FÓSFORO NA SOLUÇÃO DO SOLO EM RESPOSTA À APLICAÇÃO DE FERTILIZANTES FLUIDOS MINERAL E ORGANOMINERAL

FÓSFORO NA SOLUÇÃO DO SOLO EM RESPOSTA À APLICAÇÃO DE FERTILIZANTES FLUIDOS MINERAL E ORGANOMINERAL DIRCEU MAXIMINO FERNANDES1; MARCO ANDRÉ GROHSKOPF2; EDILSON RAMOS GOMES3; NATÁLIA RODRIGUES FERREIRA2 E LEONARDO TEODORO BÜLL1 1Professor do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, – Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio Mesquita Filho”, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (UNESP/FCA) - Rua José Barbosa de Barros, no 1780, CEP: 18160-307 - Botucatu, SP, bolsista de produtividade em pesquisa do CNPq. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) – UNESP/FCA, bolsista CAPES. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) – UNESP/FCA, bolsista CNPq. E-mail: [email protected]. 1 RESUMO Pouco se conhece sobre a dinâmica da solução do solo em resposta a aplicação de diferentes fertilizantes no solo, principalmente, em relação à adubação fosfatada. Nesse sentido, avaliou-se o teor de fósforo, pH e condutividade elétrica na solução do solo e, a produção de biomassa de parte aérea de plantas em resposta a aplicação de fertilizantes fluidos mineral e organomineral a base de dejeto suíno e, mineral sólido. Os tratamentos foram: testemunha geral caracterizada pela ausência de nutrientes, testemunha de fósforo (P) caracterizada pela ausência apenas de P, fertilizantes fluido mineral (MF-P) e organomineral (OF-P) e, sólido (MS-P) aplicados em Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico (LV) e Neossolo Quartzarênico Órtico típico (NQ). O experimento foi conduzido em vasos em casa de vegetação em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. A solução do solo foi captada através de extratores de solução instalados nos vasos, realizando-se dez coletas no período de 137 dias após a aplicação dos fertilizantes, abrangendo dois cultivos consecutivos de aveia preta (cultivo I e cultivo II). Em ambos os solos o rendimento de matéria seca no cultivo I foi maior no OF-P e no cultivo II semelhante no MS-P, MF-P e OF-P, sendo os maiores rendimentos demonstrados no LV em relação ao NQ. Os teores de P na solução do solo variaram ao longo do tempo apenas no OF-P no LV, enquanto que no NQ houve variação em todos os tratamentos, sendo em ambos os solos os maiores teores a partir do cultivo II. Para os valores de pH e condutividade elétrica (CE) também houve variação ao longo do tempo em ambos os solos, sendo que no pH os valores aumentaram e na CE os valores diminuíram no cultivo II em relação ao cultivo I em todos os tratamentos. Palavras-chave: adubo líquido e sólido, resíduo, esterco. FERNADES, D. M.; GROHSKOPF, M. A.; GOMES, E. R.; FERREIRA, N. R.; BÜLL, L.T.PHOSPHORUS IN SOIL SOLUTION IN RESPONSE TO THE APPLICATION OF MINERAL AND ORGANOMINERAL FLUID FERTILIZERS 2 ABSTRACT Little is known about the dynamics of soil solution in response to the application of different soil fertilizers, mainly in relation to phosphorus fertilization. Using this approach, the study evaluated phosphorus content, pH and electrical conductivity in soil solution as well as shoot biomass production in response to mineral and organomineral fluid fertilizers containing swine manure and solid mineral. Treatments were as follows: a control treatment consisting of absence of nutrients, phosphorus (P) control characterized by absence only of P, mineral (MF-P) and organomineral (OF-P) fluid fertilizers , and solid mineral fertilizer (SM-P) applied to Oxisol (LVd) and Typic Quartzipsamments (TQ) soils. The experiment was carried out using pots in a greenhouse with a randomized block experimental design and four replicates. Soil solution was collected by solution extractors installed in pots. Ten collections were performed over 137 days after fertilizer application, which included two crops in a row of black oat (cultivation I and cultivation II). In both soils, yield of dry matter in cultivation I was higher in OF-P, and it was similar in (SM-P), (MF-P) and (OF-P) in cultivation II. Higher yield was obtained in LVd in relation to TQ. Phosphorus content in soil solution ranged over time just in OF-P in LVd, whereas variation was observed in all treatments in TQ. In both soils, higher content was observed as of cultivation II. Also, variation over time was observed for pH and electrical conductivity (EC) values in both soils. Values of pH increased and values of EC decreased in cultivation II as compared with those in cultivation I in all treatments. Keywords: liquid and solid fertilizer, residue, manure.

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EFEITO DA FERTIRRIGAÇÃO COM POTÁSSIO SOBRE O SOLO E PRODUTIVIDADE DO MORANGUEIRO

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2015v1n1p107 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 107-122

Author(s):

Edilson Ramos Gomes ◽

Fernando Broetto ◽

João Gabriel Thomaz Queluz ◽

Dayanne Fabrício Bressan

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Soil Solution ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Plant Nutrition ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Physiochemical Properties ◽

Yield Gain ◽

Irrigation Levels ◽

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EFEITO DA FERTIRRIGAÇÃO COM POTÁSSIO SOBRE O SOLO E PRODUTIVIDADE DO MORANGUEIRO EDILSON RAMOS GOMES1; FERNANDO BROETTO2; JOÃO GABRIEL THOMAZ QUELUZ3 E DAYANNE FABRÍCIO BRESSAN3 [1] Prof. Mestre, Departamento de Engenhara Rural, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Botucatu-SP. e-mail: [email protected] 2 Prof. Doutor, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Botucatu-SP.3 Doutorando (a) em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem), UNESP/FCA, Campos Botucatu-SP. 1 RESUMO O manejo correto da irrigação associado à nutrição apropriada induz maior ganho de produtividade e melhoria das propriedades físico-químicas do fruto. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da fertirrigação com diferentes lâminas de irrigação e concentrações variadas de potássio no solo e produtividade do morangueiro. O ensaio foi conduzido em estufa agrícola e o morango cultivado em canteiros. O desenho experimental foi realizado em blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos por cinco lâminas de irrigação (125%, 100%, 75%, 50% e 25% da necessidade hídrica da cultura) e nas subparcelas foram aplicadas três doses de adubação com potássio (0, 300 e 900 kg ha-1 ciclo-1). A fertirrigação com potássio aumentou a condutividade elétrica e reduziu o pH na solução do solo. O efeito iônico promovido pelo potássio em função dos regimes hídricos influenciou a produtividade do morangueiro e as características físico-químicas dos frutos. A dose recomendada de potássio para o morangueiro associada à aplicação de água em excesso promove maior produtividade da cultura. Palavras-chave: Fertirrigação, Fragaria L, Extrator de solução, Manejo de irrigação. GOMES, E. R.; BROETTO, F.; QUELUZ, J. G. T.; BRESSAN, D. F.EFFECT OF POTASSIUM FERTIGATION ON SOIL AND STRAWBERRY YIELD 2 ABSTRACT Proper irrigation management associated with appropriate plant nutrition leads to higher yield gain and better physiochemical properties of the fruit. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fertigation with different irrigation levels and distinct concentrations of potassium on soil and strawberry yield. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse and strawberries were grown in beds. The treatments were arranged in a randomized split-plot experimental design with four replicates. Treatments consisted of five irrigation levels (125%, 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% water requirement of the crop) and three doses of potassium fertilization applied to the subplots (0, 300 and 900 kg ha-1 cycle-1). Potassium fertigation increased electrical conductivity and reduced pH in the soil solution. The ion effect promoted by potassium as a function of water regimes affected the strawberry yield and the physiochemical characteristics of fruits. The recommended dose of potassium to the strawberry in association with water applied in excess promote higher crop yield. Keywords: fertigation, Fragaria L, soil solution extractor.

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Effect of Salinity on Growth of Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), Horse Purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum), Junglerice (Echinochloa colona), and Rice

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-d-12-00069.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 244-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Bhagirath S. Chauhan ◽

Seth B. Abugho ◽

Junrey C. Amas ◽

Glenn B. Gregorio

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Root Biomass ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Weed Species ◽

Leaf Production ◽

Trianthema Portulacastrum ◽

Significant Area

In Asia, a significant area under rice is affected by salinity. Salt stress can affect growth of crops as well as weeds. A study was conducted in a greenhouse to determine the effect of salinity (electrical conductivity [EC] of 1, 6, 12, 18, and 24 dS m−1) on growth of barnyardgrass, horse purslane, junglerice, and rice. Growth variables were analyzed using regression analysis. The tested levels of EC influenced leaf production of barnyardgrass and junglerice but not that of horse purslane. As compared with the control treatment (EC of 1 dS m−1), shoot biomass of barnyardgrass decreased by only 24% at 12 dS m−1, whereas rice biomass declined by 59% at this level of EC. At EC of 24 dS m−1, barnyardgrass still produced 4% of the biomass of the control treatment, whereas rice did not survive at this level of EC. Junglerice shoot biomass decreased by 73% at 18 dS m−1 EC compared with the control treatment, whereas rice shoot biomass declined by more than 86% at 18 dS m−1 EC. An EC of 10 dS m−1 was required to inhibit 50% shoot biomass of rice, whereas the EC to inhibit 50% shoot biomass of barnyardgrass and junglerice was 15 and 13 dS m−1, respectively. Shoot biomass of horse purslane was not influenced by the tested levels of EC. At the highest EC (24 dS m−1), at which rice did not survive, horse purslane shoot biomass was similar to that of the control treatment. In all weed species, data for root biomass showed trends similar to those of shoot biomass. The results of this study suggest that weeds were more tolerant to salt than rice, and horse purslane was the most tolerant species among the weeds.

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SALINIZAÇÃO POR POTÁSSIO NA PRODUÇÃO DE PIMENTÃO FERTIRRIGADO SOB AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2019v24n1p177-191 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 177-191

Author(s):

Renan Lima De Sousa ◽

ROBERTO LYRA VILLAS BÔAS ◽

POLIANA ROCHA D’ALMEIDA MOTA ◽

CAROLINE DE MOURA D’ANDRÉA MATEUS ◽

RAFAEL BARCELOS MENDONÇA

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Plant Height ◽

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Soil Solution ◽

Block Design ◽

Sweet Pepper ◽

Ion Concentration ◽

Capsicum Annuum L ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

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SALINIZAÇÃO POR POTÁSSIO NA PRODUÇÃO DE PIMENTÃO FERTIRRIGADO SOB AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO RENAN LIMA DE SOUSA1; ROBERTO LYRA VILLAS BÔAS2; POLIANA ROCHA D’ALMEIDA MOTA3; CAROLINE DE MOURA D’ANDRÉA MATEUS4 E RAFAEL BARCELOS MENDONÇA5 1Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, UNESP, Avenida Universitária, nº 3780, Altos do Paraíso, CEP 18610-034, Botucatu, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2Departamento de Solos e Recursos Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, UNESP, Avenida Universitária, nº 3780, Altos do Paraíso, CEP 18610-034, Botucatu, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola e Solos, Universidade Federal do Piauí, UFPI, Rua Dirce Oliveira, nº 3397, Ininga, CEP 64048-550, Teresina, PI, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 4Departamento de Solos e Recursos Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, UNESP, Avenida Universitária, nº 3780, Altos do Paraíso, CEP 18610-034, Botucatu, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 5Departamento de Solos e Recursos Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, UNESP, Avenida Universitária, nº 3780, Altos do Paraíso, CEP 18610-034, Botucatu, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 1 RESUMO Objetivou-se com a pesquisa avaliar doses de potássio na produção de pimentão, cultivar ‘Gaston’, e efeitos no extrato de solução do solo, utilizando extratores. Instalou-se a pesquisa na estufa agrícola do Departamento de Solos e Recursos Ambientais da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” - Campus de Botucatu, tendo sido as plantas conduzidas em vasos. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, quatro repetições, testando quatro doses de K2O (363 kg ha-1, 726 kg ha-1, 1088 kg ha-1 e 1451 kg ha-1) aplicadas via fertirrigação por gotejamento. Foram avaliados: a condutividade elétrica e concentração de íons específicos da solução do solo extraída semanalmente, altura das plantas e produção. Os extratores permitiram monitoramento eficiente e houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos. O aumento da concentração de sais na solução do solo reduziu a altura das plantas, número de frutos e a produção. A dose, além da calagem, que proporcionou maior produção de frutos foi: 363 kg ha-1 de K2O com 39,2 t ha-1, apresentando condutividade elétrica média ao longo do ciclo de 1,7 dS m-1 e concentração de 111 mg L-1 no extrato de solução do solo. Palavras chave: Capsicum annuum L., fertirrigação, extrator de solução, solução do solo, salinização SOUSA, R. L.; VILLAS BÔAS, R. L.; MOTA, P. R. D.; MATEUS, C. M. D.; MENDONÇA, R. B. EFFECTS OF POTASSIUM SALINIZATION IN THE PRODUCTION OF FERTIRRIGATED RED PEPPERS UNDER GREEN HOUSE 2 ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate potassium doses in the production of sweet pepper, 'Gaston' cultivar, and effects on soil solution extract, using extractors. The research was installed in the greenhouse of the Department of Soils and Environmental Resources of São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Botucatu Campus, and the plants were carried in pots. The experimental design was a randomized block design, with four replicates, using four doses of K2O (363 kg ha-1, 726 kg ha-1, 1088 kg ha-1 and 1451 kg ha-1) applied via drip fertirrigation. Electrical conductivity and specific ion concentration of soil solution extracted weekly, plant height and yield were evaluated. The extractors allowed efficient monitoring and there was significant differences across treatments. Increase in salt concentration in the soil solution reduced plant height, number of fruits and yield. The dose, in addition liming, that provided the highest fruit yield was: 363 kg ha-1 of K2O with 39.2 t ha-1, with an average electrical conductivity over the cycle of 1.7 dS m -1 and concentration of 111 mg L-1 in soil solution extract. Keywords: Capsicum annuum L., fertirrigation, solution extractor, soil solution, salinization

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Performance of Hydroponically Cultivated Geranium and Common Verbena under Salinity and High Electrical Conductivity Levels

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11061237 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1237

Author(s):

Antonios Chrysargyris ◽

Spyridon A. Petropoulos ◽

Dejan Prvulovic ◽

Nikolaos Tzortzakis

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

High Salinity ◽

Stomatal Resistance ◽

Water Sources ◽

Total Flavonoid ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

High Electrical Conductivity

Abiotic factors in nutrient solutions (NSs), such as salinity and high electrical conductivity (EC), may adversely alter plant growth and crop performance. However, there are medicinal/aromatic plants which can not only withstand these adverse conditions, but which can also increase their productivity or even enhance their quality in such conditions. As fresh water sources suitable for irrigation are becoming more and more limited, the use of low-quality water sources and hydroponic growing systems have been suggested as the main alternatives. Towards that direction, this study aims to evaluate the effect of high EC levels in NSs on geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L’Hér.) and common verbena (Verbena officinallis L.) plants cultivated in a soilless (perlite) hydroponics system. Plants were irrigated with a full nutrient solution of EC 2.1 dS m−1 and pH 5.8 until they reached a uniform size. Then, three treatments were applied, namely: (a) a control treatment with an EC of 2.1 dS m−1 in the NS, (b) a high-salinity NS created by adding 75 mM of NaCl (EC under 8.5 dS m−1) and (c) a concentrated NS with an EC of 8.5 dS m−1. In pelargonium, high salinity decreased the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents; antioxidant capacity; N, K, Mg and P content; as well as chlorophyll fluorescence, compared to the control treatment. On the other hand, increased salinity levels increased the Na and Ca content and stomatal resistance. In common verbena, salinity decreased total phenolic content and chlorophyll fluorescence but increased total flavonoid content; antioxidants; leaf K, P, Na, Cu and Zn content; and stomatal resistance, compared to the control. In both species, high EC did not affect polyphenols, flavonoids or antioxidants, whereas it increased stomatal resistance and nutrient accumulation in the leaves, and decreased chlorophyll fluorescence compared to the control treatment. Damage indices, indicated by lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide production and the elevation of enzymes’ antioxidant activities, were evidenced in both saline- and high-EC-treated plants. In conclusion, despite having the same EC levels in the nutrient solution, it seems that ionic stress caused by high mineral concentrations in the nutrient solution had less severe effects on the tested plants than the relevant osmotic stress caused by high salinity due to the addition of NaCl in the nutrient solution.

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Micro-Water Harvesting and Soil Amendment Increase Grain Yields of Barley on a Heavy-Textured Alkaline Sodic Soil in a Rainfed Mediterranean Environment

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11040713 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 713

Author(s):

Edward G. Barrett-Lennard ◽

Rushna Munir ◽

Dana Mulvany ◽

Laine Williamson ◽

Glen Riethmuller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Solution ◽

Elemental Sulfur ◽

Root Zone ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Barley Grain ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Water Harvesting ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Salt Leaching

This paper focuses on the adverse effects of soil sodicity and alkalinity on the growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in a rainfed environment in south-western Australia. These conditions cause the accumulation of salt (called ‘transient salinity’) in the root zone, which decreases the solute potential of the soil solution, particularly at the end of the growing season as the soil dries. We hypothesized that two approaches could help overcome this stress: (a) improved micro-water harvesting at the soil surface, which would help maintain soil hydration, decreasing the salinity of the soil solution, and (b) soil amelioration using small amounts of gypsum, elemental sulfur or gypsum plus elemental sulfur, which would ensure greater salt leaching. In our experiments, improved micro-water harvesting was achieved using a tillage technique consisting of exaggerated mounds between furrows and the covering of these mounds with plastic sheeting. The combination of the mounds and the application of a low rate of gypsum in the furrow (50 kg ha−1) increased yields of barley grain by 70% in 2019 and by 57% in 2020, relative to a control treatment with conventional tillage, no plastic sheeting and no amendment. These increases in yield were related to changes in ion concentrations in the soil and to changes in apparent electrical conductivity measured with the EM38.

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Concentration of injetion solution and its effects on soil and on yield of fertirrigated banana cv. Terra Maranhão

Engenharia Agrícola ◽

10.1590/s0100-69162014000600007 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 1104-1113 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eugênio F. Coelho ◽

Torquato M. de Andrade Neto ◽

Damiana L. Barros

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Soil Solution ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Urea Concentration ◽

Injection Solution ◽

Combined Application ◽

Saturation Extract ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Micro Irrigation

The Fertigation is the combined application of water and nutrients to a crop. It can be adapted to all types of agricultural crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of urea concentration in irrigation water on electrical conductivity of the soil solution and saturation extract along the first cycle of banana cv. Terra Maranhão. The experiment followed a completely randomized design with six treatments and ten replications. Treatments regarded for using three urea concentrations (1.0; 2.5 and 4.0 g L-1) in irrigation water applied by two micro irrigation systems (microsprinkler and drip). Results showed that there was a linear elevation of electrical conductivity of saturation extract and soil solution with the increase on concentration of urea in the injection solution. Urea should be used under concentrations up to 2.5 g L-1 in irrigation water without causing increase on electric conductivity of soil solution and saturation extract, considering 1.1 dS m-1 as the tolerated value for the crop. Nitrate in the soil solution increased significantly with the increase of urea concentration in the injection solution. The maximum concentration of nitrate in the soil occurred for 4,0 g L-1 concentration of the injection solution.

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Attributes of irrigated rice and soil solution as affected by salinity levels of the water layer

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832010000400005 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 1049-1057 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Thiago Isquierdo Fraga ◽

Felipe de Campos Carmona ◽

Ibanor Anghinoni ◽

Elio Marcolin

Keyword(s):

Soil Solution ◽

Water Layer ◽

Vegetative Stage ◽

Patos Lagoon ◽

Irrigated Rice ◽

Flooded Rice ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Growth Attributes ◽

Water Transpiration ◽

Over Time

In the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, flooded rice fields using Patos Lagoon as the source of water for irrigation are subject to be damaged by salinity, since this source is bound to the sea on its southern end. The sensitivity of rice is variable during plant development, being higher in the seedling and reproductive periods. However, there is not enough information about the behavior of plants under salt stress during the course of its development, especially in the vegetative stage. This study evaluated the effect of different levels of salinity of irrigation water on the salinity of soil solution over time and on some plant attributes, during the vegetative stage of rice. The study was conducted in a greenhouse, where seeds of the variety IRGA 424 were sown in pots and irrigated with water with electrical conductivity (ECi) levels of: 0.3, 0.75, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 dS m-1; from the tillering initiation (V4) until the panicle initiation (PI). The evaluations made were the electrical conductiviy of soil solution (ECe), the dry biomass of plants and stems, tillering, height and the transpiration of plants. The ECe increased with the ECi over time, and was determined by water transpiration flux in pots. The ECe values at the end of the experiment were high and, in most cases, higher than the critical values for flooded rice. The growth attributes of rice were negatively affected from ECi of 2.0 dS m-1 and ECe of 4.0 dS m-1.

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MORPHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF FALL IRRIGATED MAIZE INTERCROPPED WITH TROPICAL FORAGES

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2017v22n3p512-529 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 512-529

Author(s):

Francisco Cézar Belchor Lages Pereira ◽

Luiz Malcolm Mano de Mello ◽

Cristiano Magalhães Pariz ◽

Veridiana Zocoler de Mendonça ◽

Élcio Hiroyoshi Yano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Zea Mays ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Nitrogen Yield ◽

Land Use Efficiency ◽

Guinea Grass ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Tropical Forages ◽

Caixa Postal ◽

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MORPHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF FALL IRRIGATED MAIZE INTERCROPPED WITH TROPICAL FORAGES FRANCISCO CÉZAR BELCHOR LAGES PEREIRA1; LUIZ MALCOLM MANO DE MELLO2; CRISTIANO MAGALHÃES PARIZ3; VERIDIANA ZOCOLER DE MENDONÇA4; ÉLCIO HIROYOSHI YANO2; ELKA ELICE VASCO DE MIRANDA5; CARLOS ALEXANDRE COSTA CRUSCIOL6 E JORGE MARTINELLI MARTELLO7 1 Engenheiro Agrônomo. Mestre em Agronomia na Especialidade de Sistemas de Produção. Faculdade de Engenharia (FE/UNESP – Campus de Ilha Solteira). Avenida Brasil 56, Centro, Caixa Postal 31, CEP: 15.385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP - Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] Engenheiro Agrônomo. Professor do Departamento de Fitossanidade, Engenharia Rural e Solos. Faculdade de Engenharia (FE/UNESP – Campus de Ilha Solteira). Avenida Brasil 56, Centro, Caixa Postal 31, CEP: 15.385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP - Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Zootecnista. Pós-Doutorando em Zootecnia na Especialidade de Avaliação, Produção e Conservação de Forragens. Departamento de Melhoramento e Nutrição Animal. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ/UNESP – Campus de Botucatu). Distrito de Rubião Júnior, s/n, Caixa Postal 560, CEP: 18.618-970, Botucatu, SP - Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] Engenheira Agrônoma. Doutoranda em Agronomia na Especialidade de Energia na Agricultura. Departamento de Horticultura. Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA/UNESP – Campus de Botucatu). Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1.780, CEP: 18.610-307, Botucatu, SP - Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] Engenheira Agrônoma. Professora da Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS) – Campus de Glória de Dourados. Cidade Universitária de Dourados, Caixa Postal 351, Jardim América, CEP: 79.804-970, Dourados, MS - Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] Engenheiro Agrônomo. Professor do Departamento de Produção e Melhoramento Vegetal. Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA/UNESP – Campus de Botucatu). Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, Fazenda Lageado, CEP: 18.610-307, Botucatu, SP - Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] Engenheiro Agrônomo. Doutorando em Agronomia na Especialidade de Energia na Agricultura. Departamento de Produção e Melhoramento Vegetal. Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA/UNESP – Campus de Botucatu). Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1.780, CEP: 18.610-307, Botucatu, SP - Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]. 1 ABSTRACT Fall irrigated maize intercropped with tropical forages can raise the amount of crop residues and relative nitrogen yield and improve land use efficiency without decreasing grain yield. The aim was to evaluate the effect of modalities of fall-irrigated maize (Zea mays L.) intercropped with tropical forages on the components of production, grain, straw and relative nitrogen yield, competitive factors in the intercrop and land use efficiency, in no-till (NT) system in the lowland Brazilian Cerrado. A randomized complete block experimental design was used in a 4×3+1 factorial arrangement with one control treatment, constituting 13 treatments, with four replications (n=4). The treatments comprised four tropical forages intercropped with maize: palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu), congo grass (Urochloa ruziziensis), and the guinea grass cultivars Tanzânia and Áries (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia and Áries); three intercropping modalities: forage sown simultaneously in the maize rows, mixed with fertilizer; forage sown (broadcast) on the same day as maize sowing; and forage sown, mixed with top-dressed fertilizer, at the V4 stage of maize; and one control treatment (maize monoculture). Regardless of the type of tropical forage and intercropping modality, intercropping exhibited minimum competition between crops and did not interfere on the yield components and grain yield of fall-irrigated maize. In addition, it increased the amount of straw, and improved land use efficiency and relative nitrogen yield in comparison to mono-cropped maize. The best options were congo grass sown simultaneously in the maize rows and guinea grass cv. Tanzânia and guinea grass cv. Áries sown broadcast on total area, as they raised the shoot dry matter of maize and forage and land equivalent ratio. Congo grass sown simultaneously in the maize rows also raised the relative nitrogen yield. Keywords: lowland Brazilian Cerrado, Panicum, Urochloa, Zea Mays L.PEREIRA, F. C. L. B.; MELLO, L. M. M.; PARIZ, C. M.; MENDONÇA, V. Z.; YANO, E. H.; MIRANDA, E. E. V.; CRUSCIOL, C. A. C.; MARTELLO, J. M.AVALIAÇÃO MORFOLÓGICA DO CONSÓRCIO DE MILHO OUTONAL IRRIGADO COM FORRAGEIRAS TROPICAIS 2 RESUMO O consórcio de milho outonal irrigado com forrageiras tropicais, pode elevar a quantidade de palhada e a produtividade relativa de nitrogênio, além de melhorar a eficiência de uso da terra, sem reduzir a produtividade de grãos. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de modalidades de implantação do consórcio de milho outonal irrigado com forrageiras tropicais sobre os componentes da produção, a produtividade relativa de nitrogênio, grãos e palhada, os fatoresde competição no consórcio e a eficiência de uso da terra, sob sistema plantio direto no Cerrado de baixa altitude. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial (4×3+1) com uma testemunha, constituindo 13 tratamentos com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por quatro forrageiras: capim-marandu, capim-ruziziensis, capim-tanzânia e capim-áries; e três modalidades de consórcio das forrageiras com o milho: forrageira semeada simultaneamente na linha de semeadura, misturada com o adubo; forrageira semeada simultaneamente a lanço em área total no mesmo dia da semeadura do milho; e forrageira semeada a lanço misturada ao adubo de cobertura no estádio V4 do milho; e uma testemunha constituída pelo cultivo exclusivo do milho. Independente da forrageira e da modalidade de semeadura, o consórcio proporcionou mínima competição entre as culturas e não interfere nos componentes da produção e na produtividade de grãos de milho outonal irrigado, além de elevar a quantidade de palhada, melhorar a eficiência de uso da terra e a produtividade relativa de nitrogênio, em relação ao cultivo exclusivo do milho. Palavras-chave: Cerrado de baixa altitude, Panicum, Urochloa, Zea Mays L.

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Changes in the Content of Soil Phosphorus after its Application into Chernozem and Haplic Luvisol and the Effect on Yields of Barley Biomass

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun201664051603 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. 1603-1608 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tomáš Lošák ◽

Jaroslav Hlušek ◽

Ivana Lampartová ◽

Jakub Elbl ◽

Gabriela Mühlbachová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aboveground Biomass ◽

Phosphorus Content ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Acid Soil ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Soil Reaction ◽

Soil P ◽

Low Phosphorus ◽

P Rate

The pot experiment was established in vegetation hall in the year 2015. Spring barley, variety KWS Irina, was grown. Two different soils – chernozem from Brno (with a low phosphorus content and alkali soil reaction – 7.37) and haplic luvisol from Jaroměřice nad Rokytnou (with a high phosphorus content and slightly acid soil reaction – 6.01) were used for comparison. The rates of phosphorus in the form of triple superphosphate (45 % P2O5) were increased from 0.3 – 0.6 – 1.2 g per pot (5 kg of soil – Mitscherlich pots). Nitrogen was applied in the form of CAN (27 % N) at a rate of 1 g N per pot in all the treatments incl. the control. Using statistical analysis, significant differences were found between the two soil types both in terms of the postharvest soil P content and yields of aboveground biomass. The content of post‑harvest soil phosphorus increased significantly with the applied rate (96 – 141 – 210 mg/kg in chernozem and 128 – 179 – 277 mg/kg in haplic luvisol). Dry matter yields of the aboveground biomass grown on chernozem were the lowest in the control treatment not fertilised with P (38.97 g per pot) and increased significantly with the P rate applied (46.02 – 47.28 g per pot), although there were no significant differences among the fertilised treatments. On haplic luvisol phosphorus fertilisation was not seen at all, demonstrating that the weight of the biomass in all the treatments was balanced (48.12 – 49.63 g per pot).

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Is it possible to estimate longevity through the analyses used to measure the initial physiological potential in soybean seeds?

Journal of Seed Science ◽

10.1590/2317-1545v43249697 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

Author(s):

Thiago Barbosa Batista ◽

Samara Moreira Perissato ◽

Carlos Henrique Queiroz Rego ◽

Gustavo Roberto Fonseca de Oliveira ◽

Fernando Augusto Henning ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Accelerated Aging ◽

Storage Period ◽

High Potential ◽

Seed Longevity ◽

Soybean Seeds ◽

Radicle Protrusion ◽

Over Time

Abstract: The analysis of longevity can support decisions about the length of seed lot storage until commercialization, since this characteristic implies the maintenance of viability over time. Seed longevity is analyzed by the p50 test, which expresses the time to lose 50% of the initial viability. Seeds with high vigor and germination have greater physiological potential and, thus, a greater capacity to maintain quality throughout the storage period. However, there has been little research on the correlations between the analysis of p50 (longevity) and the tests used to measure physiological potential (germination and vigor) of lots, which can be used as a tool to make inferences about longevity using the most traditional tests. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate which tests used to measure the potential of lots can estimate p50. To this end, germination and vigor were evaluated using traditional tests while longevity was assessed in eight soybean seed lots. Correlations and linear regression were tested for the traditional variables versus p50. It was found that the use of accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, and time to 50% radicle protrusion has high potential to estimate longevity as measured by p50.

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