scholarly journals Effect of Ozonated Fertigation in Pepper Cultivation under Greenhouse Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 544
Author(s):  
Julian Colunje ◽  
Pedro Garcia-Caparros ◽  
Jorge F. Moreira ◽  
María Teresa Lao
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Oxidizing Power ◽  
Pepper Plants

Ozone has a high oxidizing power avoiding the presence of residues, so it is a good candidate for use in organic farming. However, its application in fertigation has been little studied. Two experiments were conducted simultaneously to check the aims of this work. The aim of the first experiment was to study pepper response under the nutrient solution supply and the application of O3 and its interactions, and the aim of the second experiment was to determine the optimal dosage of O3 to be supplied, from the point of view of plant development and nutritional and physiological status in both experiments. We conclude that O3 supply via fertigation increased pepper biomass production. According to the results obtained, we recommend that the optimal dosage of O3 in pepper plants be from 0.18 to 0.36 mg L−1 due to its higher associated biomass production. Under these dosages, pepper plants showed a higher leaf area and higher photosynthetic pigment concentration. Similarly, under these dosages, N, P, and K plant uptake were higher, allowing a higher synthesis of bioassimilates.

scholarly journals Effect of Phosphite on Tomato and Pepper Plants and on Susceptibility of Pepper to Phytophthora Root and Crown Rot in Hydroponic Culture

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 1165-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Förster ◽  
J. E. Adaskaveg ◽  
D. H. Kim ◽  
M. E. Stanghellini
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Phosphorus Nutrition ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Root And Crown Rot ◽  
Pepper Plants

Tomato and pepper plants were grown hydroponically in a greenhouse using phosphate or technical and commercial formulations of phosphite as sources of phosphorus nutrition to determine the effects on plant development and susceptibility to Phytophthora root and crown rot. Phosphite-treated tomato and pepper plants were deficient of phosphate and developed phosphorus-deficiency symptoms. Growth of plants (leaf area and leaf, stem, and root dry weights) that were fertilized with phosphite was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced compared with phosphate-fertilized plants. In Phytophthora capsici–inoculated pepper plants, incidence of Phytophthora crown rot was significantly reduced in phosphite-treated plants compared with no phosphorus or phosphate-treated plants. Incidence of crown rot in pepper plants treated with 1 mM phosphate plus 0.3 mM phosphite was intermediate between plants treated with only phosphite (1 mM or 0.1 mM) and plants treated with phosphate (1 mM).

scholarly journals DESENVOLVIMENTO DO TOMATEIRO INDUSTRIAL EM RESPOSTA A DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE IRRIGAÇÃO

Irriga ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-448
Author(s):  
Cícero José da Silva ◽  
José Antônio Frizzone ◽  
César Antônio da Silva ◽  
Nadson de Carvalho Pontes ◽  
Luiz Felipe Mariano da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Tomato Plant ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
E Mail

DESENVOLVIMENTO DO TOMATEIRO INDUSTRIAL EM RESPOSTA A DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE IRRIGAÇÃO     Cícero José da Silva1; José Antônio Frizzone2; César Antônio da Silva3; Nadson de Carvalho Pontes4; Luiz Felipe Mariano da Silva5 E Ênio Eduardo Basílio6   1Professor do Curso Bacharelado em Agronomia, Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Morrinhos – GO, BR 153, Km 633, Zonal Rural, CEP;75650-000, Morrinhos – GO, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2Professor Aposentado Colaborador Senior, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossitemas, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” – Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, N 11, Caixa Postal 9, CEP: 13418-900, Piracicaba – SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3Professor do Curso Bacharelado em Agronomia, Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Morrinhos – GO, BR 153, Km 633, Zonal Rural, CEP;75650-000, Morrinhos – GO, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 4Professor do Curso Bacharelado em Agronomia, Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Morrinhos – GO, BR 153, Km 633, Zonal Rural, CEP;75650-000, Morrinhos – GO, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 5Estudante de Iniciação Científica do Curso Bacharelado em Agronomia, Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Morrinhos – GO, BR 153, Km 633, Zonal Rural, CEP;75650-000, Morrinhos – GO, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 6Técnico Administrativo, Mestre em Olericultura, Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Morrinhos – GO, BR 153, Km 633, Zonal Rural, CEP;75650-000, Morrinhos – GO, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]     1 RESUMO   O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o desenvolvimento de plantas de tomateiros submetidas a diferentes níveis de reposição da irrigação, aplicados via sistema gotejamento subsuperficial durante duas safras. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados cinco níveis de irrigação: 50, 75, 100, 125 e 150% da evapotranspiração da cultura (%ETc) medida com lisímetros de pesagem, sobre o desenvolvimento de plantas de tomateiro. Cada parcela experimental foi composta por três fileiras de plantas de 5,5 m de comprimento, espaçadas a 1,10 m entre si e 0,30 m entre plantas. As avaliações de área foliar, índice de área foliar, massa seca de raiz, caule, folhas, flores, frutos e total foram realizadas aos 45, 65 e 85 dias após o transplante das mudas. Irrigações deficitárias e em excesso prejudicaram o desenvolvimento vegetativo das plantas de tomateiro. Os maiores valores de área foliar, índice de área foliar e massa seca total das plantas de tomateiro foram estimados com níveis de irrigação que variaram de 96 a 112% da ETc, variando de acordo com o ano de avaliação e a fase de desenvolvimento do tomateiro. Irrigações deficitárias e excessivas prejudicaram a floração e frutificação do tomateiro híbrido BRS Sena.             Palavras-chave: Solanum lycopersicom L.; gotejamento enterrado; manejo da irrigação; massa seca.             Silva, c. j. da; FRIZZONE, J. A.; SILVA, C. A. da; pontes, n. de C.; SILVA, L. F. M. da; BASÍLIO, Ê. E. Industrial tomato plant development in response to different irrigation levels    2 ABSTRACT   This research aimed to evaluate tomato plant development submitted to different irrigation replacement levels, irrigated via subsurface drip system for two harvests. The experiment was conducted under a randomized complete block design with four replications. Five irrigation levels were evaluated: 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of crop evapotranspiration (% ETc) measured with weighing lysimeters over the tomato plants development. Each experimental plot was composed of three plants rows with 5.5 m long, spaced 1.10 m apart and 0.30 m between plants. Leaf area, leaf area index, root dry matter, stem, leaves, flowers, fruits and total were evaluated at 45, 65 and 85 days after seedlings transplanting. Deficit and excess irrigation impaired the vegetative development of tomato plants. The highest values of leaf area, leaf area index and plants total dry mass were estimated with irrigation levels ranging from 96 to 112% of ETc, depending on the evaluation harvest year and the crop development phase. Deficit and excessive irrigation affected the flowering and fruiting of the hybrid tomato BRS Sena.   Keywords: Solanum lycopersicom L; subsurface drip irrigation; irrigation manegement; dry mass.

scholarly journals Field Characterization of Partial Resistance to Gray Leaf Spot in Elite Maize Germplasm

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (10) ◽  
pp. 1668-1679
Author(s):  
James O. Nyanapah ◽  
Patrick O. Ayiecho ◽  
Julius O. Nyabundi ◽  
Washington Otieno ◽  
Peter S. Ojiambo
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Gray Leaf Spot ◽  
Diseased Leaf ◽  
Diseased Leaf Area

Forty-eight inbred lines of maize with varying levels of resistance to gray leaf spot (GLS) were artificially inoculated with Cercospora zeina and evaluated to characterize partial disease resistance in maize under field conditions from 2012 to 2014 across 12 environments in western Kenya. Eight measures of disease epidemic—that is, final percent diseased leaf area (FPDLA), standardized area under the disease progress curve (SAUDPC), weighted mean absolute rate of disease increase (ρ), disease severity scale (CDSG), percent diseased leaf area at the inflection point (PDLAIP), SAUDPC at the inflection point (SAUDPCIP), time from inoculation to transition of disease progress from the increasing to the decreasing phase of epidemic increase (TIP), and latent period (LP)—were examined. Inbred lines significantly (P < 0.05) affected all measures of disease epidemic except ρ. However, the proportion of the variation attributed to the analysis of variance model was most strongly associated with SAUDPC (R2 = 89.4%). Inbred lines were also most consistently ranked for disease resistance based on SAUDPC. Although SAUDPC was deemed the most useful variable for quantifying partial resistance in the test genotypes, the proportion of the variation in SAUDPC in each plot was most strongly (R2 = 93.9%) explained by disease ratings taken between the VT and R4 stages of plant development. Individual disease ratings at the R4 stage of plant development were nearly as effective as SAUDPC in discerning the differential reaction of test genotypes. Thus, GLS rankings of inbred lines based on disease ratings at these plant developmental stages should be useful in prebreeding nurseries and preliminary evaluation trials involving large germplasm populations.

The effect of the surface-to-volume contact ratio on the biomass production potential of the pipe products in contact with drinking water

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. G. Tsvetanova ◽  
E. J. Hoekstra
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Contact Ratio ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Static Test ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Construction Product

The biomass production potential (BPP) test is a semi-static test for assessment of microbial growth promoting properties of construction products in contact with drinking water (CPDW). In 2003 the test was selected for incorporation into a scheme for acceptance of CPDW in the framework of implementation of the European Construction Product Directive and Drinking Water Directive. The pass/fail criterion for the BPP test is based on the sum of microbial growth in water and in biofilm caused by substances released from CPDW. The test is performed at a surface-to-volume contact ratio (S/V) of 0.17 cm−1, that is quite different from the practice in buildings and domestic installations, where the usual ratios are 2.1 cm−1 for 3/4 inches pipe, 1.6 cm−1 for 1 inches pipe or 1.0 cm−1 for 1.5 inches pipe. The goal of the study was to evaluate the importance of S/V ratio for performance of the BPP test and for correct assessment of the growth promoting properties of CPDW. The BPP of 10 pipe products were compared under the S/V ratios of 0.17 cm−1 and 1.7 cm−1. The BPP of most polymer products were higher under the S/V ratio of 1.7 cm−1 in individual trials, but the differences were insignificant. However, the planktonic biomass concentrations were 4–14 fold higher at larger S/V ratio and this can be important from hygienic point of view. For acceptance of CPDW, besides a pass/fail criterion for the BPP, the planktonic biomass concentration could be taken as a second criterion for evaluation.

scholarly journals   Assimilatory function and biochemical changes in Stylosanthes hamata grown under elevated CO2

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 224-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Baig ◽  
R.K. Bhatt ◽  
H.S. Tiwari ◽  
P. Swami
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Stylosanthes Hamata ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

We studied the impact of 360 &plusmn; 50 &micro;L/l (ambient) and 600 &plusmn; 50 &micro;L/L (elevated) CO<sub>2</sub> on growth performance, biomass production, photosynthetic efficiency, carbon isotope discrimination, protein profile and some antioxidant enzymes on Stylosanthes hamata. This crop responded significantly to photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate under elevated CO<sub>2</sub>. The biomass production in terms of fresh and dry was increased in elevated CO<sub>2</sub> by 126.81% (fresh) and 114.55% (dry) over ambient CO<sub>2</sub>. Long term exposure to elevated CO<sub>2</sub> enhanced photosynthetic water use efficiency by 127.77%. The photosynthetic pigment, total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a/b ratio also increased by 220.56 and 132.86%, respectively in elevated over ambient CO<sub>2</sub>. Around 149% increase in the soluble protein accumulation (mg/g FW) was recorded under elevated over ambient CO<sub>2</sub>, which was also reflected in the polyacrylamide gel profile. The isoforms of superoxide dismutase and esterase isozymes showed remarkable difference under elevated as compared to ambient. Measurement of <sup>13</sup>&delta; in different plant parts indicated a significant increase in discrimination against <sup>13</sup>C when plants were grown at elevated relative to ambient CO<sub>2</sub>. Maximum increase was recorded in roots (439.72%) followed by leaf and the stem recorded least increase in <sup>13</sup>&delta; (119.94%) in elevated over ambient CO<sub>2</sub>. &nbsp; &nbsp;

scholarly journals Growth of sweet pepper plants submitted to water tensions in soil and potassium silicate doses

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
Alexandre Igor A Pereira ◽  
João de Jesus Guimarães ◽  
João Victor Costa ◽  
Fernando S de Cantuário ◽  
Leandro C Salomão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Potassium Silicate ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Resistance Inducers ◽  
Pepper Plants

ABSTRACT Water stress compromises plant growth. Resistance inducers, such as potassium silicate (K2SiO3), can reduce negative effects of this stress on Solanaceae, Capsicum annuum. Plant height, stem diameter and leaf area may indicate the efficiency of potassium silicate foliarsprayagainst water stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth of sweet pepper plants under water stress and K2SiO3 doses. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks in a split-plot scheme in space. The treatments consisted of four soil water stresses: 15 kPa (field capacity), 25 (intermediate value), 35 and 45 kPa (water stress) and three doses of potassium silicate (0, 0.4 and 0.8 L 100 L-1 water), acting as resistance inducers to water stress. The resistance inducer maintained greater heights of the sweet pepper plants, under water stress (35 and 45 kPa) at the initial stage [(20 days after transplanting (DAT)]. Smaller plant diameters were observed at 80 and 100 DAT at 35 and 45 kPa. Sprays using K2SiO3 maintained sweet pepper leaf area with higher values, even under stress condition. The soil water tension from 35 kPa limited, in general, the plant growth. Growth responses in Capsicum annuum to K2SiO3, via foliar spraying, varied according to plant age, as well as the growth parameter considered in this experiment.

scholarly journals Impact of Different Barley-Based Cropping Systems on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Barley Growth under Conventional and Conservation Tillage Systems

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Muhammad Naeem ◽  
Noman Mehboob ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Shahid Farooq ◽  
Shahid Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Area Index

This two-year study observed the influence of various barley-based cropping systems on soil physicochemical properties, allometric traits and biomass production of barley sown under different tillage systems. Barley was cultivated in different cropping systems (CS), i.e., fallow-barley (fallow-B), maize-barley (maize-B), cotton-barley (cotton-B), mungbean-barley (mungbean-B) and sorghum-barley (sorghum-B) under zero tillage (ZT), minimum tillage (MT), strip tillage (ST), conventional tillage (CT) and bed-sowing (BS). Interaction between different CS and tillage systems (TS) positively influenced soil bulk density (BD), total porosity, available phosphorus (P), ammonical and nitrate nitrogen (NH4-N and NO3-N), available potassium (K), allometric traits and biomass production of barley. The highest soil BD along with lower total porosity were noted in ZT leading to lesser leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), specific leaf area (SLA), crop growth rate (CGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) of barley. Nonetheless, bed-sown barley produced the highest biomass due to better crop allometry and soil physical conditions. The highest postharvest soil available P, NH4-N, NO3-N, and K were recorded for zero-tilled barley, while BS followed by CT recorded the lowest nutrient contents. Barley in mungbean-B CS with BS produced the highest biomass, while the lowest biomass production was recorded for barely sown in fallow-B cropping system with ZT. In conclusion, barley sown after mungbean (mungbean-B cropping system) with BS seems a pragmatic choice for improving soil fertility and subsequently soil health.

scholarly journals Solar radiation use efficiency by soybean under field conditions in the Amazon region

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1211-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Jorge de Oliveira Ponte de Souza ◽  
Aristides Ribeiro ◽  
Edson José Paulino da Rocha ◽  
José Renato Bouça Farias ◽  
Renata Silva Loureiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Natural Field ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of soybean (Glycine max) in intercepting and using solar radiation under natural field conditions, in the Amazon region, Brazil. The meteorological data and the values of soybean growth and leaf area were obtained from an agrometeorological experiment carried out in Paragominas, Pará state, during 2007 and 2008. The radiation use efficiency (RUE) was obtained from the ratio between the above-ground biomass production and the intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) accumulated to 99 and 95 days after sowing, in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Climatic conditions during the experiment were very distinct, with reduction in rainfall in 2007, which began during the soybean mid-cycle, due to the El Niño phenomenon. An important reduction in the leaf area index and biomass production was observed during 2007. Under natural field conditions in the Amazon region, the values of RUE were 1.46 and 1.99 g MJ-1 PAR in the 2007 and 2008 experiments, respectively. The probable reason for the differences found between these years might be associated to the water restriction in 2007 coupled with the higher air temperature and vapor pressure deficit, and also to the increase in the fraction of diffuse radiation that reached the land surface in 2008.

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