Effects of Straw and Biochar Amendments on Grassland Productivity and Root Morphology

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of straw and biochar amendment on the root system morphology and aboveground biomass of a red clover/grass mixture (Lolium. perenne L., Phleum pratense L., Festuca pratensis Huds., F. arundinacea Schreb., L. multiflorum L., L. westerwoldicum Breakw., Trifolium pratense L.). A grassland experiment was conducted from 2014 to 2018. Straw was collected from miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and biochar was produced from the biomass of those species. The following treatments were applied: wheat straw at a rate of 5 t ha−1 (WS), miscanthus straw at a rate of 5 t ha−1 (MS), wheat biochar at a rate of 5 t ha−1 (WBH), wheat biochar at a rate of 2.25 t ha−1 (WBL), miscanthus biochar at a rate of 5 t ha−1 (MBH), and miscanthus biochar at a rate of 2.25 t ha−1 (MBL). A treatment with mineral fertilizer but without organic amendments (MCTR) was used, and a control treatment (CTR) without mineral fertilizer and without any amendments was also tested. The botanical composition and the aboveground yields were determined. The roots were sampled in 2018, and the root morphology parameters were determined using an image analysis system. The applied soil amendments resulted in increased root lengths, surface areas, volumes, and mean root diameters. There were no differences between the treatments with different feedstock types (miscanthus vs. wheat), materials (straw vs. biochar), or amendment rates (5 vs. 2.25 t ha−1). The resulting root system characteristics were reflected in the aboveground biomass productivity. The soil amendments, i.e., the straw and biochar, significantly increased the productivity in comparison to that of the control treatment. However, these differences were noticed only during the first and second cuts. Recommended practice in grassland management is to improve soil with straw. The conversion of straw into biochar does not provide a better effect on grassland productivity.

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Evaluation of mineral fertilizer effects in a long-term experiment on a planted sward

Agrokémia és Talajtan ◽

10.1556/agrokem.59.2010.2.8 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 295-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Imre Kádár

Keyword(s):

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

Agropyron Cristatum ◽

Festuca Rubra ◽

Festuca Pratensis ◽

Term Experiment ◽

Long Term Experiment

Egy műtrágyázási tartamkísérlet 32. évében, 2005-ben vizsgáltuk az eltérő N-, P- és K-ellátottsági szintek és kombinációik hatását a réti csenkesz (Festuca pratensis) vezérnövényű, nyolckomponensű, pillangós nélküli gyepkeverék termésére, fejlődésére és elemtartalmára. A termőhely mészlepedékes csernozjom talaja a szántott rétegben mintegy 3% humuszt, 3–5% CaCO3-ot és 20–22% agyagot tartalmazott, N és K elemekben közepesen, P és Zn elemekben gyengén ellátottnak minősült. A kísérlet 4N×4P×4K = 64 kezelést×2 ismétlést = 128 parcellát foglalt magában. A talajvíz 13–15 m mélyen helyezkedik el, a terület aszályérzékeny. A vizsgált 2005. évben azonban kielégítő mennyiségű (649 mm) csapadék hullott és annak eloszlása is kedvező volt. A gyep telepítése spenót elővetemény után 2000. szeptember 20-án történt gabona sortávra 60 kg·ha–1 vetőmaggal, amelynek 25%-át (15 kg) a réti csenkesz (Festuca pratensis); 21–21%-át (12,6 kg) a nádképű csenkesz (Festuca arundinacea) és az angol perje (Lolium perenne); 9%-át (5,4 kg) a taréjos búzafű (Agropyron cristatum), valamint 6–6%-át (3,6 kg) a vörös csenkesz (Festuca rubra), a réti komócsin (Phleum pratense), a zöld pántlikafű (Phalaris arundinacea) és a csomós ebír (Dactylis glomerata) tette ki. Főbb eredményeink: – A meghatározó N-trágyázás nyomán a szénatermés 5-szörösére emelkedett a két kaszálással a N-kontrollhoz viszonyítva. A maximális 10 t·ha–1 körüli légszáraz szénahozamokat a 300 kg N·ha–1·év–1 N-adag, valamint a 150 mg·kg–1 körüli AL-P2O5-, illetve 150 mg·kg–1 feletti AL-K2O-tartalom biztosította. Növénydiagnosztikai szempontból a nagy terméshez kötődő optimális elemtartalom 2% körüli N- és K-, illetve 0,2–0,3% P-koncentráció volt a szénában. – A két kaszálással felvett minimum (a 2 t·ha–1 körüli szénatermést adó N-kontroll) és maximum (a 10 t·ha–1 körüli szénahozamú, nitrogénnel és PK-vel jól ellátott talajok) elemmennyiségek a következőképpen alakultak: N 21–196 kg, K 39–188 kg, Ca 9–48 kg, Mg 4–22 kg, P 6–21 kg. – Az N×P és N×K kölcsönhatások kifejezettebbé váltak a 2. kaszálás idején. A P 0,18–0,55%, a NO3-N 86–1582 mg·kg–1, a Cu 4,7–7,4 mg·kg–1, a Mo 0,7–4,1 mg·kg–1 extrém értékeket jelzett az N×P kezelések függvényében. Az N×K kezelésekben a K 1,44–2,73%, a Mg 0,26–0,39%, a Na 71–2178 mg·kg–1, a Ba 4,1–9,6 mg·kg–1, a Cd 15–44 µg·kg–1 szélsőértékekkel volt jellemezhető. A Sr a 10–26 mg·kg–1 koncentrációtartományban módosult a P×K-ellátottság nyomán. Élettani, takarmányozástani szempontból az indukált kölcsönhatások nyomon követése elengedhetetlen, amennyiben olyan mérvű tápelemhiányok, illetve aránytalanságok jöhetnek létre, melyek anyagcserezavarokat okozhatnak a növényt fogyasztó állatban.

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Silicon Effects on the Root System of Diverse Crop Species Using Root Phenotyping Technology

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10050885 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 885

Author(s):

Pooja Tripathi ◽

Sangita Subedi ◽

Abdul Latif Khan ◽

Yong-Suk Chung ◽

Yoonha Kim

Keyword(s):

Root System ◽

Root Morphology ◽

Morphological Traits ◽

Crop Production ◽

Spatial Configuration ◽

Global Climate ◽

Learning Technologies ◽

Climate Change Scenarios ◽

Crop Species ◽

Wide Range

Roots play an essential function in the plant life cycle, as they utilize water and essential nutrients to promote growth and plant productivity. In particular, root morphology characteristics (such as length, diameter, hairs, and lateral growth) and the architecture of the root system (spatial configuration in soil, shape, and structure) are the key elements that ensure growth and a fine-tuned response to stressful conditions. Silicon (Si) is a ubiquitous element in soil, and it can affect a wide range of physiological processes occurring in the rhizosphere of various crop species. Studies have shown that Si significantly and positively enhances root morphological traits, including root length in rice, soybean, barley, sorghum, mustard, alfalfa, ginseng, and wheat. The analysis of these morphological traits using conventional methods is particularly challenging. Currently, image analysis methods based on advanced machine learning technologies allowed researchers to screen numerous samples at the same time considering multiple features, and to investigate root functions after the application of Si. These methods include root scanning, endoscopy, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional imaging, which can measure Si uptake, translocation and root morphological traits. Small variations in root morphology and architecture can reveal different positive impacts of Si on the root system of crops, with or without exposure to stressful environmental conditions. This review comprehensively illustrates the influences of Si on root morphology and root architecture in various crop species. Furthermore, it includes recommendations in regard to advanced methods and strategies to be employed to maintain sustainable plant growth rates and crop production in the currently predicted global climate change scenarios.

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Effects of Temperature on Root Morphology and Ectendomycorrhizal Development in Pinusresinosa Ait.

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x75-024 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 171-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hugh E. Wilcox ◽

Ruth Ganmore-Neumann

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Root System ◽

Root Morphology ◽

Root Systems ◽

Second Order ◽

Root Temperature ◽

First Order ◽

Effects Of Temperature

Seedlings of Pinusresinosa were grown at root temperatures of 16, 21 and 27 °C, both aseptically and after inoculation with the ectendomycorrhizal fungus BDG-58. Growth after 3 months was significantly influenced by the presence of the fungus at all 3 temperatures. The influence of the fungus on root growth was obscured by the effects of root temperature on morphology. The root system at 16 and at 21 °C possessed many first-order laterals with numerous, well developed second-order branches, but those at 27 °C had only a few, relatively long, unbranched first-order laterals. Although the root systems of infected seedlings were larger, the fungus increased root growth in the same pattern as determined by the temperature.

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Reaction of potential guava rootstocks to Meloidogyne enterolobii

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/0034-737x201865030010 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 291-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fernando Marcelo Chiamolera ◽

Antonio Baldo Geraldo Martins ◽

Pedro Luiz Martins Soares ◽

Tatiana Pagan Loeiro da Cunha-Chiamolera

Keyword(s):

Root System ◽

Fusarium Solani ◽

Root Rot ◽

System Development ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Second Stage ◽

Root System Development ◽

Meloidogyne Enterolobii ◽

Reproduction Factor

ABSTRACT Root-knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii is the main phytosanitary problem of guava cultivation in Brazil. Among the strategies to manage the problem, the best prospects are in identifying or developing cultivars or rootstocks that are resistant to this nematode. To identify plants with potential as rootstocks for guava, the reaction of araçá (wild guava) to M. enterolobii was assessed in a greenhouse experiment. Seven araçá species were evaluated (Eugenia stipitata, Psidium acutangulum, P. cattleyanum ‘yellow’, P. friedrichsthalianum, P. guajava var. minor, P. guineense, and Psidium sp.). The plants were inoculated with a suspension of 3,000 eggs of M. enterolobii, using eggplant as control treatment. The parameters fresh root mass, number of eggs and second stage juveniles (J2) per root system, the reproduction factor (RF = Pf/Pi), and araçá reaction were determined during the experiment. RF of the araçá species E. stipitata, P. cattleyanum ‘yellow’, and P. friedrichsthalianum was less than one (RP < 1), therefore resistant to M. enterolobii. The araçá trees had good root system development and the susceptible plants showed many root galls, high number of eggs and J2, and Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani root rot. The araçá species, P. cattleyanum ‘yellow’, P. friedrichsthalianum, and E. stipitata are resistant to M. enterolobii and can be tested as potential guava rootstocks.

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Effect of nitrogen on the distribution of biomass and element composition of the root system of miscanthus × giganteus

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs141010017d ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 547-560 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zeljko Dzeletovic ◽

Djordje Glamoclija

Keyword(s):

Root System ◽

Aboveground Biomass ◽

Root Biomass ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Element Composition ◽

Simple Experiment ◽

Miscanthus Giganteus ◽

Dry Biomass ◽

Macro And Micronutrients ◽

Mn Concentrations

Perennial bioenergy grass crops, despite a relatively similar production of aboveground biomass, show significant differences in the overall root biomass. Rhizomes play a key role in economizing nutrients in miscanthus. The aim of this research was to establish the effect of N (nitrogen) on the distribution of biomass and concentration of major macro- and micronutrients in the miscanthus root system, using simple experiment in pots. After two years of growth, the rhizomes and roots were taken out of the pots, cleaned of earth and analyzed. About 2/3 of the mass of the miscanthus root system consist of rhizome mass. The overall dry biomass of newly formed rhizomes and roots is decreased with the increase in the amount of applied N fertilization. Thereby, the N concentration in the entire root system, as well as in some of its parts, increased with the rise in applied amount of N. Our results show that increasing amounts of applied N consistently negatively correlate with P concentrations in the miscanthus root system, in contrast to Mn concentrations, with which they correlate positively.

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FÓSFORO NA SOLUÇÃO DO SOLO EM RESPOSTA À APLICAÇÃO DE FERTILIZANTES FLUIDOS MINERAL E ORGANOMINERAL

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2015v1n1p14 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 14-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Dirceu Maximino Fernandes ◽

Marco André Grohskopf ◽

Edilson Ramos Gomes ◽

Natália Rodrigues Ferreira ◽

Leonardo Teodoro Bull

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Soil Solution ◽

Phosphorus Content ◽

Swine Manure ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Phosphorus Fertilization ◽

E Mail ◽

Over Time

FÓSFORO NA SOLUÇÃO DO SOLO EM RESPOSTA À APLICAÇÃO DE FERTILIZANTES FLUIDOS MINERAL E ORGANOMINERAL DIRCEU MAXIMINO FERNANDES1; MARCO ANDRÉ GROHSKOPF2; EDILSON RAMOS GOMES3; NATÁLIA RODRIGUES FERREIRA2 E LEONARDO TEODORO BÜLL1 1Professor do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, – Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio Mesquita Filho”, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (UNESP/FCA) - Rua José Barbosa de Barros, no 1780, CEP: 18160-307 - Botucatu, SP, bolsista de produtividade em pesquisa do CNPq. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) – UNESP/FCA, bolsista CAPES. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) – UNESP/FCA, bolsista CNPq. E-mail: [email protected]. 1 RESUMO Pouco se conhece sobre a dinâmica da solução do solo em resposta a aplicação de diferentes fertilizantes no solo, principalmente, em relação à adubação fosfatada. Nesse sentido, avaliou-se o teor de fósforo, pH e condutividade elétrica na solução do solo e, a produção de biomassa de parte aérea de plantas em resposta a aplicação de fertilizantes fluidos mineral e organomineral a base de dejeto suíno e, mineral sólido. Os tratamentos foram: testemunha geral caracterizada pela ausência de nutrientes, testemunha de fósforo (P) caracterizada pela ausência apenas de P, fertilizantes fluido mineral (MF-P) e organomineral (OF-P) e, sólido (MS-P) aplicados em Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico (LV) e Neossolo Quartzarênico Órtico típico (NQ). O experimento foi conduzido em vasos em casa de vegetação em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. A solução do solo foi captada através de extratores de solução instalados nos vasos, realizando-se dez coletas no período de 137 dias após a aplicação dos fertilizantes, abrangendo dois cultivos consecutivos de aveia preta (cultivo I e cultivo II). Em ambos os solos o rendimento de matéria seca no cultivo I foi maior no OF-P e no cultivo II semelhante no MS-P, MF-P e OF-P, sendo os maiores rendimentos demonstrados no LV em relação ao NQ. Os teores de P na solução do solo variaram ao longo do tempo apenas no OF-P no LV, enquanto que no NQ houve variação em todos os tratamentos, sendo em ambos os solos os maiores teores a partir do cultivo II. Para os valores de pH e condutividade elétrica (CE) também houve variação ao longo do tempo em ambos os solos, sendo que no pH os valores aumentaram e na CE os valores diminuíram no cultivo II em relação ao cultivo I em todos os tratamentos. Palavras-chave: adubo líquido e sólido, resíduo, esterco. FERNADES, D. M.; GROHSKOPF, M. A.; GOMES, E. R.; FERREIRA, N. R.; BÜLL, L.T.PHOSPHORUS IN SOIL SOLUTION IN RESPONSE TO THE APPLICATION OF MINERAL AND ORGANOMINERAL FLUID FERTILIZERS 2 ABSTRACT Little is known about the dynamics of soil solution in response to the application of different soil fertilizers, mainly in relation to phosphorus fertilization. Using this approach, the study evaluated phosphorus content, pH and electrical conductivity in soil solution as well as shoot biomass production in response to mineral and organomineral fluid fertilizers containing swine manure and solid mineral. Treatments were as follows: a control treatment consisting of absence of nutrients, phosphorus (P) control characterized by absence only of P, mineral (MF-P) and organomineral (OF-P) fluid fertilizers , and solid mineral fertilizer (SM-P) applied to Oxisol (LVd) and Typic Quartzipsamments (TQ) soils. The experiment was carried out using pots in a greenhouse with a randomized block experimental design and four replicates. Soil solution was collected by solution extractors installed in pots. Ten collections were performed over 137 days after fertilizer application, which included two crops in a row of black oat (cultivation I and cultivation II). In both soils, yield of dry matter in cultivation I was higher in OF-P, and it was similar in (SM-P), (MF-P) and (OF-P) in cultivation II. Higher yield was obtained in LVd in relation to TQ. Phosphorus content in soil solution ranged over time just in OF-P in LVd, whereas variation was observed in all treatments in TQ. In both soils, higher content was observed as of cultivation II. Also, variation over time was observed for pH and electrical conductivity (EC) values in both soils. Values of pH increased and values of EC decreased in cultivation II as compared with those in cultivation I in all treatments. Keywords: liquid and solid fertilizer, residue, manure.

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Changes in the Content of Soil Phosphorus after its Application into Chernozem and Haplic Luvisol and the Effect on Yields of Barley Biomass

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun201664051603 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. 1603-1608 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tomáš Lošák ◽

Jaroslav Hlušek ◽

Ivana Lampartová ◽

Jakub Elbl ◽

Gabriela Mühlbachová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aboveground Biomass ◽

Phosphorus Content ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Acid Soil ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Soil Reaction ◽

Soil P ◽

Low Phosphorus ◽

P Rate

The pot experiment was established in vegetation hall in the year 2015. Spring barley, variety KWS Irina, was grown. Two different soils – chernozem from Brno (with a low phosphorus content and alkali soil reaction – 7.37) and haplic luvisol from Jaroměřice nad Rokytnou (with a high phosphorus content and slightly acid soil reaction – 6.01) were used for comparison. The rates of phosphorus in the form of triple superphosphate (45 % P2O5) were increased from 0.3 – 0.6 – 1.2 g per pot (5 kg of soil – Mitscherlich pots). Nitrogen was applied in the form of CAN (27 % N) at a rate of 1 g N per pot in all the treatments incl. the control. Using statistical analysis, significant differences were found between the two soil types both in terms of the postharvest soil P content and yields of aboveground biomass. The content of post‑harvest soil phosphorus increased significantly with the applied rate (96 – 141 – 210 mg/kg in chernozem and 128 – 179 – 277 mg/kg in haplic luvisol). Dry matter yields of the aboveground biomass grown on chernozem were the lowest in the control treatment not fertilised with P (38.97 g per pot) and increased significantly with the P rate applied (46.02 – 47.28 g per pot), although there were no significant differences among the fertilised treatments. On haplic luvisol phosphorus fertilisation was not seen at all, demonstrating that the weight of the biomass in all the treatments was balanced (48.12 – 49.63 g per pot).

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Root Morphology and Secretion of two subtropical tree species to NH4+-N and NO3–-N Deposition

10.21203/rs.3.rs-65378/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rui Zhang ◽

Yi Wang ◽

Zhichun Zhou

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Root System ◽

Root Morphology ◽

Tree Species ◽

Southern China ◽

N Deposition ◽

Fibrous Root ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Root Absorption ◽

Tap Root

Abstract Background: Both NH4+ and NO3– are capable of greatly influencing plants’ growth and biomass. However, the belowground responses of subtropical trees to either NH4+ or NO3– deposition remain poorly understood. Here, we discuss how these two forms of N deposition can affect root development, and experimentally analyzed how they could impact nitrogen and phosphorus absorption in two types (broadleaved with a fibrous root system vs. conifer with a tap root system) of subtropical tree species. Results: In a greenhouse in southern China, 1-year-old S. superba and P. massoniana seedlings grown on P-limited and P-normal soil were treated with NaNO3 and NH4Cl solutions of 0, 80, and 200 kg N ha–1 year–1, corresponding to the control, N80, and N200 groups, respectively. Root phenotype characteristics and metabolism ability were measured after 8 months of growth. The results showed that the root morphology and physiology variables differed significantly between the two species under different N and P treatments. Although S. superba had a larger quantity of roots than P. massoniana, both its root growth rate and root absorption were respectively lower and weaker. N addition differentially affected root growth and activity as follows: (1) NO3–-N80 and NH4+-N80 increased root growth and activity of the two species, but NH4+-N80 led to thicker roots in S. superba; (2) NO3–-N200 and NH4+-N200 had inhibitory effects on the roots of P. massoniana, for which NH4+-N200 led to thinner and longer roots and even the death of some roots; and (3) NH4+-N could promote metabolic activity in thicker roots (> 1.5 mm) and the NO3–-N was found to stimulate activity in thinner roots (0.5–1.5 mm) in the fibrous root system having a larger quantity of roots, namely S. superba. By contrast, NO3–-N and NH4+-N had an opposite influence upon functioning in the tap root system with a slender root, namely P. massoniana. Conclusion: We conclude P. massoniana has a much higher root absorption efficiency; however, nitrogen deposition is more beneficial to the root growth of S. superba.

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Two Wheat Cultivars with Contrasting Post-Embryonic Root Biomass Differ in Shoot Re-Growth after Defoliation: Implications for Breeding Grazing Resilient Forages

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants8110470 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 470

Author(s):

Paez-Garcia ◽

Liao ◽

Blancaflor

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Root Growth ◽

Root System ◽

Aboveground Biomass ◽

Root Traits ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Leaf Clipping ◽

The Impact ◽

Embryonic Root

The ability of forages to quickly resume aboveground growth after grazing is a trait that enables farmers to better manage their livestock for maximum profitability. Leaf removal impairs root growth. As a consequence of a deficient root system, shoot re-growth is inhibited leading to poor pasture performance. Despite the importance of roots for forage productivity, they have not been considered as breeding targets for improving grazing resilience due in large part to the lack of knowledge on the relationship between roots and aboveground biomass re-growth. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) is extensively used as forage source in temperate climates worldwide. Here, we investigated the impact of leaf clipping on specific root traits, and how these influence shoot re-growth in two winter wheat cultivars (i.e., Duster and Cheyenne) with contrasting root and shoot biomass. We found that root growth angle and post-embryonic root growth in both cultivars are strongly influenced by defoliation. We discovered that Duster, which had less post-embryonic roots before defoliation, reestablished its root system faster after leaf cutting compared with Cheyenne, which had a more extensive pre-defoliation post-embryonic root system. Rapid resumption of root growth in Duster after leaf clipping was associated with faster aboveground biomass re-growth even after shoot overcutting. Taken together, our results suggest that lower investments in the production of post-embryonic roots presents an important ideotype to consider when breeding for shoot re-growth vigor in dual purpose wheat.

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Exogenous auxin improves root morphology and restores growth of grafted cucumber seedlings

Horticultural Science ◽

10.17221/53/2016-hortsci ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 44 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 82-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Balliu Astrit ◽

Sallaku Glenda

Keyword(s):

Root System ◽

Root Morphology ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Cucumber Seedlings ◽

Faster Development ◽

Whole Plants ◽

Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽

Different Levels ◽

Morphology Parameters ◽

Establishment Rate

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenously applied auxin over the rootstock cuttings on root morphology parameters and stand establishment rate of salt-stressed cutting grafted cucumber seedlings. For that purpose, before grafting, the cut ends of the rootstocks were soaked for few seconds into auxin solution (indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or indole-3- butyric acid (IBA))at different concentrations and afterwards were grafted by the root pruned splice grafting (RPSG) method. Ten days after grafting, the grafted seedlings were transplanted into individual pots where two different levels of salt-stress (0 and 50 mM) were established. Root morphology parameters, as well as dry matter of the root system and the whole plants were successively analysed to randomly selected plants. Exogenous auxins improved root morphology parameters and restored root growth under salinity conditions. The best results were obtained through the application of IBA, which promoted a better rootstock – scion relationship, presumably due to faster development of phloem and xylem tubes, and the promotion of a vigorous root system which increases plant’s absorbing capabilities for water and nutrients under adverse soil conditions.

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