scholarly journals Identifying Controlling Factors of Bioaccumulation of Selected Metal(loid)s in Various Soil–Cereal Crop Systems within Cultivated Fluvisols

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1180
Author(s):  
Jan Skála ◽  
Radim Vácha ◽  
Jarmila Čechmánková
Keyword(s):  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Crop Models ◽  
Successful Model ◽  
Model Reliability ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Single Extractions

The paired Fluvisol and cereal samples in both the field screening and controlled experiments are reported to elucidate the soil–crop relationship for As, Cd, and Pb in relation to changing contamination levels. Significant varietal differences in plant uptake were observed for crop type (barley, triticale) and the harvested part of the crop (oat shoots and grain). When parametrizing the stepwise regression models, the inclusion of soil properties often improved the performance of soil–crop models but diverse critical soil parameters were retained in the model for individual metal(loid)s. The pH value was often a statistically significant variable for Cd uptake. For As and Pb, the more successful model fit was achieved using the indicators of quantity or quality of soil organic matter, but always with lower inherent model reliability compared to Cd. Further, a single correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between extractable metal concentrations in soil solution and their crop accumulation. For Cd, there were strong intercorrelations among single extractions, the NH4NO3 extraction stood out with perfect correlation with plant uptake in both experiments. For As and Pb, the CaCl2 and Na2EDTA solutions outperformed other single extractions and were the better choice for the assessment of depositional fluvial substrates.

DIP quality influenced by process water quality

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
DENNIS VOSS ◽  
HANS-JOACHIM PUTZ ◽  
SAMUEL SCHABEL
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Process Water ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Water Parameters ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Contamination Levels

The need for deinking mills to reduce their fresh water consumption has resulted in higher loads of various contaminants in the process water. Lower recovered paper quality also leads to higher contamination levels in the mills. This higher load has an influence on achievable target brightness. The objective of the work was to determine and explain the main reasons for relatively poor deinked pulp quality or poor deinking potential based on the influence of recovered paper composition and process water quality. The process water parameters significantly affect the deinking potential of recovered paper. The test results showed the negative effects of increased water hardness. For standard recovered paper mixtures, flotation selectivity is higher with increasing flotation pH-value. Good results were realized for standard recovered paper with low hardness, low surface tension, and high pH-value. The results for recovered paper containing flexo newsprint could be slightly improved with low hardness, low surface tension, and low pH-value. The results of the test program using design of experiments showed interacting effects of pH-value and surface tension on luminosity and flotation selectivity.

scholarly journals Simulations of the Soil Evaporation and Crop Transpiration Beneath a Maize Crop Canopy in a Humid Area

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 1975
Author(s):  
Tianting Guo ◽  
Chunwei Liu ◽  
Ying Xiang ◽  
Pei Zhang ◽  
Ranghui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Soil Evaporation ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Crop Models ◽  
Humid Area

Soil evaporation (Es) and crop transpiration (Tc) are important components of water balance in cropping systems. Comparing the accurate calculation by crop models of Es and Tc to the measured evaporation and transpiration has significant advances to the optimal configuration of water resource and evaluation of the accuracy of crop models in estimating water consumption. To evaluate the adaptation of APSIM (Agricultural Production Systems simulator) in calculating the Es and Tc in Nanjing, APSIM model parameters, including the meteorological and soil parameters, were measured from a two-year field experiment. The results showed that: (1) The simulated evaporation was basically consistent with the measured Es, and the regulated model can effectively present the field evaporation in the whole maize growth period (R2 = 0.85, D = 0.96, p < 0.001); and (2) The trend of the simulated Tc can present the actual Tc variation, but the accuracy was not as high as the evaporation (R2 = 0.74, D = 0.87, p < 0.001), therefore, the simulation of water balance process by APSIM will be helpful in calculating Es and Tc in a humid area of Nanjing, and its application also could predict the production of maize fields in Nanjing.

scholarly journals Assessment of Influencing Factors on the Spatial Variability of SOM in the Red Beds of the Nanxiong Basin of China, Using GIS and Geo-Statistical Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 366
Author(s):  
Ping Yan ◽  
Kairong Lin ◽  
Yiren Wang ◽  
Xinjun Tu ◽  
Chunmei Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Parameters

Understanding the spatial variability of soil organic matter (SOM) is crucial for implementing precise land degradation control and fertilization to improve crop productivity. Studying spatial variability provides a scientific basis for precision fertilization and land degradation control. In this study, geostatistics and classical statistical methods were used to analyze the spatial variability of SOM and its influencing factors under various degrees of land degradation in the red bed area of southern China. The results demonstrate a declining trend for SOM content with increasing land degradation. The SOM content differs profoundly under different land degradation degrees. The coefficient of variation ranges from 13.61% for extreme land degradation to 8.98% for mild land degradation, 7.96% for moderate land degradation, and 5.64% for severe land degradation. A significant positive correlation is displayed between the altitude and the SOM (p < 0.01) under mild and moderate land degradation conditions. Bulk density and pH value have a significant negative correlation with SOM (p < 0.01). It can be observed that terrain factors, as well as physical and chemical soil parameters, have a great influence on SOM.

scholarly journals Assessment of the phytoavailability of Cu and Ni using various extraction procedures

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
MTA Chowdhury ◽  
L Nesa ◽  
SM Imamul Huq
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Metal Species ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Tetraacetic Acid ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Single Extractions

The phytoavailability of copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) in soils from Bangladesh was assessed. The uptake by Ipomoea aquatica and Oryza sativa L. was measured and a range of extractants tested on soils and plant tissue samples. Extractants tested were distilled water, 1 M NH4Cl, 0.01 M CaCl2, 0.005 M diethylenetriamine penta‐acetic acid (DTPA), 0.1 M ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), 0.1 M HCl and 1 M HCl. The extractability of the metals varied depending on the metal species, the crop and the extractant used. The best extractant was 1 M HCl, which extracted the highest amount of the heavy metals and correlated most strongly with their plant uptake measures. The use of 1 M HCl is, therefore, recommended for first‐level screening of soils contaminated with heavy metals if only one extractant is to be used. Sequential extraction showed that Cu was associated mostly with the 0.005 M DTPA and 0.1 M EDTA extractable fractions, while Ni was associated with the 0.1 M HCl and 1 M HCl fractions in most cases. The fractions of metals extracted using the sequential extraction procedure varied compared to single extractions for all soil types. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 24(1): 1-16, 2015 (January)

Cadmium phytoavailability in some New Zealand soils

Soil Research ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Gray ◽  
R. G. McLaren ◽  
A. H. C. Roberts ◽  
L. M. Condron
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Maximum Residue Limit ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Level Of Significance

The suitability of 8 common soil extractants to predict plant uptake of cadmium (Cd) from 10 New Zealand soils at low Cd concentrations was investigated in a glasshouse experiment. In addition, a study of Cd uptake by several vegetable, cereal, and pasture species in relation to different soil types was undertaken. The concentrations of Cd extracted from soils varied with each extractant: 0·05 acid ammonium acetate-EDTA (pH 4·65) extracted the greatest concentration of Cd, whereas 0·01 CaCl2 extracted the least. Results indicate that for all extractants tested, there were significant relationships between the concentration of Cd extracted and the concentration of Cd in plant material; however, the level of significance depended on the plant species and individual soil extractant. When all plants were considered together, it was found that 0·05 Ca(NO3)2 was the best predictor of plant Cd concentrations. Total Cd concentration was found to be the most important soil parameter influencing plant Cd concentrations. Plant Cd concentrations varied greatly among different plant species. The greatest uptake was found in lettuce and to a lesser extent carrot tops, and least in ryegrass, clover, and barley. All plants examined were within the maximum residue limit (MRL) in New Zealand for the Cd content of all foodstuffs intended for human consumption (i.e. 1 mg Cd/kg fresh weight).

scholarly journals Basic Soil Data Requirements for Process-Based Crop Models as a Basis for Crop Diversification

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eranga M. Wimalasiri ◽  
Ebrahim Jahanshiri ◽  
Tengku Adhwa Syaherah Tengku Mohd Suhairi ◽  
Hasika Udayangani ◽  
Ranjith B. Mapa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Crop Diversification ◽  
Global Databases ◽  
Crop Models ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
Underutilised Crops ◽  
The Impact

Data from global soil databases are increasingly used for crop modelling, but the impact of such data on simulated crop yield has not been not extensively studied. Accurate yield estimation is particularly useful for yield mapping and crop diversification planning. In this article, available soil profile data across Sri Lanka were harmonised and compared with the data from two global soil databases (Soilgrids and Openlandmap). Their impact on simulated crop (rice) yield was studied using a pre-calibrated Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) as an exemplar model. To identify the most sensitive soil parameters, a global sensitivity analysis was performed for all parameters across three datasets. Different soil parameters in both global datasets showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower and higher values than observed values. However, simulated rice yields using global data were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than from observed soil. Due to the relatively lower sensitivity to the yield, all parameters except soil texture and bulk density can still be supplied from global databases when observed data are not available. To facilitate the wider application of digital soil data for yield simulations, particularly for neglected and underutilised crops, nation-wide soil maps for 9 parameters up to 100 cm depth were generated and made available online.

scholarly journals Prediction of Cadmium Transfer From Soil to Potato in Karst Soils, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Liu ◽  
Hongyan Liu ◽  
Xianyong Zhou ◽  
Zhu Chen ◽  
Xulian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Empirical Prediction ◽  
Karst Soils ◽  
Soil Cd

Contamination of food with the heavy metal Cd is a significant global concern. In this study, a field survey was performed to investigate the characteristics of Cd transfer from soil to potato tubers (n = 105). The results showed that the bioaccumulation factor of the potato tuber ranged from about 0.1 to 1. The soil threshold of Cd derived from the cumulative probability distribution was 0.15 mg kg−1 in order to protect 95% of potatoes. Additionally, prediction models for Cd transfer were constructed based on soil properties and the concentration of CaCl2-extractable soil Cd. The results of the analysis showed that pH was the critical factor affecting Cd uptake by potatoes. Additionally, the R2 of different empirical models increased from 0.354 to 0.715 as the number of soil parameters was increased, and the predicted soil Cd concentration approached the measured values at values of about 0–15 mg kg−1. The results of this study suggest that the probability distribution method was stricter than the empirical prediction models for estimating the ecological risk of Cd contamination of potatoes in karst soils.

scholarly journals The Mercury Behavior and Contamination in Soil Profiles in Mun River Basin, Northeast Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Qu ◽  
Guilin Han ◽  
Man Liu ◽  
Xiaoqiang Li
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Mercury Contamination ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Northeast Thailand ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Soil Mercury

To determine the geochemical characteristics and contamination of soil mercury in the Mun River basin, northeast Thailand, the vertical mercury distribution patterns and mercury contamination levels in six soil profiles under different land uses are studied. A total of 240 soil samples collected from agricultural land, abandoned agricultural land, and woodland were analyzed by an RA-915M mercury analyzer to determine the total mercury (THg) content, which ranged from 0.13 to 69.40 μg∙kg−1 in the study area. In the soil cultivation layer (0–30 cm), the average content of THg in the woodland (15.89 μg∙kg−1) and the agricultural land (13.48 μg∙kg−1) were higher than that in the abandoned agricultural land (4.08 μg∙kg−1), indicating that the plants or crops could increase the content of mercury in the surface soil layer. The total organic carbon (TOC) and iron content with high positive correlations with the THg content significantly contributed to the adsorption of soil mercury. Moreover, a higher pH value in the soil and a finer grain size in soil texture can be beneficial for the enrichment of mercury. A geoaccumulation index was used to evaluate the contamination of mercury, showing that this area had a slight contamination, and a few soil sites were moderate contamination.

scholarly journals Prediction Models for Bioavailability of Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni and Pb in Soils of Republic of Serbia

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Dinić ◽  
Jelena Maksimović ◽  
Aleksandra Stanojković-Sebić ◽  
Radmila Pivić
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Impact

The bioavailability of trace elements (TEs) is one of the major factors for successful plant production and environmental protection. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which TEs are bioavailable and which of the basic soil parameters affect bioavailability. The survey included agricultural soil samples taken from 240 locations on the territory of the Republic of Serbia, where the soil analytics were carried out. On the basis of the analyzed data the prediction models were derived based on the Freundlich model, showing the dependence between trace elements (TEs) extracted using the DTPA buffer solution in relation to the trace elements extracted using an aqua regia, the organic matter content (SOM), the clay fractions content, and soil pH. On one part of the samples, the prediction models were separated on the basis of a suspension for determining the pH in H2O and 1M KCl. The model was applied for the following TEs: Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Cu. The content of the pseudo total forms of TEs statistically significantly influenced the bioavailability of TEs in all prediction models for all studied elements. The pH value statistically significantly affected the bioavailability of Ni, Mn, Pb, and Cu also in all prediction models. The impact of SOM and clay varied depending on the model and TEs. Multiple linear regression showed that the prediction models for TE Cu (R2 = 0.763–0.848) were the most reliable and that the bioavailability of Cu was significantly influenced by all the studied soil parameters except clay. Reliable results were also shown by the prediction models for TE Pb, but the values of the determination coefficient and investigated parameters that influenced the bioavailability varied depending on the model. The derived models for TE Mn, Zn, and Ni were less reliable (R2 is approximately 50% or less), and the effect of the tested parameters on bioavailability varied depending on the model and TEs.

scholarly journals Acrylamide Reduction Strategy in Combination with Deoxynivalenol Mitigation in Industrial Biscuits Production

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman ◽  
Generotti ◽  
Cirlini ◽  
Dall’Asta
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Process Contaminants ◽  
Pilot Plant Scale ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Baking Conditions

Acrylamide is formed during baking in some frequently consumed food products. It is proven to be carcinogenic in rodents and a probable human carcinogen. Thus, the food industry is working to find solutions to minimize its formation during processing. To better understand the sources of its formation, the present study is aimed at investigating how acrylamide concentration may be influenced by bakery-making parameters within a parallel strategy of mycotoxin mitigation (focusing specifically on deoxynivalenol—DON) related to wholegrain and cocoa biscuit production. Among Fusarium toxins, DON is considered the most important contaminant in wheat and related bakery products, such as biscuits, due to its widespread occurrence. Exploiting the power of a Design of Experiments (DoE), several conditions were varied as mycotoxin contamination levels of the raw materials, recipe formulation, pH value of dough, and baking time/temperature; each selected treatment was varied within a defined range according to the technological requirements to obtain an appreciable product for consumers. Experiments were performed in a pilot-plant scale in order to simulate an industrial production and samples were extracted and analysed by HPLC-MS/MS system. Applying a baking temperature of 200 °C at the highest sugar dose, acrylamide increased its concentration, and in particular, levels ranged from 306 ± 16 µg/Kg d.m. and 400 ± 27 µg/Kg d.m. in biscuits made without and with the addition of cocoa, respectively. Conversely, using a baking temperature of 180 °C in the same conditions (pH, baking time, and sugar concentrations), acrylamide values remained below 125 ± 14 µg/Kg d.m. and 156 ± 15 µg/Kg d.m. in the two final products. The developed predictive model suggested how some parameters can concretely contribute to limit acrylamide formation in the final product, highlighting a significant role of pH value (correlated also to sodium bicarbonate raising agent), followed by baking time/temperature parameters. In particular, the increasing range of baking conditions influenced in a limited way the final acrylamide content within the parallel effective range of DON reduction. The study represents a concrete example of how the control and optimization of selected operative parameters may lead to multiple mitigation of specific natural/process contaminants in the final food products, though still remaining in the sensorial satisfactory range.

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