scholarly journals Response of Milling and Appearance Quality of Rice with Good Eating Quality to Temperature and Solar Radiation in Lower Reaches of Huai River

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Nianbing Zhou ◽  
Haiyan Wei ◽  
Hongcheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
National Standard ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Appearance Quality ◽  
Huai River

The effects of temperature and solar radiation on milling and appearance quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were evaluated to find the optimal temperature and solar radiation for optimizing milling and appearance quality of rice in the lower reaches of Huai River. Field experiments were conducted with two medium-maturing japonica soft rice varieties (SMR), two late-maturing japonica soft rice varieties (SLR) and two late-maturing japonica non-soft rice varieties (LR) as experimental materials. Seeds were sown on 10 May (T1), 17 May (T2), 24 May (T3), 31 May (T4), 7 June (T5), 14 June (T6), and 21 June (T7) in 2017 and 2018. Compared with solar radiation, temperature was the main environmental factor affecting the milling and appearance quality of rice in the lower reaches of Huai River. Under the condition of ensuring relatively high-yield, the milling quality of SMR and SLR can reach the second grade of China’s national standard of high quality paddy. The mean daily temperature (Tmean) range were 20.2–22.7 °C and 20.4–22.0 °C respectively. The temperature range for LR to obtain a relatively high-yield, good milling and appearance quality was 20.4–20.7 °C. The optimal sowing dates of SMR, SLR and LR were 15 May to 1 June, 15 May to 20 May and 15 May to 20 May, respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of Main Meteorological Indicators on Eating Quality of Rice in Lower Reaches of the Huai River

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 618
Author(s):  
Nianbing Zhou ◽  
Qiang Shi ◽  
Haiyan Wei ◽  
Hongcheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Amylose Content ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Daily Temperature ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Huai River ◽  
The Mean

The main meteorological indicators affecting the eating quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the lower reaches of Huai river were studied and the optimal sowing time range for obtaining good eating quality was put forward. Compared with solar radiation, rainfall, and humidity, temperature is the primary meteorological factor affecting the eating quality of rice in the lower reaches of the Huai river. Sowing the rice on different dates altered the heading and maturity dates of rice, and the difference between the mean daily temperature (Tmean) from the heading to maturity stage reached 4.6–5.0 °C. The Tmean from heading to maturity for all treatments was less than 23.5 °C. When the temperature was lower than 20.2 °C during the grain filling period, the value of the comprehensive evaluation of eating quality (CEQ) of the three types of rice decreased significantly. The medium-maturing japonica soft rice varieties (SMR), late-maturing japonica soft rice varieties (SLR), and late-maturing japonica non-soft rice varieties (LR) varieties that were subjected to low temperatures had a higher amylose content and protein content. Overall, the eating quality of rice in the lower reaches of the Huai river was affected by the low Tmean after the heading stage. The mean daily temperature (Tmean) range from the heading to maturity stages of SMR, SLR, and LR varieties that produced relatively high CEQ were 20.2–23.3 °C, 20.2–22.1 °C, and 20.3–22.1 °C, respectively. The optimal sowing date ranges of SMR, SLR, and LR were May 16 to June 1, May 16 to May 18, and May 16 to May 20, respectively.

scholarly journals Physical and Milling Quality of Milled Rice in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Mahargono Kobarsih ◽  
Siti Dewi Indrasari
Keyword(s):  
High Yield ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Milled Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Quality ◽  
Milling Quality ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Pigmented Rice ◽  
Local Cultivar

More than 250 rice varieties are grown in Indonesia from new superior varieties and local varieties with aromatic, non-aromatic aromas and pigmented rice. Rice quality is one factor that must be considered in addition to high productivity. Generally, the quality of grain and rice quality in Indonesia have met the quality standards set based on SNI 0224-1987/SPI-TAN/01/01/1993 and SNI 6128:2020. Ricequality is determined by several factors such as grain appearance, nutritional value, cooking and eating quality and become one of the foremost considerations for rice buyers. Such information can be utilized as basic data of character of genetic resources on assembling of new superior varieties by rice breeders. Those information can be used as a descriptive information for farmers and rice productivity, high yield, and better rice quality. Good quality local cultivar can be used as parents for the formation of new superior varieties.

scholarly journals FLOURY ENDOSPERM19 encoding a class I glutamine amidotransferase affects grain quality in rice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangming Lou ◽  
Pingli Chen ◽  
Hao Zhou ◽  
Pingbo Li ◽  
Jiawang Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Class I ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Quality ◽  
Appearance Quality ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Glutamine Amidotransferase

Abstract As a staple food for more than half of the world’s population, the importance of rice is self-evident. Compared with ordinary rice, rice cultivars with superior eating quality and appearance quality are more popular with consumers due to its unique taste and ornamental value, even if their price is much higher. Appearance quality and CEQ (cooking and eating quality) are two very important aspects in the evaluation of rice quality. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study on chalkiness rate in a diverse panel of 533 cultivated rice accessions. We identified a batch of potential chalky genes and prioritize one (LOC_Os03g48060) for functional analyses. Two floury outer endosperm mutants (flo19-1 and flo19-2) were generated through editing LOC_Os03g48060 (named as FLO19 in this study), which encodes a class I glutamine amidotransferase. The different performance of the two mutants in various storage substances directly led to completely different changes in CEQ. The mutation of FLO19 gene caused the damage of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in rice, which affected the normal growth and development of rice, including decreased plant height and yield loss by decreased grain filling rate. Through haplotype analysis, we identified a haplotype of FLO19 that can improve both CEQ and appearance quality of rice, Hap2, which provides a selection target for rice quality improvement, especially for high-yield indica rice varieties.

scholarly journals Improved Rice Technology Adoption: The Role of Spatially-Dependent Risk Preference

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
Omotuyole Isiaka Ambali ◽  
Francisco Jose Areal ◽  
Nikolaos Georgantzis
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Risk Preferences ◽  
Risk Preference ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Risk Attitudes ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Rice Varieties

This study analyses farmers’ adoption of improved rice technology, taking into account farmers’ risk preferences; the unobserved spatial heterogeneity associated with farmers’ risk preferences; farmers’ household and farm characteristics; farm locations, farmers’ access to information, and their perceptions on the rice improved varieties (i.e., high yield varieties, HYV). The study used data obtained from field experiments and a survey conducted in 2016 in Nigeria. An instrumental-variable probit model was estimated to account for potential endogenous farmers’ risk preference in the adoption decision model. Results show that risk averse (risk avoidant) farmers are less likely to adopt HYV, with the spatial lags of farmers’ risk attitudes found to be a good instrument for spatially unobserved variables (e.g., environmental and climatic factors). We conclude that studies supporting policy action aiming at the diffusion of improved rice varieties need to collect information, if possible, on farmers’ risk attitudes, local environmental and climatic conditions (e.g., climatic, topographic, soil quality, pest incidence) in order to ease the design and evaluation of policy actions on the adoption of improved agricultural technology.

Breeding for Improving Human Nutrition and Grain Quality through Biofortification of Traditional Land Races and Improved Cultivars in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2017 ◽  
pp. 126-148
Author(s):  
P. Savitha ◽  
R. Usha Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
The Family ◽  
Iron And Zinc

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) which belongs to the family poaceae, is the life and the prince among cereals as this unique grain helps to sustain two thirds of the world's population. India have traditionally been used or rice cultivation due to availability of water and conductive soil (Nadesa panic). Rice was grown in 155.30 million hectares and around 600 million tonnes of rice harvested each year globally. About 114 countries produce rice with China and India supporting 50 per cent of total production. India stands first in area under cultivation (41.85 mha) and ranks second in production, where as China ranks first in production with just half of the area. India's production is 89.13 million tonnes with a productivity of 2130 kg/ha. Among the rice producing states of India, Tamil Nadu ranks sixth in production (6.53 million tonnes) and second in productivity of 3918 kg/ha with an area of 20.16 lakh ha (Season and Crop Report, 2012). Local farmers in such farming systems retain the traditional varieties based on their knowledge of the quality of the rice varieties and their adaptation to varying agro-ecological situations created by diverse seasons and land situations (Tapasi das & Ashesh Kumar Das, 2014). Among the major micronutrient deficiencies common in rice consuming countries, iron and zinc deficiencies (“hidden hunger”), affect over three billion people worldwide, mostly in developing countries (Welch & Graham, 2004).

scholarly journals Phosphorus and Zinc Fertilization Improve Zinc Biofortification in Grains and Straw of Coarse vs. Fine Rice Genotypes

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1155
Author(s):  
Amanullah ◽  
Inamullah ◽  
Mona S. Alwahibi ◽  
Mohamed Soliman Elshikh ◽  
Jawaher Alkahtani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
The Impact

Continuous cropping of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) deplete soil fertility and reduce crop productivity as well as zinc (Zn) concentrations in rice grains and straw. Low Zn concentrations in rice grains have a negative impact on human health, while low Zn concertation in rice straw creates a nutritional problem for animals. The current high yielding rice varieties and hybrids remove large quantities of Zn from the soils, lowering the residual concentrations of soil Zn for the subsequent crop (e.g., wheat). Field experiments were conducted on farmers field in Malakand with the objective to evaluate the impact of various combinations of phosphorus (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha−1) and Zn levels (0, 5, 10, and 15 kg ha−1) on biofortification of Zn in grains and straw of rice genotypes [fine (Bamati-385) vs. coarse (Fakhre-e-Malakand and Pukhraj)]. The results revealed that Zn biofortification in rice genotypes increased with the integrated use of both nutrients (P + Zn) when applied at higher rates (80 and 120 kg P ha−1, and 10 and 15 kg Zn ha−1, respectively). The biofortification of Zn in both grains and straw was higher in the coarse than fine rice genotypes (Pukhraj > Fakhre-e-Malakand > Basmati-385). It was concluded from this study that the application of higher P and Zn levels increased Zn contents in rice parts (grains and straw) under the rice-wheat system. We also concluded from this study that Zn concentrations in rice grains and straw are influenced by plant genetic factors and Zn management practices.

scholarly journals Yield, Grain Quality and Eating Quality of New and Old Rice Varieties in the Tohoku Region of Japan

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Akira Fukushima ◽  
Hisatoshi Ohta ◽  
Narifumi Yokogami ◽  
Naoto Tsuda
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Rice Varieties

scholarly journals Effect of tidal submergence on potassium nutrition and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-439
Author(s):  
MA Haque
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Potassium Nutrition ◽  
Tidal Water ◽  
Absolute Control

Field experiments were conducted at Patuakhali Science and Technology University research farm during 2009 T. Aman season to investigate the effect of tidal submergence on potassium nutrition and yield of rice. The experiment included two levels of irrigation water source- i) tidal water and ii) ground water, and three levels of fertilizers- i) absolute control (no fertilizer), ii) NP (K omission), and iii) NPK (K addition). The rice varieties were BR23 (HYV) and Lalmota (traditional variety). A general increase in growth, yield and yield contributing parameters were found due to irrigation with tidal water. Tidal water contributed about 19% (BR23) and 11% (Lalmota) higher grain yield in Aman season 2009 compared to that grown with ground water. Potassium contents of rice grain and straw were always higher when plants are irrigated with tidal water. In general, tidal submergence increased K uptake of rice. The K uptake by BR23 under tidal water was about 47, 43 and 8 kg/ha more than those recorded with ground water irrigation under absolute control, K omission and K addition treatments, respectively whereas it was 31, 21, and 68 kg/ha, in Lalmota. The results indicated that whether fertilizers were applied or not plants absorb considerable amount of K from tidal water. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(3): 433-439, September 2012 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i3.12086

scholarly journals Growth parameters and yield attributing characters of PR-118 (V1) and PR-116 (V2) varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) as influenced by different planting methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 755-762
Author(s):  
Amandeep Kaur ◽  
L. K. Dhaliwal
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Planting Method

Field experiments were conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab) to study the effect of different agronomic aspects of bed planting on growth and yield of rice during Kharif seasons of 2012 and 2013. The 30 days old seedlings of both rice varieties PR-118 (V1) and PR-116 (V2) were transplanted on 15th June (D1), 30th June (D2) and 15th July (D3). The two rice varieties were transplanted under bed planting (M1) and conventional planting (M2) methods respectively. The results showed that growth parameters like number of tillers per plant, dry weight per plant leaf area index (LAI) and plant height were significantly higher in bed planting than conventional method. In bed planting method, grain yield of rice (48.82q/h) was found to be more than the conventional method (35.74 q/h) during 2012.Varieties PR-118 yielded 47.61q/h more than PR-116 (39.97 q/h) in bed planting. Yield contributing characters like number of effective tillers, number of grains per plant and 1000-grain weight of rice were more in bed planting than conventional method. Harvest index and biological yield was also found to be more in bed planting method than conventional planting. Rice transplanted on 15th June yielded (50.15q/h) more than 30th June (41.45q/h) and 15th July (35.27q/h). Similar results were found in Kharif 2013. Interaction between dates of transplanting and varieties and between varieties and planting methods were found significant.

scholarly journals Identification of fgr gene and preliminary evaluation for agronomic traits of pandan sticky rice variety (Oryza sativa L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Toan D. Pham
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Fgr Gene

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important food crop in Vietnam particularly in the Mekong Delta. Screening of good quality and high yield rice varieties are needed for rice production in Vietnam. The purpose of this study was to use molecular techniques to identify fgr gene and to evaluate preliminarily agronomic traits of pandan sticky rice variety. The results showed that this variety contained fgr gene. The fragrant allele was amplified by ESP - IFAP primers with a product of 255 bp in size. Similarly, evaluation of agronomic traits showed that the pandan sticky rice variety displayed many desirable characteristics such as plant height of 108 cm, panicle length of 25.6 cm, seed/panicle 135, 100-grain weight 2.07 g, pandan smell, level 2 of alkali digestion, gel consistency 93 mm. These results were useful information and could be applied for improving and providing pandan sticky rice variety for rice production.

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