Comparison of the Impact of Different Types of nZVI on Lolium westerwoldicum

Increasing environmental pollution causes the search for new methods of purification. Currently, the remediation potential of nanoparticles is increasingly being studied. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of data on the impact of these compounds on living organisms, including plants. This study was designed to test the effects of nanoFER 25 and nanoFER 25S iron on Lolium westerwoldicum Breakw. After cultivation of plants in a soil contaminated with nanoparticles, the biometric parameters, content of polyphenols, flavonoids, chlorophyll changes, carotenoids, anthocyanins, superoxide dismutase, catalase and pyrogallol peroxidase were studied. The conducted experiment showed that nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) is slightly taken from the soil to the plants. The iron passes to the root but there is no further transport up the plant. The content of polyphenols and flavonoids in aboveground parts of plants decreases with a simultaneous increase in roots compared to the control sample. The chlorophyll content in the leaves is strongly related to the concentration of the contaminant. Similarly, the enzyme activity of the antioxidant system in the whole plant is strongly related to the concentration of the pollutant. The amount of vegetable pigments in the leaves increases for low concentrations of contamination and then decreases at higher levels of contamination. The study has shown that both types of nanoFER are not indifferent to the plants’ growth.

Download Full-text

FEATURES OF CONTROL OVER INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS PROJECTS WHICH ARE REMOTELY

International scientific journal Internauka Series Economical Sciences ◽

10.25313/2520-2294-2021-3-7063 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Valentyna Yukhno ◽

◽

Irina Privarnikova ◽

Keyword(s):

Remote Control ◽

International Business ◽

Economic Literature ◽

Empirical Observation ◽

New Methods ◽

Different Types ◽

Analysis And Synthesis ◽

Pros And Cons ◽

Project Location ◽

The Impact

With the development of international activities of many companies, the question arises how to effectively organize control over international business projects. The difficulty of this control is due to the distance between the company's headquarters and foreign business projects. This study shows the features of the organization of remote control of international business projects by optimizing for their own needs different concepts, methods, types, approaches, stages, models, types of remote control, explores the pros and cons of remote control in different ways, the impact of cultural features on the implementation of remote control. Originality / value. The article analyzes when companies need to apply remote control, ways to improve remote control, compares the concept of remote control by international business projects, substantiates the feasibility of using different types of control (preliminary, current and final), offers new methods of remote control, analyzes different approaches to control , the stages of formation of the model of remote control over international business projects are investigated, the types of remote control and characteristics of companies and business projects are characterized, the involvement of different in detail, degree of coverage, frequency of control methods to optimize control of business projects is analyzed. remote control of the cultural characteristics of the host country (project location) and country of origin. Materials and methods. Theoretical materials of the organization of remote control are investigated and analyzed: economic literature (manuals and textbooks), scientific works (articles and theses). Different research methods were used: theoretical (material analysis and synthesis, generalization and explanation, classification, etc.), empirical (observation and description), systemic and functional.

Download Full-text

Impact of Nanoscale Magnetite and Zero Valent Iron on the Batch-Wise Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Food Waste and Waste-Activated Sludge

Water ◽

10.3390/w12051283 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1283 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ghada Kassab ◽

Dima Khater ◽

Fadwa Odeh ◽

Khaldoun Shatanawi ◽

Maha Halalsheh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methane Production ◽

Iron Nanoparticles ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Zero Valent Iron ◽

Production Yield ◽

Iron Particles ◽

Magnetite Fe3o4 ◽

Different Types ◽

Nano Zero Valent Iron ◽

The Impact

As a potential approach for enhanced energy generation from anaerobic digestion, iron-based conductive nanoparticles have been proposed to enhance the methane production yield and rate. In this study, the impact of two different types of iron nanoparticles, namely the nano-zero-valent-iron particles (NZVIs) and magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) was investigated, using batch test under mesophilic conditions (35 °C). Magnetite NPs have been applied in doses of 25, 50 and 80 mg/L, corresponding to 13.1, 26.2 and 41.9 mg magnetite NPs/gTS of substrate, respectively. The results reveal that supplementing anaerobic batches with magnetite NPs at a dose of 25 mg/L induces an insignificant effect on hydrolysis and methane production. However, incubation with 50 and 80 mg/L magnetite NPs have instigated comparable positive impact with hydrolysis percentages reaching approximately 95% compared to 63% attained in control batches, in addition to a 50% enhancement in methane production yield. A biodegradability percentage of 94% was achieved with magnetite NP doses of 50 and 80 mg/L, compared to only 62.7% obtained with control incubation. NZVIs were applied in doses of 20, 40 and 60 mg/L, corresponding to 10.8, 21.5 and 32.2 mg NZVIs/gTS of substrate, respectively. The results have shown that supplementing anaerobic batches with NZVIs revealed insignificant impact, most probably due to the agglomeration of NZVI particles and consequently the reduction in available surface area, making the applied doses insufficient for measurable effect.

Download Full-text

The Dark Side of Platinum Based Cytostatic Drugs: From Detection to Removal

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9111873 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1873

Author(s):

Yessica Roque-Diaz ◽

Martina Sanadar ◽

Dong Han ◽

Montserrat López-Mesas ◽

Manuel Valiente ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effects ◽

Transformation Products ◽

Dark Side ◽

Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽

Cytostatic Drugs ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Cytostatic Compounds ◽

Living Organisms ◽

A Minor ◽

The Impact

The uncontrolled release of pharmaceutical drugs into the environment raised serious concerns in the last decades as they can potentially exert adverse effects on living organisms even at the low concentrations at which they are typically found. Among them, platinum based cytostatic drugs (Pt CDs) are among the most used drugs in cancer treatments which are administered via intravenous infusion and released partially intact or as transformation products. In this review, the studies on environmental occurrence, transformation, potential ecotoxicity, and possible treatment for the removal of platinum cytostatic compounds are revised. The analysis of the literature highlighted the generally low total platinum concentration values (from a few tens of ng L−1 to a few hundred μg L−1) found in hospital effluents. Additionally, several studies highlighted how hospitals are sources of a minor fraction of the total Pt CDs found in the environment due to the slow excretion rate which is longer than the usual treatment durations. Only some data about the impact of the exposure to low levels of Pt CDs on the health of flora and fauna are present in literature. In some cases, adverse effects have been shown to occur in living organisms, even at low concentrations. Further ecotoxicity data are needed to support or exclude their chronic effects on the ecosystem. Finally, fundamental understanding is required on the platinum drugs removal by MBR, AOPs, technologies, and adsorption.

Download Full-text

Synergistic health effects between chemical pollutants and electromagnetic fields

Reviews on Environmental Health ◽

10.1515/reveh-2015-0028 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Gérard Ledoigt ◽

Chaima Sta ◽

Eric Goujon ◽

Dalila Souguir ◽

Ezzeddine El Ferjani

Keyword(s):

Electromagnetic Fields ◽

Transformation Products ◽

Parent Molecule ◽

Photochemical Process ◽

Chemical Risk Assessment ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Metal Trace Elements ◽

Living Organisms ◽

The Impact ◽

By Products

AbstractHumans and ecosystems are exposed to highly variable and unknown cocktail of chemicals and radiations. Although individual chemicals are typically present at low concentrations, they can interact with each other resulting in additive or potentially synergistic mixture effects. This was also observed with products obtained by radiation actions such as sunlight or electromagnetic fields that can change the effects of chemicals, such as pesticides, and metal trace elements on health. Concomitant presence of various pesticides and their transformation products adds further complexity to chemical risk assessment since chronic inflammation is a key step for cancer promotion. Degradation of a parent molecule can produce several by-products which can trigger various toxic effects with different impacts on health and environment. For instance, the cocktail of sunlight irradiated sulcotrione pesticide has a greater cytotoxicity and genotoxicity than parent molecule, sulcotrione, and questions about the impact of photochemical process on environment. Adjuvants were shown to modify the biological features of pesticides. Addition of other elements, metals or biological products, can differently enhance cell toxicity of pesticides or electromagnetic radiations suggesting a synergy in living organisms. Electromagnetic fields spreading, pesticide by-products and mixtures monitoring become greater for environmental contamination evaluations.

Download Full-text

Quota Women Are Threatening to Men

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024/1421-0185/a000195 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 76 (3) ◽

pp. 107-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Klea Faniko ◽

Till Burckhardt ◽

Oriane Sarrasin ◽

Fabio Lorenzi-Cioldi ◽

Siri Øyslebø Sørensen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Organizational Performance ◽

Gender Stereotypes ◽

Perceived Threat ◽

Preferential Treatment ◽

Public Sector Employees ◽

Different Types ◽

Low Levels ◽

Women In Decision Making ◽

The Impact

Abstract. Two studies carried out among Albanian public-sector employees examined the impact of different types of affirmative action policies (AAPs) on (counter)stereotypical perceptions of women in decision-making positions. Study 1 (N = 178) revealed that participants – especially women – perceived women in decision-making positions as more masculine (i.e., agentic) than feminine (i.e., communal). Study 2 (N = 239) showed that different types of AA had different effects on the attribution of gender stereotypes to AAP beneficiaries: Women benefiting from a quota policy were perceived as being more communal than agentic, while those benefiting from weak preferential treatment were perceived as being more agentic than communal. Furthermore, we examined how the belief that AAPs threaten men’s access to decision-making positions influenced the attribution of these traits to AAP beneficiaries. The results showed that men who reported high levels of perceived threat, as compared to men who reported low levels of perceived threat, attributed more communal than agentic traits to the beneficiaries of quotas. These findings suggest that AAPs may have created a backlash against its beneficiaries by emphasizing gender-stereotypical or counterstereotypical traits. Thus, the framing of AAPs, for instance, as a matter of enhancing organizational performance, in the process of policy making and implementation, may be a crucial tool to countering potential backlash.

Download Full-text

The impact of biometric parameters of a hydromacrophyte habitat on the structure of zooplankton communities in various types of small water bodies

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies ◽

10.2478/v10009-009-0026-4 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Natalia Kuczyńska-Kippen ◽

Barbara Nagengast ◽

Tomasz Joniak

Keyword(s):

Water Bodies ◽

Small Water ◽

Biometric Parameters ◽

Zooplankton Communities ◽

The Impact ◽

Small Water Bodies

The impact of biometric parameters of a hydromacrophyte habitat on the structure of zooplankton communities in various types of small water bodies

Download Full-text

Development of Strategies for Glycopeptide Synthesis: An Overview on the Glycosidic Linkage

Current Organic Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1385272824999200701121037 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (21) ◽

pp. 2475-2497

Author(s):

Andrea Verónica Rodríguez-Mayor ◽

German Jesid Peralta-Camacho ◽

Karen Johanna Cárdenas-Martínez ◽

Javier Eduardo García-Castañeda

Keyword(s):

Chemical Synthesis ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Heterogeneous Environments ◽

Phase Synthesis ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Biological Sources ◽

Synthetic Routes ◽

The Impact ◽

Potential Use

Glycoproteins and glycopeptides are an interesting focus of research, because of their potential use as therapeutic agents, since they are related to carbohydrate-carbohydrate, carbohydrate-protein, and carbohydrate-lipid interactions, which are commonly involved in biological processes. It has been established that natural glycoconjugates could be an important source of templates for the design and development of molecules with therapeutic applications. However, isolating large quantities of glycoconjugates from biological sources with the required purity is extremely complex, because these molecules are found in heterogeneous environments and in very low concentrations. As an alternative to solving this problem, the chemical synthesis of glycoconjugates has been developed. In this context, several methods for the synthesis of glycopeptides in solution and/or solid-phase have been reported. In most of these methods, glycosylated amino acid derivatives are used as building blocks for both solution and solid-phase synthesis. The synthetic viability of glycoconjugates is a critical parameter for allowing their use as drugs to mitigate the impact of microbial resistance and/or cancer. However, the chemical synthesis of glycoconjugates is a challenge, because these molecules possess multiple reaction sites and have a very specific stereochemistry. Therefore, it is necessary to design and implement synthetic routes, which may involve various protection schemes but can be stereoselective, environmentally friendly, and high-yielding. This review focuses on glycopeptide synthesis by recapitulating the progress made over the last 15 years.

Download Full-text

Situational Breakdowns

10.1093/oso/9780190922061.001.0001 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Anne Nassauer

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Large Scale ◽

Contextual Factors ◽

The United States ◽

Social Outcomes ◽

Dynamic Processes ◽

Collective Decisions ◽

Different Types ◽

The Impact

This book provides an account of how and why routine interactions break down and how such situational breakdowns lead to protest violence and other types of surprising social outcomes. It takes a close-up look at the dynamic processes of how situations unfold and compares their role to that of motivations, strategies, and other contextual factors. The book discusses factors that can draw us into violent situations and describes how and why we make uncommon individual and collective decisions. Covering different types of surprise outcomes from protest marches and uprisings turning violent to robbers failing to rob a store at gunpoint, it shows how unfolding situations can override our motivations and strategies and how emotions and culture, as well as rational thinking, still play a part in these events. The first chapters study protest violence in Germany and the United States from 1960 until 2010, taking a detailed look at what happens between the start of a protest and the eruption of violence or its peaceful conclusion. They compare the impact of such dynamics to the role of police strategies and culture, protesters’ claims and violent motivations, the black bloc and agents provocateurs. The analysis shows how violence is triggered, what determines its intensity, and which measures can avoid its outbreak. The book explores whether we find similar situational patterns leading to surprising outcomes in other types of small- and large-scale events: uprisings turning violent, such as Ferguson in 2014 and Baltimore in 2015, and failed armed store robberies.

Download Full-text

A global analysis of the impact of COVID-19 stay-at-home restrictions on crime

Nature Human Behaviour ◽

10.1038/s41562-021-01139-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amy E. Nivette ◽

Renee Zahnow ◽

Raul Aguilar ◽

Andri Ahven ◽

Shai Amram ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Space ◽

Global Analysis ◽

Sudden Change ◽

Interrupted Time Series ◽

Urban Crime ◽

Substantial Variation ◽

Different Types ◽

Time Series Analyses ◽

The Impact ◽

At Home

AbstractThe stay-at-home restrictions to control the spread of COVID-19 led to unparalleled sudden change in daily life, but it is unclear how they affected urban crime globally. We collected data on daily counts of crime in 27 cities across 23 countries in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East and Asia. We conducted interrupted time series analyses to assess the impact of stay-at-home restrictions on different types of crime in each city. Our findings show that the stay-at-home policies were associated with a considerable drop in urban crime, but with substantial variation across cities and types of crime. Meta-regression results showed that more stringent restrictions over movement in public space were predictive of larger declines in crime.

Download Full-text

Alternative Control of Phragmidium rubi-idaei Infecting Two Rubus Species

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10071452 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1452

Author(s):

Raluca-Maria Pârlici ◽

Aurel Maxim ◽

Stefania Mirela Mang ◽

Ippolito Camele ◽

Lucia Mihalescu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Farming ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Control Sample ◽

Field Tests ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Rust Disease ◽

Conidia Germination ◽

The Impact

Organic berry plantations have been gaining popularity among farmers during recent years. Even so, farmers experience serious challenges in disease control management, which is a concern in organic farming. Phragmidiumrubi-idaei (DC) P. Karst is the pathogen responsible for blackberry and raspberry rust disease, one of the most present and active diseases in plantations. The antifungal certified products found on the organic farming market offer the opportunity for an efficient control strategy over plant pathogens in fruit shrub plantations. In this study, 5 natural based products—namely Altosan, Mimox, Canelys, Zitron, and Zeolite—were tested for their fungistatic effect over P. rubi-idaei. The experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions, performing observations over the impact of organic products, used at different concentration levels, on rust conidia germination. Moreover, field experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the efficiency of different treatments for rust control on raspberry (‘Polka’, ‘Veten’ and ‘Heritage’) and blackberry (‘Thorn Free’, ‘Chester’ and ‘Loch Ness’) varieties. Data analysis based on ANOVA tests showed significant differences between the tested variants and the control sample at p < 0.001. Furthermore, LSD test confirmed differences between all substances tested (p < 0.005). The natural products Canelys (formulated with cinnamon) and Zytron (based on citrus extract) have proven the highest inhibitory capacity for conidia germination during in vitro tests registering values of 80.42% and 78.34%, respectively. The same high inhibitory rates against rust pathogen were kept also in the field tests using the same two natural-based products mentioned earlier. In addition, outcomes from this study demonstrated that Zeolite is not recommended for raspberry or blackberry rust control.

Download Full-text