Beyond Beer: Hop Shoot Production and Nutritional Composition under Mediterranean Climatic Conditions

For hop growers, surplus shoots are generally a useless by-product of cultivation. Conversely, they may represent a valuable resource due to rising interest towards healthy and traditional foods. A field trial was carried out in Central Italy to characterize shoot production (number of emerged shoots, shoot fresh weight, marketable shoot yield, and shoot diameter) of three commercial hop cultivars (Cascade, Challenger, and Hallertauer Magnum) and to survey shoot proximate composition (ash, ether extract, crude protein, and crude fiber). Green shoots were harvested when they were from 20 to 40 cm in length. The results from two years showed that there was significant difference among the varieties and between growing seasons, both for yield traits and for nutritional composition. H. Magnum showed the highest marketable shoot yield (152 g per plant, two-year mean), while Cascade had the best proximate composition. The number of emerged shoots per plant varied from 62.5 of Cascade to 84.3 of H. Magnum over a two-year average. Marketable shoot yield showed a positive relationship with number of shoots and average shoot fresh weight, while no significant correlation was found with shoot diameter. Hop shoots proved to be a low-fat food (ether extract from 2 to 6% dry matter (DM)) with high protein (from 22 to 30% DM) and fiber content (from 10 to 16% DM).

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Assessment of Nutritional and Microbiological Properties of Biscuit Supplemented With Moringa Oleifera Seed Protein Concentrate

Journal of Food Engineering and Technology ◽

10.32732/jfet.2020.9.1.22 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 22-29

Author(s):

T. A. Aderinola ◽

O. E. Lawal ◽

T. D. Oluwajuyitan

Keyword(s):

Proximate Composition ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Seed Protein ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Protein Concentrate ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact ◽

Moringa Oleifera Seed ◽

Microbiological Properties

The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of Moringa oleifera seed protein concentrate supplementation on the nutritional composition of biscuit. Biscuit was supplemented with M. oleifera seed protein concentrate at 2, 4 and 6% and evaluated for the proximate composition, amino acid profile, mineral element composition, microbiological properties and sensory qualities. The proximate composition result showed that the biscuits contained: 8%, 58.92%, 6.45%, 0.32%, 0.97% and 26.32% moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash and carbohydrate, respectively. The essential amino acids were lysine (6.57%), leucine (6.02%), tryptophan (5.23%), valine (5.20%), phenylalanine (4.25%), threonine (4.10%), histidine (4.03%), isoleucine (3.34%) and methionine (2.94%). The proximate composition results showed a slight but progressive increase in crude protein content due to the supplementation while the overall quality acceptability did not show any statistically significant difference among the biscuit samples. The microbiological result also revealed that the biscuits were safe and the level of detection were within the safe range for baked products. It was concluded that supplementation of biscuit with M. oleifera seed protein concentrate is safe and the consumption of the biscuits may support growth and development of children who are the major consumers.

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Proximate Composition and Glycemic Index Profiling of Differently Composed Nutri-Cereal Biscuits

International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.9734/irjpac/2020/v21i2130288 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 39-46

Author(s):

T. V. Hymavathi ◽

Pradeepa Robert ◽

V. Thejasri ◽

E. Jyosthna

Keyword(s):

Glycemic Index ◽

Proximate Composition ◽

Foxtail Millet ◽

Insulin Resistance Syndrome ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Ash Content ◽

Nutrient Density ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Dietary Fibre Content ◽

Low Glycemic Index

An increasing body of evidence suggests that a low-glycemic-index (GI) diet has a therapeutic as well as a preventive potential in relation to the insulin resistance syndrome. Interest in development of low GI foods is growing worldwide; hence there is a need for more diversified food with low GI. At the same time the demand for nutri-cereals is also growing due to its nutrient density, hence in the present study, six types of nutri-cereal (millets) based biscuits made from sorghum, pearl millet and foxtail millet were estimated for their proximate composition and glycemic index (GI). There is significant difference in the nutritional composition of all the biscuits, except ash content of SPB and PB, moisture content of SSB and FB, available carbohydrates of SWB and SCB. The protein, fat, carbohydrate, ash and dietary fibre content ranged from 5.88 g to 9.01 g, 19.98 g to 23.78 g, 59.67 to 64.20 g, 0.61 g to 1.04 g and 8.80 g to 12.20 g /100 g respectively. All the biscuits were found to have low GI (less than 55) and order of GI and GL is PB>SWB>SSB>FB>SPB>SCB.

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The Perspective of Croatian Old Apple Cultivars in Extensive Farming for the Production of Functional Foods

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10040708 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 708

Author(s):

Boris Duralija ◽

Predrag Putnik ◽

Dora Brdar ◽

Anica Bebek Markovinović ◽

Sandra Zavadlav ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Foods ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Biological Potential ◽

Apple Cultivars ◽

The Republic ◽

Processed Form ◽

Extensive Farming

The Republic of Croatia has a long tradition of fruit growing due to its geographical location, climatic conditions, and high quality of fruit crops, especially apple fruits. Apples can be used for the formulation of functional foods either in processed form (e.g., juice), or as a by-product (e.g., apple pomace). However, there is a growing demand for functional foods derived from ancient and traditional plant sources as they are recognized as a very valuable source of health-promoting bioactive ingredients. Similarly, old apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh.) are characterized by good morphological and pomological properties, less need for chemicals during cultivation and the higher share of biologically active compounds (BACs) with better sensory acceptability compared to commercial cultivars. However, their nutritional and biological potential is underestimated, as is their ability to be processed into functional food. The importance in preserving old apple cultivars can also be seen in their significance for improving the nutritional composition of other apple cultivars through innovative cultivation strategies, and therefore old local apple cultivars could be of great importance in future breeding programs.

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COMPARISON OF ASCORBIC ACID CONTENT IN IMPORTED TOMATOES AND IN CULTIVARS GROWN IN NOVA SCOTIA

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps87-047 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 331-335

Author(s):

HAK-YOON JU ◽

W. JOHN MULLIN

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Nova Scotia ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Acid Content ◽

Ascorbic Acid Content ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Atlantic Region ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Cluster Location ◽

Greenhouse Tomatoes

The ascorbic acid (vitamin C) content of fresh imported field tomatoes and Nova Scotia greenhouse and field tomatoes was determined on a bi-weekly basis during the period of availability of each type of tomato to the Nova Scotia consumer in 1984. The average ascorbic acid contents of imported and Nova Scotia field and greenhouse tomatoes were 13.3, 16.7 and 17.7 mg 100 g−1 fresh weight, respectively. A study of nine recommended or promising field tomatoes for the Atlantic region showed significant differences in ascorbic acid content among the cultivars. The cultivar Quick Pick had the highest ascorbic acid content of 22.5 ± 1.5 mg 100 g−1, the cultivar Campbell 18 had the lowest content, 12.0 ± 2.9 mg 100 g−1. In Dombito greenhouse tomatoes the stage of maturity and the effect of cluster location were tested against ascorbic acid content. The lowest ascorbic acid content of 9.1 ± 1.0 mg 100 g−1 was found with the small green tomatoes while others from mature green to overripe contained 14.0–16.7 mg 100 g−1. Tomatoes from different cluster locations showed no significant difference in ascorbic acid content.Key words: Vitamin C, L-ascorbic acid, tomatoes

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Nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions from monoculture and rotational cropping of corn, soybean and winter wheat

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss06015 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 88 (2) ◽

pp. 163-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

C F Drury ◽

X M Yang ◽

W D Reynolds ◽

N B McLaughlin

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Crop Residue ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Application Rate ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Previous Crop

It is well established that nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from agricultural land are influenced by the type of crop grown, the form and amount of nitrogen (N) applied, and the soil and climatic conditions under which the crop is grown. Crop rotation adds another dimension that is often overlooked, however, as the crop residue being decomposed and supplying soluble carbon to soil biota is usually from a different crop than the crop that is currently growing. Hence, the objective of this study was to compare the influence of both the crop grown and the residues from the preceding crop on N2O and CO2 emissions from soil. In particular, N2O and CO2 emissions from monoculture cropping of corn, soybean and winter wheat were compared with 2 -yr and 3-yr crop rotations (corn-soybean or corn-soybean-winter wheat). Each phase of the rotation was measured each year. Averaged over three growing seasons (from April to October), annual N2O emissions were about 3.1 to 5.1 times greater in monoculture corn (2.62 kg N ha-1) compared with either monoculture soybean (0.84 kg N ha-1) or monoculture winter wheat (0.51 kg N ha-1). This was due in part to the higher inorganic N levels in the soil resulting from the higher N application rate with corn (170 kg N ha-1) than winter wheat (83 kg N ha-1) or soybean (no N applied). Further, the previous crop also influenced the extent of N2O emissions in the current crop year. When corn followed corn, the average N2O emissions (2.62 kg N ha-1) were about twice as high as when corn followed soybean (1.34 kg N ha-1) and about 60% greater than when corn followed winter wheat (1.64 kg N ha-1). Monoculture winter wheat had about 45% greater CO2 emissions than monoculture corn or 51% greater emissions than monoculture soybean. In the corn phase, CO2 emissions were greater when the previous crop was winter wheat (5.03 t C ha-1) than when it was soybean (4.20 t C ha-1) or corn (3.91 t C ha-1). Hence, N2O and CO2 emissions from agricultural fields are influenced by both the current crop and the previous crop, and this should be accounted for in both estimates and forecasts of the emissions of these important greenhouse gases. Key words: Denitrification, soil respiration, rotation, crop residue

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Proximate composition of male and female African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and tilapia (Tilapia zilli) in Jega river, Kebbi state, Nigeria

Journal of Fisheries, Livestock and Veterinary Science ◽

10.18801/jflvs.010220.04 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 01 (02) ◽

pp. 28-35

Author(s):

W. M. Namaga ◽

B. Yahaya ◽

M. A. Salam

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Fish Species ◽

Lipid Content ◽

Proximate Composition ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Fibre Content ◽

African Catfish ◽

Male And Female ◽

Juvenile Female ◽

Significant Difference

Fish is highly nutritious, tasty, and easily digestible. It is much sought after by a broad cross-section of the world’s population, particularly in developing countries as it provides the cheapest protein source. Nigeria is blessed with numerous inland freshwater rivers and lakes scattered all over the country. This freshwater habitat consists of many species of fish that have successfully dominated all niches over time and have for many reasons remained unstudied. The situation concealed a lot of scientific information particularly on food security and safety to the inmates and the country at large. Jega River which transcended many States in the North-Western part of Nigeria to open into the river Niger is one of such rivers largely uncared for, study-wise. African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Tilapia (Tilapia zillii) have been wisely selected for the present proximate composition studies. The juveniles of these fishes were purchased from local fishermen in Mariner Waje landing site of the river which flows by Jega town, a local government area in Kebbi State, Nigeria. For the study, the methodology approved by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) was used to determine the proximate composition of the fishes. The highest percentage crude protein content of 49.18 ± 0.30% was observed in juvenile female C. gariepinus; while the lowest protein content of 39.22± 0.50% was observed in juvenile male T. zilli. The highest percentage lipid content of 11.75± 1.50% was observed in juvenile female tilapia; while the lowest percentage lipid content of 6.25± 0.29% was observed in male African catfish. The highest percentage fibre content of 4.00 ± 0.29% was observed in male and female C. gariepinus, while the lowest percentage fibre content of 0.75± 0.29% was observed in male tilapia. There were variations (p< 0.05) when the protein and lipid contents of both the species were compared with each other. There was also a significant difference (p< 0.05) when the carbohydrate contents were compared between the fish species, but there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) when the fibre content was compared within the species. The analyses showed that both the male and female fish species studied had high protein contents.

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Distribution and abundance of Hemolivia mauritanica (Apicomplexa: Haemogregarinidae) and its vector Hyalomma aegyptium in tortoises of Iran

Biologia ◽

10.1515/biolog-2015-0024 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hossein Javanbakht ◽

Pavel Široký ◽

Peter Mikulíček ◽

Mozafar Sharifi

Keyword(s):

Distribution Pattern ◽

Age Groups ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Blood Parasite ◽

Iranian Plateau ◽

Male And Female ◽

Testudo Graeca ◽

Vector Tick ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Males And Females

AbstractDistribution pattern, prevalence and intensity of parasitaemia of heteroxenous apicomplexan blood parasite Hemolivia mauritanica and its vector tick Hyalomma aegyptium have been studied in 264 tortoises (212 Testudo graeca and 52 T. horsfieldii) throughout the Iranian territory. In T. graeca the highest prevalence and intensity of parasitaemia for H. mauritanica were recorded in the temperate mid and northern parts of the Iranian plateau, while the lowest values were found in the arid central part of Iran. No Hemolivia-positive samples were found in T. horsfieldii. Hyalomma aegyptium ticks were diagnosed in both tortoise species. The highest prevalence and intensity of infestation with H. aegyptium were recorded in western part of Iran, where climatic conditions are not so arid compared to central and eastern parts. No significant differences were found in intensity of parasitaemia of H. mauritanica between males and females. Similarly, no differences in intensity of parasitaemia were detected between different age groups (adults; more than 10 years, young; 5-10 years and juveniles; less that 5 years). Prevalence of H. mauritanica and H. aegyptium in adults was higher than in young and in juveniles. While intensity of infestation with H. aegyptium was significantly higher in adult tortoises compare to juveniles, no significant difference were found between intensity of H. aegyptium infestation in male and female tortoises.

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Sustainability of sunflower cultivation for biodiesel production in central Italy according to the Renewable Energy Directive methodology

Journal of Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.4081/jae.2013.222 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 175 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniele Duca ◽

Giuseppe Toscano ◽

Ester Foppa Pedretti ◽

Giovanni Riva

Keyword(s):

Fossil Fuels ◽

Central Italy ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

European Level ◽

Minimum Threshold ◽

Irrigated Crops ◽

Standard Value ◽

Points Of View ◽

Definition Of

The use of renewable energies as alternative to fossil fuels has value from different points of view and has effects at environmental, social and economic level. These aspects are often connected to each other and together define the overall sustainability of bioenergy. At European level, the Directive 2009/28/EC gives the basic criteria for the estimation of sustainability of biofuels and indicates a minimum threshold of 35% of greenhouse gas saving for a biofuel in order to be considered sustainable. The Directive gives the possibility to identify standard regional values for the cultivation steps that could be utilized for the certification. This paper aims to give a contribution to the definition of these values considering the RED methodology applied to the sunflower cropped in central Italy which is characterized by a hilly landscape and not-irrigated crops. To determine input and output of sunflower cultivation in the central Italy, the results of PROBIO project, carried out by the Authors, were used. The sustainability of biodiesel produced from sunflower grown in central Italy is variable and depends on the nitrogen input and seasonal climatic conditions that affect the yields. The greenhouse gases savings of the Italian chain is 40% in average, greater than the required 35% and would be possible to assign this value as standard to the biofuel chain biodiesel from sunflower cultivated in central Italy. Using an averaged regional standard value guards against the possibility of considering unsustainable harvesting in unfavourable years and seeing it overestimated in the favourable ones.

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Living mulch strategy for organic cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) production in central and southern Italy

Italian Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.4081/ija.2015.644 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 90 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Stefano Canali ◽

Gabriele Campanelli ◽

Corrado Ciaccia ◽

Mariangela Diacono ◽

Fabrizio Leteo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brassica Oleracea ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Southern Italy ◽

Central Italy ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

F1 Hybrid ◽

Agronomic Practices ◽

Burr Medic ◽

The Mean ◽

Sustainable Agricultural Systems

In sustainable agricultural systems, intercropping using living mulches (LM) provides many beneficial ecosystem services. The objective of these two-year field experiments was to study the suitability of different LM options of burr medic (Medicago polymorpha L. var. anglona) for organic cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) cultivation in two sites under Mediterranean conditions. In central Italy (Experiment 1) contemporary and delayed (to crop) sowings of LM were compared with a no-cover crop treatment, contrasting two local cauliflower cultivars and a F1 Hybrid. In southern Italy (Experiment 2) the sustainability of systems combining LM (anticipated and contemporary sowing compared with no-cover) and organic fertilisation strategies was assessed. The aboveground biomasses dry weights of cauliflower crop (heads and residues), burr medic and weeds were separately determined. Results suggested that in Experiment 1 the LM was not able to smother weeds establishment and growth, as a consequence of early sowing, while cauliflower yield was reduced. Moreover, the genotypes behaviour was greatly influenced by the LM sowing times. In Experiment 2, irrespective of the agronomic practices applied, climatic conditions notably influenced cauliflower cultivation and also reduced the mean yield. Therefore, the recorded differences between the two experimental sites highlighted the need to tailor the LM strategies to the different environmental conditions.

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Seasonal Abundance and Suppression of Fruit-Piercing MothEudocima phalonia(L.) in a Citrus Orchard in Sarawak

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/2011/753484 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 2330-2338 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stephen Chan Teck Leong ◽

Roland Jui Heng Kueh

Keyword(s):

Secondary Forest ◽

Citrus Fruit ◽

Mineral Oil ◽

Seasonal Abundance ◽

Citrus Orchard ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fruit Damage ◽

Seasonal Population

Seasonal population of the fruit-piercing mothsEudocimaspp. was monitored throughout the citrus growing seasons in a citrus orchard and in site adjacent to secondary forest from July 2007 to June 2009. The moth was detected practically throughout the year with activity lowest during the wet months (September-February) when fruits are still available and while highest during the dry months (May-June) which also coincided with the main fruiting season. The effects of annC24 horticultural mineral oil (HMO) on the citrus fruit damage caused by fruit-piecing moths was also determined. The percent fruit damage was significantly lowest (P≤0.05) in HMO-treated plots (8.4), followed by Dimethoate-treated plots (11.6) and untreated plots (22.5). However, there was no significant difference between HMO and Dimethoate treated plots indicating HMO is effective in reducing percent fruit damage.

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