scholarly journals Physiological and Agronomic Responses of Processing Tomatoes to Deficit Irrigation at Critical Stages in a Semi-Arid Environment

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 800
Author(s):  
Cristina Patanè ◽  
Sebastiano Andrea Corinzia ◽  
Giorgio Testa ◽  
Danilo Scordia ◽  
Salvatore Luciano Cosentino
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Leaf Transpiration ◽  
Processing Tomatoes

Deficit irrigation is a valid alternative to conventional irrigation to save water while maintaining high productivity in tomatoes. However, crop sensitivity to water stress due to deficit irrigation may change with the growth stage. To assess the physiological and agronomic responses of processing tomatoes to deficit irrigation applied at critical stages, a field experiment was conducted in a coastal site of Southern Italy, where seven irrigation treatments differing for daily evapotranspiration (ETc) restored (100%—full or 50%—deficit) and the time of watering (long-season or limited to the vegetative period or to flowering) were applied to processing tomatoes cv. Hypeel F1. Plants continuously irrigated and those irrigated only at flowering maintained higher rates of leaf transpiration (E) and stomatal conductance (gs) over those irrigated only during the vegetative period. Fruit yield was the greatest under long-season full irrigation (51 t ha−1). Severe soil water deficit during flowering, more than during the vegetative period, adversely affected crop productivity. Irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) was maximized under long-season deficit irrigation (>19 kg m−3) or deficit irrigation during flowering (>16 kg m−3). E and gs measured at early or mid-flowering may be adopted as valuable indicators to predict crop productivity; however, they may be altered under high vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Predawn water potential, being little affected by VPD, is a more reliable parameter than leaf transpiration and stomatal conductance under these climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the adaptive ability and stability of the Siberian bean vegetable gene pool

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
O. E. Yakubenko ◽  
O. V. Parkina ◽  
K. I. Popova ◽  
D. A. Kolupaev
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Siberian Region ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Actual Direction ◽  
Adaptive Ability

Relevance. The evaluation of adaptive ability of varieties is an actual direction in selection. Phenotypic plasticity of legume crops, in particular green bean, in Siberian region has not been studied enough. There is a need to evaluate grade samples for adaptability and stability, as highly and medium adaptive varieties can realize their genetic potential of productivity in extreme continental climate of Western Siberia.Materials and methods. On the basis Department of Selection, Genetics and Forestry, Novosibirsk State Agrarian University (2015-2019), long-term evaluation of grade samples of green bean of different ecological and geographical origin with a bush type of growth was carried out. Of particular interest are signs that have a significant impact on crop productivity. The signs were studied: number of beans on plant, weight of beans from plant, weight of one bean, yield capacity. The objective of the study is to evaluate the adaptive ability and stability of common bean varieties in the conditions of Siberian region.Results. The conditions of Western Siberia are suitable for cultivating vegetable beans on a green spatula and seeds. It has been established that, based on the weight of one bean, the coefficient of variation has a negative value. This indicates a low variability of the trait depending on the natural and climatic conditions, which allows selection of breeding valuable varieties for this parameter. As a result of the study, 6 genotypes of the crop, combining high productivity and environmental resistance, were selected. It was established that varieties Veronika and Darina can be referred to non-plastic samples. Samples could diversify breeding material of the crop and show the value according to specific features in edaphic-climatic conditions of Western Siberia.

scholarly journals New early maturing soybean cultivar Zaryanitsa for conditions of Siberia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (183) ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
L.V. Omelyanyuk ◽  
◽  
A.M. Asanov ◽  
O.A. Yusova ◽  
A.A. Churakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Russian Federation Patent ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soybean Cultivar ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
State Register ◽  
Early Maturing

The use of new, early maturing cultivars with high productivity potential, and availability of effective herbicides have created real preconditions for the widespread introduction of soybean in the Western and Eastern Siberia. Modern cultivars should be characterized by: high and stable yields over the years in certain soil and climatic conditions of cultivation; suitability for complex mechanization of cultivation and high quality of products. Objective of the research was to evaluate a new soybean cultivar Zaryanitsa by yield and quality potential. The cultivar is included into the State Register of the Russian Federation (Patent No 9532) in 2018 in the Eastern Siberian region (11), is recommended for production in the Krasnoyarsk region. The studies we carried out in a nursery of competitive trial of the laboratory of leguminous crops breeding of the Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center from 2011 to 2019. The cultivar Zaryanitsa is early maturing (duration of the vegetative period is about 102 days), is characterized with slow growth at initial phases of development and simultaneous maturing, does not lodge and shatter, the location of the lower pods is high. These qualities make it possible to cultivate it in the harsh climatic conditions of Siberia and annually receive conditioned seeds with minimal losses during harvesting. The yield of the cultivar Zaryanitsa was noted at the standard level of the cultivar Sibirhachka (2.38 t per ha), the oil content in seeds was increased (+1.93% to st.) in average over the research period (nine years). The cultivar is characterized as stable ( < 1) of intensive type (bi > 1). In the Omsk Agrarian Research Center the cultivar Zaryanitsa is included into a scheme of crosses as a source of early maturity, stable yield, increased oil content in seeds.

scholarly journals The results of studying of biologized technology of safflower cultivation in the Western Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
B.N. Nasiev ◽  
◽  
А.S. Bushnev ◽  
А.М. Zhylkybay ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Western Kazakhstan ◽  
Joint Application

Safflower production is actual in climatic conditions of the Western Kazakhstan, which is characterized with high heat supply and long vegetative period. In recent years, safflower crops in the Western Kazakhstan region did not exceed 29,000 ha and seed yield was quite low – 0.3–0.5 t per ha. Studying of biologized technologies of safflower cultivation is very important for crop productivity increase and sowing areas expanse. Next to the introduction of the highly productive varieties, perfection of agricultural techniques, especially application of biologic preparations, is a significant reserve of safflower yield increase in a system of organic farming. The purpose of the research was to study and estimate biologized technology of safflower cultivation in the Western Kazakhstan to supply producers with qualitative oil materials in a system of diversified plant growing. The researches were conducted in 2019–2020; we studied features of crop growth, development, productivity and seed quality when cultivating safflower with biologized technology in conditions of the first dry steppe zone of the Western Kazakhstan region. Due to results of comparative studying, seed yield and oil content in seeds of safflower were higher: 0.764 t per ha and 30.0%, respectively, when using biologized technology. The highest oil yield (0.229 t per ha) was received at joint application of a biopreparation Biodux, a biofungicide Orgamica S and a biofertilizers Organit N, Organit P (biologized technology) for seed disinfection and plants treatment during safflower vegetation, that was by 0.057 t per ha, or by 33.1%, higher than at traditional cultivation technology.

scholarly journals Determination of Crop Productivity Based on Climate Change using Geographic Information Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 10204-10204
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
Damage Area ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Production Values

This study is aimed at designing an algorithm to analyze the effects of climate on crops. Two different crops named sorghum and sesame were selected as a case study in Doka area in Sudan because this area receives good amount of rain suitable for the production of the selected crops, so GIS technology was used to determine the vegetation map of the study area. The idea applied was to select a sample of data for a period of ten years and determine the productivity of the crop in this period and then the production values of these years were arranged from the highest value of productivity to the lowest value and then determined the highest value of productivity in these years and note to the values of the climate effects (the best climatic conditions led to high productivity) which led to predicate and determine the crop productivity based on climate affected values, cultivated area (CA) ,Harvested Area (HA) , Damage Area (DA) and the area affected by Evapotranspiration Negatively (AEVN), so the results which have been accessed are that the algorithm can calculate crop yield with high accuracy because it depends on all climatic elements that affect crop growth, so all meteorological organizations in the world can use this algorithm principle to assess crop yields and Accurate assessment of production.

Evaluating deficit irrigation scheduling strategies to improve yield and water productivity of maize in arid environment using simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 106812
Author(s):  
Ahmed Attia ◽  
Salah El-Hendawy ◽  
Nasser Al-Suhaibani ◽  
Majed Alotaibi ◽  
Muhammad Usman Tahir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Scheduling Strategies

scholarly journals ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF TABLE GRAPEVINE VARIETIES’ CULTIVATION

Russian vine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
N.A Tikhomirova ◽  
◽  
M.R. Beibulatov ◽  
N.A. Urdenko ◽  
R.A. Buival ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Important Condition ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Care Technology ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Intensive Development

The economic efficiency of the cultivation of grapes as a branch of agriculture depends on the adaptation of grape varieties to the soil and climatic conditions of the place of growth. When developing new agricultural practices and technological solutions for the cultivation of grapes, it is necessary to assess the econom-ic efficiency of the proposed innovative ap-proaches. The cultivation of such grape varie-ties is becoming important and relevant, which, with high productivity and the use of differen-tiated care technology, require minimal costs when servicing the bushes and harvesting. In-creasing labor productivity in the viticulture industry is the most important condition for the intensive development of production. One of these conditions today is the formation of a bush according to the technology element, the shape of a bush AZOS-1, which allows to re-duce the cost of care and harvesting of grapes. The conducted research on the technology of cultivation of table grape varieties in connec-tion with the use of a new form of bush made it possible to economically substantiate the economic efficiency of growing grapes.

scholarly journals Physiological responses of beet plants irrigated with saline water and silicon application

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. E3113
Author(s):  
José Sebastião de Melo Filho ◽  
Toshik Iarley da Silva ◽  
Anderson Carlos de Melo Gonçalves ◽  
Leonardo Vieira de Sousa ◽  
Mario Leno Martins Véras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Carbon Concentration ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Although not considered an essential element, silicon can be used to increase crop productivity, especially under stress conditions. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the gas exchange of beet plants irrigated with saline water depending on the application of silicon. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, in a 5 x 5 factorial, referring to five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (ECw): (0.5; 1.3; 3.25; 5.2 and 6.0 dS m-1) and five doses of silicon (0.00; 2.64; 9.08; 15.52 and 18.16 mL L-1), with six beet plants as an experimental unit. The effect of treatments on beet culture was evaluated at 30 and 60 days after irrigation with saline water from measurements of internal carbon concentration, stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis rate, instantaneous water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency using the LCpro+Sistem infrared gas analyzer (IRGA). Irrigation with saline water reduced the gas exchange of beet plants at 60 days after irrigation, but at 30 days after irrigation, the use of saline water increased stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and internal carbon concentration. The application of silicon decreased stomatal conductance, internal carbon concentration and efficiency in the use of water, but increased the rate of net photosynthesis, the rate of transpiration and instantaneous efficiency of carboxylation at 30 and 60 days after irrigation.

scholarly journals Alleviating the adverse effects of deficit irrigation in Flame seedless grapevine via Paulsen interstock

2022 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ahmed Fayek ◽  
Ahmed Abdelhady Rashedy ◽  
Amr Ebrahim Mohamed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Diffusion Resistance ◽  
Phloem Tissue ◽  
Vitis Rupestris ◽  
Leaf Transpiration ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Irrigation Condition ◽  
Growth Vigor

Abstract Using interstock with a potential genetic base is considered more recent and sustainable strategy for mitigating the water deficit. This investigation was carried out on transplant of Flame seedless (Vitis vinifera) grapevine grafted onto two rootstocks namely; Freedom (Vitis champinii x 1613C) and 1103Paulsen (vitis berlandieri x Vitis rupestris) with or without 1103Paulsen as interstock to determine its performance under deficit irrigation condition (50% of field capacity). The results indicated that Paulsen as rootstock or as interstock significantly increased the growth vigor of Flame seedless scion as well as the leaf content of total proline, phenols and sugars. Paulsen rootstock has decreased stomatal conductance, leaf transpiration rate and increased diffusion resistance under 50% deficit irrigation compared with grafting on Freedom rootstock. Moreover, Paulsen as interstock for Flame seedless grafted onto Freedom rootstock significantly increased relative water content accompanied by an increase in thickness of leaf anatomical characters such as midvein, lamina, palisade, xylem and phloem tissue under deficit irrigation compared with grafts without Paulsen interstock. This study suggests that using Paulsen as interstock, can be an adaptation strategy for water stress through controlling in some morphological, chemical physiological and anatomical responses of scion.

scholarly journals BEHAVIOR OF SOME GRAPEVINE CULTIVARS FROM MURFATLAR VINEYARD IN THE SPECIAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE WINE YEAR 2019-2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Ionica Dina ◽  
Aurora Ranca ◽  
Anamaria Tănase ◽  
Sergiu-Ayar Ene
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Red Wines ◽  
White Wines ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Weak Growth

The climate changes in Murfatlar vineyard in recent years consist inthe increase ofmonthly average temperatures, recorded in both cold and warm seasons, accompanied by an irregular distribution of rainfall during the year, which significantly influences the growth of grapevine, the quality and production of grapes.Six representative cultivars were studied, three for white wines: Chardonnay, Columna and Muscat Ottonel and three for red wines: Fetească Neagră, Mamaia and Cabernet Sauvignon. In the last two years (2019-2020) warm winters and very dry summers have led to the onset of budburst, almost simultaneously for all the studied cultivars, followed by a very weak growth and development of shoots (2020) and an acceleration development of phenophases, mainly berween veraison and ripening. Water stress during the vegetative period, a hygroscopicity below 60% between July and August and low vegetative apparatus influenced the growth ofthe berries, resulting small grapes, and a very low must yield in 2020.Concerning the quality of grape production, the studied cultivars achieved more sugar concentrations in berries up to 35.8 g/L (in 2019) and 36.0 g/L (in 2020), higher than the values obtained in normal years. In the conditions of a pronounced dry climate manifested in the two years of study, the productions were below the normal level, especialy in 2020, achieving much diminished productions for all cultivars, except the Mamaia cultivar. The Mamaia cultivar had a positive reaction, registering an increase of production, that exceeded the multiannual value by 20% in 2020 andby 10% in 2019, the concentration of sugars in the must being above the average value obtained in normal years, exceeding by 3% and 9%, respectively, the multiannual average. Statistical calculations were done using SPSS Statistics 17.0, using mainly the Duncan test for a degree of significance of 5%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document