturity), as the female parent and VNIMK 8931 and Record (having high yield, high oil content, long stem, and late maturity) as the male parents. Selection, together with selfing and sib-crossing, resulted in six populations with high yields, high oil content, short stems, and early maturity.Correlation coefficients of oil yield and its components, i.e. seed yield and oil content, were highly significant and significant respectively. Capitulum diameter had highly significant correlations with seed yield and oil yield. Earlier maturity was associated with shorter stems and lower oil content.

scholarly journals Crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst): A Non-Food Oilseed Crop with Great Potential: A Review

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dulan Samarappuli ◽  
Federica Zanetti ◽  
Sara Berzuini ◽  
Marisol T. Berti
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Crambe Abyssinica

Crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst) is an oilseed crop in the Brassicaceae family. Crambe’s ability to survive in diverse environmental conditions, its unique oil composition, the high oil content, suitability for the production of slip agents for plasticizers, the capacity to be easily included in common crop rotations, and its adaptability to equipment used for small grain cultivation has renewed the interest in this emerging crop. Crambe is considered one of the main sources of erucic acid, which can be up to 60% of its seed oil content. Erucic acid (C22:1) is a fatty acid with industrial importance since it is used to produce erucamide, key ingredient in the plastic industry. Inclusion of crambe into crop rotations can be beneficial because of its short life cycle, low fertility requirements, resistance to pest and diseases, and relative drought tolerance. Currently high erucic acid rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) (HEAR) is the principal source for erucic acid. However, the risk of contaminating food quality rapeseed (i.e., canola) by cross-pollination and the negative impact on climate, due to high inputs, are potential limitations to expand HEAR cultivation. Crambe has thus great potential to, at least, partially replace HEAR as a source of erucic acid, if the current knowledge-gap in agronomic management and crop improvement (seed yield and quality) can be addressed. Seed yield needs to be increased to be able to compete with HEAR. In addition, reducing glucosinolates and fiber in crambe meal may increase its inclusion in monogastrics rations. The objective of this review was to compile and summarize new and existing information on agricultural practices in crambe production and management to identify gaps in knowledge and areas for future research to increase the cultivation of crambe.

scholarly journals Influence of ecological variation across Pistacia altantica on fruit oil content

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayzid Yousefi
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Small Variation ◽  
Soil Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Fruit Oil ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract In the western and central parts of Iran, there are more than eight million female trees of Pistacia atlantica Desf. with approximately 20,000 tons of fruit oil production ability. In order to evaluate the influence of select ecological characteristics, fruit samples of seven P. atlantica habitats in Kurdistan (Iran) were collected in late October over two years (2013-14). Fruit oil was extracted using soxhlet extraction. The results showed a relatively small variation in oil content in fruit across plants of P. atlantica. The fruit oil content ranged from 25.4% to 28.4%, with a mean of 27.3%. Most habitats belonged to temperate and semi-arid regions, with higher longitude and altitude but less latitude and slope, higher soil electrical conductivity, total neutralizing value, organic carbon and clay, medium yearly rainfall, evaporation and sunny hours and also trees with medium ages such as Borban and Kashtar producing higher fruit oil yield than those that belonged to cool and semi-humid regions. Cluster analysis classified habitats into four distinct groups at 50% similarity; four habitats belonging to forest areas were located in the first, Borban and Kashtar in the second and third and Abdolmomen, with the coldest climate and the oldest trees, was in the fourth group. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that habitats with low fruit oil showed extreme values of PC1 and PC2 but ones with high fruit oil were located mainly in the central zones of the bi plot, which suggest that habitats with medium ecological conditions produce higher fruit oil.

Estimation of repeatability and phenotypic correlations in Eragrostis curvula

2000 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. DI RENZO ◽  
M. A. IBAÑEZ ◽  
N. C. BONAMICO ◽  
M. M. POVERENE
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Eragrostis Curvula ◽  
Production Values ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Semi Arid

Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees s. lat., a highly polymorphic polyploid complex, can be considered as one of the most important warm season perennial grasses for the semi-arid regions of central Argentina. In apomictically propagated and perennial plants such as weeping lovegrass, where successive measurements can be done across time, repeatability estimates provide an indication of the degree of influence of permanent effects on the phenotypic variation and allow prediction of future performance from past records. Analysis of variance of the experiment showed highly significant variation (P < 0·01) for the main factors in all four traits. Although there was very high variability between cuts, hybrids of E. curvula exhibited considerable inter-entry variability, in particular for those traits determining forage yield. Repeatability calculated in this experiment was highest for the crown diameter (0·86), leaf length (0·84) and dry matter (0·84), while in panicle number (0·66) it was lowest. Repeatability estimates for the vegetative characteristics indicate small effects of temporal environment. The four traits studied, including panicle number with their moderate repeatability, do not require an essentially different number of observations to obtain measures at the same level of accuracy. For vegetative characters two harvests provided 98% of the accuracy of the total obtained with four cuts, and for panicle number the same percentage was obtained for three harvests. This stability of performance is a desirable characteristic for grass cultivars. Patterns of trait associations were also described. Because leaf length is closely associated with dry matter and has high repeatability, to use leaf length as an indirect evaluation criterion should be almost as efficient as direct evaluation for aerial biomass yield. Reliable estimates of parameters such as repeatability and phenotypic correlation are needed for prediction of production values and for the design of efficient improvement programmes. For genotype evaluation additional research is required to quantify the extent of genotype × environment interaction across years and localities of semi-arid regions.

scholarly journals Effects of Genotype, Direct Sowing and Plant Spacing on Field Performance of Jatropha curcas L.

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 465
Author(s):  
Zafitsara Tantely Andrianirina ◽  
Matthias Martin ◽  
Euloge Dongmeza ◽  
Elisa Senger
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Direct Sowing

The tropical multiuse tree Jatropha curcas L. (jatropha) is highly promoted as oilseed crop for biodiesel production and for climate change mitigation, but cultivation practices require further research. The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of varying plant spacings (2.0 m × 4 m compared to 1.5 m × 4 m), crop establishment methods (raising plantlets in a nursery prior to planting to the field compared to direct sowing) and genotypes on seed yield, seed quality and plant height, recorded at a dry-subhumid location in Madagascar (Ihosy) and at a humid location in Cameroon (Batchenga). Averaged across treatment variants and genotypes, seed yield and seed oil content were higher at the dry-subhumid site and in particular the narrower spacing reached higher seed yields per unit area than the wider spacing. At the humid site, plant growth was characterized by strong accumulation of biomass. The establishment method tested at the dry-subhumid site showed no significant differences in the recorded parameters. Our results encourage to re-think common practices in jatropha cultivation and underpin the importance of the correct choice of location, genotype and agronomic practices considering the interactions between all factors.

scholarly journals Genetic Improvement of Jatropha for Biodiesel Production

Ceiba ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Galvêas Laviola ◽  
Rodrigo Barros Rocha ◽  
Adilson Kenji Kobayashi ◽  
Tatiana Barbosa Rosado ◽  
Leonardo Lopes Bhering
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Phorbol Esters ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Oilseed Crop

Jatropha curcas L. is a perennial oilseed crop belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family, whose oil content in seeds varies from 33 to 38%, giving a yield potential of over 1200 kg of oil per hectare. However, it is a non-domesticated species and research is required for commercial exploration of this species for biodiesel production. The strategies of Embrapa’s jatropha breeding program aim at developing cultivars with high yield and oil content, non-toxic (absence of phorbol esters), resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses and adapted to the main producing regions of Brazil. The program activities started with the enrichment and characterization of the germplasm bank, currently with over 200 accessions from different regions of Brazil. Depending on the specific objectives of the program, different selection and breeding methods are employed. In order to understand the genetic control of specific traits and to generate segregating populations, experimental designs such as diallel crosses, which allow the estimation of heterosis, general combining ability and specific combining ability among genotypes, have been adopted. In addition, molecular markers such as SSR and SNPs are being developed and may help in early selection for characters such as the absence of toxicity in the grains. The program also includes the study on genotype × environment interaction with the evaluation of the progenies/improved clones in different regions of Brazil, which is essential for recommending cultivars for specific or broad climatic conditions. In conclusion, considering that J. curcas is a perennial species and still not domesticated, approximately 5-7 years will be required to obtain improved cultivars and evidence-based information on crop production systems to support commercial cultivation.

scholarly journals Influence of cut-off irrigation on seed quality and physiological indices of various safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed Mohammad Taghi Tabib Loghmani ◽  
Forood Bazrafshan ◽  
Omid Alizadeh ◽  
Bahram Amiri ◽  
Abdollah Bahrani
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Fars Province

Safflower (<em>Carthamus tinctorius</em> L.) is an oilseed crop adapted to arid and semiarid regions. In this study, an experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of water deficiency on plant height, 1,000-grain weight, seed yield, harvest index, relative water content (RWC), oil yield, and oil content in 15 safflower genotypes. A split-plot randomized complete blocks design was arranged with three replications. Safflower plants were grown under normal irrigation and water deficit conditions in Sarvestan, Fars Province, Iran during 2016 and 2017 growing seasons. Combined analysis results indicated that water deficit stress had negative effects on all measured indices. Average seed yield declined by 65.91% (2,337.91 to 796.79 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>) due to water deficit stress. Genotype also had a significant effect on evaluated indices, and the interaction between genotype and irrigation significantly influenced all indices except plant height. Under both conditions, highest RWC, seed yield, and oil yield were observed in Dincer and PI-537598 genotypes. Maximum plant height and 1,000-seed weight in both irrigation conditions were observed in the Dincer genotype. In the normal irrigation condition, maximum harvest index and oil content were observed in the CW-74 genotype. Thus, Dincer and PI-537598 were classified as the best genotypes (based on seed yield, RWC, and oil yield) under both normal irrigation and water deficit stress conditions.

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