Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don Essential Oil from Serbia: Chemical Composition, Classification and Biological Activity—May It Be a Suitable New Crop for Serbia?

H. italicum essential oil (EO) is one of the most popular ingredients utilized by the cosmetic industry, and it is also used as natural antioxidant and as a value-added ingredient in food products. The chemical composition of the EO H. italicum cultivated in Serbia was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The quantitative structure–retention relationship was used to predict the retention indices of the EO constituents acquired by GC-MS data, applying five molecular descriptors selected by factor analysis and a genetic algorithm. Also, antimicrobial activity, and biological activity by four common antioxidant tests (DPPH and ABTS assays, reducing power, and β-carotene bleaching test), and in vitro antihyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory capacities were evaluated. A total of 70 EO constituents were detected, of which 17 (8.5%) could not be identified. The H. italicum EO in this study belonged to γ-curcumene chemotype. The coefficients of determination reached the value of 0.964, demonstrating that this model could be used for prediction purposes. All applied tests showed that H. italicum EO possesses good biological activity and an interesting chemical composition. Therefore, the EO of H. italicum grown in Serbia has a potential to be used in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products.

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Effect of the Chemical Composition of Free-Terpene Hydrocarbons Essential Oils on Antifungal Activity

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24193532 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (19) ◽

pp. 3532

Author(s):

Ben Salha ◽

Herrera Díaz ◽

Lengliz ◽

Abderrabba ◽

Labidi

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Pharmaceutical Products ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Reduced Pressure ◽

Oxygenated Compounds ◽

Food Spoilage Fungi

In this study, Carum carvi L. essential oil (CEO) and Origanum majorana L. essential oil (MEO) was steam-distillated under reduced pressure. We henceforth obtained three fractions for each essential oil: CF1, CF2, CF3, MF1, MF2, and MF3. Then, these fractions were characterized using the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The results indicated that some fractions were rich in oxygenated compounds (i.e., CF2, CF3, MF2, and MF3) with concentrations ranging from 79.21% to 98.56%. Therefore, the influence of the chemical composition of the essential oils on their antifungal activity was studied. For this purpose, three food spoilage fungi were isolated, identified, and inoculated in vitro, in order to measure the antifungal activity of CEO, MEO, and their fractions. The results showed that stronger fungi growth inhibitions (FGI) (above 95%) were found in fractions with higher percentages of oxygenated compounds, especially with (−)-carvone and terpin-4-ol as the major components. Firstly, this work reveals that the free-terpenes hydrocarbons fractions obtained from MEO present higher antifungal activity than the raw essential oil against two families of fungi. Then, it suggests that the isolation of (−)-carvone (97.15 ± 5.97%) from CEO via vacuum distillation can be employed successfully to improve antifungal activity by killing fungi (FGI = 100%). This study highlights that separation under reduced pressure is a simple green method to obtain fractions or to isolate compounds with higher biological activity useful for pharmaceutical products or natural additives in formulations.

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Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of the Essential Oil and Extracts ofZanthoxylum alatumGrown in North-Western Himalaya

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2013/790580 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Sanjay Guleria ◽

A. K. Tiku ◽

Apurva Koul ◽

Sahil Gupta ◽

Gurjinder Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Micrococcus Luteus ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Curvularia Lunata

The essential oil obtained from the fresh leaves ofZanthoxylum alatumwas analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Fourteen components were identified, and linalool (30.58%), 2-decanone (20.85%),β-fenchol (9.43%), 2-tridecanone (8.86%),β-phellandrene (5.99%), Sabinene (4.82%), andα-pinene (4.11%) were the main components. The EO and methanolic extract ofZ. alatumexhibited potent antifungal activity againstAlternaria alternata,Alternaria brassicae, andCurvularia lunata. The EO also showed significant antibacterial activity againstBacillus subtilis,Micrococcus luteus,Staphylococcus aureus, andEscherichia coli. Further, antimicrobial constituents of the EO were isolated by bioautography and preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) and identified asβ-fenchol and linalool using GC/MS analysis. In addition to this, the free radical scavenging activity and antioxidant potential of EO and methanolic extract/fractions ofZ. alatumwere also investigated usingin vitroassays including scavenging ability against DPPH•, reducing power and chelating ability on Fe2+ions. Our results demonstrate thatZ. alatumcould be used as a resource of antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds which may find applications in food and pesticide industries.

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Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Thymus fontanesii Essential Oil from Algeria

The Natural Products Journal ◽

10.2174/2210315508666180427162542 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 193-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sid Ali Lamia ◽

Brada Moussa ◽

Fauconnier Marie-Laure ◽

Lognay Georges

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Electromagnetic Induction ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

The People ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ic50 Values

Background: Thymus fontanesii is one of the important Algerian plants, used traditionally to treat the cough and cold. In addition, it may help to protect the people against lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress and can be used as an antioxidant agent for the preservation of processed food. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition of Algerian Thymus fontanesii essential oil and to test its antioxidant activity. Methods: The oil was extracted by electromagnetic induction (EMI) heating assisted extraction and by hydrodistillation, and was analysed by Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector (GC/FID) and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The antioxidant activity was evaluated by three assays mainly: DPPH assay, reducing power and β-carotene/linoleic acid. Results: The yield of the essential oil was varied from 2.1 ± 0.3 to 3.1 ± 0.1% (w/w), and from 1.8 ± 0.01 to 2.6 ± 0.02% (w/w), for the electromagnetic induction heating assisted extraction and hydrodistillation, respectively. Twenty seven components were identified representing 95.6 - 99.9% of the oil. Carvacrol (54.7 ± 1.2 - 63.9 ± 1.9%) was the major compound followed by p-cymene (9.2 ± 1.2 - 17.5 ± 1.2%) and γ-terpinene (8.8 ± 0.9 - 14.9 ± 0.8%). The Thymus fontanesii essential oil was found as a significant antioxidant with IC50 values ranging from 57.3 ± 1.4 to 236.7 ± 1.4 μg/mL, which were higher than that of butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) choosing as reference (9.1 ± 1.2 to 67.8 ± 0.1 μg/mL). Conclusion: The obtained results encourage the use of Thymus species with bioactive compounds for further food applications.

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Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Properties and Anti-cholinesterase Activity of Cordia gilletii (Boraginaceae) Leaves Essential Oil

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1100600225 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 1934578X1100600 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marco Bonesi ◽

Philippe N. Okusa ◽

Rosa Tundis ◽

Monica R. Loizzo ◽

Federica Menichini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Bleaching Test ◽

Total Oil ◽

Β Carotene ◽

Terpene Derivatives

This study aimed to investigate for the first time the chemical composition, the antioxidant properties and the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activity of the essential oil from the leaves of Cordia gilletii De Wild (Boraginaceae). The essential oil, characterized by 23 constituents (90.1% of the total oil), was constituted by terpene derivatives (25.6%) and non-terpene derivatives (64.5%), among which aldehydes, fatty acids and alkanes were present with the percentage of 16.5%, 18.8% and 23.1%, respectively. The antioxidant activity of C. gilletii essential oil was screened by two in vitro tests: DPPH and β-carotene bleaching test. The essential oil revealed antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 75.0 and 129.9 μg/mL on DPPH radical and β-carotene decoloration tests, respectively. Moreover, C. gilletii inhibited AChE enzyme with an IC50 value of 105.6 μg/mL.

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In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Libanotis montana Essential Oil in Combination with Conventional Antibiotics

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1400900238 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Dragoljub L. Miladinović ◽

Budimir S. Ilić ◽

Tatjana M. Mihajilov-Krstev ◽

Jovana L. Jović ◽

Marija S. Marković

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Broth Microdilution Method

The chemical composition and antibacterial activity were examined of Libanotis montana Crantz subsp. leiocarpa (Heuff.) Soó. (Apiaceae) essential oil. Gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were used to analyze the chemical composition of the oil. The antibacterial activity was investigated by the broth microdilution method against thirteen bacterial strains. The interactions of the essential oil and three standard antibiotics: tetracycline, streptomycin and chloramphenicol toward five selected strains were evaluated using the microdilution checkerboard assay in combination with chemometric methods: principal components analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were the most abundant compound class in the oil (67.2%), with β-elemene (40.4%) as the major compound. The essential oil exhibited slight antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains in vitro, but the combinations L. montana oil-chloramphenicol and L. montana oil-tetracycline exhibited mostly either synergistic or additive interactions. These combinations reduced the minimum effective dose of the antibiotics and, consequently, minimized their adverse side effects. In contrast, the association of L. montana essential oil and streptomycin was characterized by strong antagonistic interactions against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. In the PCA and HCA analyses, streptomycin stood out and formed a separate group.

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Chemical Composition and Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity of Lavender Essential Oil and Some By-Products

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10091829 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1829

Author(s):

Alexandru Ciocarlan ◽

Lucian Lupascu ◽

Aculina Aricu ◽

Ion Dragalin ◽

Violeta Popescu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Xanthomonas Campestris ◽

Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Residual Water ◽

By Products

The producers of essential oils from the Republic of Moldova care about the quality of their products and at the same time, try to capitalize on the waste from processing. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the chemical composition of lavender (Lavanda angustifolia L.) essential oil and some by-products derived from its production (residual water, residual herbs), as well as to assess their “in vitro” antimicrobial activity. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of essential oils produced by seven industrial manufacturers led to the identification of 41 constituents that meant 96.80–99.79% of the total. The main constituents are monoterpenes (84.08–92.55%), followed by sesquiterpenes (3.30–13.45%), and some aliphatic compounds (1.42–3.90%). The high-performance liquid chromatography analysis allowed the quantification of known triterpenes, ursolic, and oleanolic acids, in freshly dried lavender plants and in the residual by-products after hydrodistillation of the essential oil. The lavender essential oil showed good antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Xanthomonas campestris, Erwinia carotovora at 300 μg/mL concentration, and Erwinia amylovora, Candida utilis at 150 μg/mL concentration, respectively. Lavender plant material but also the residual water and ethanolic extracts from the solid waste residue showed high antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium chrysogenum, Bacillus sp., and Pseudomonas aeroginosa strains, at 0.75–6.0 μg/mL, 0.08–0.125 μg/mL, and 0.05–4.0 μg/mL, respectively.

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Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of the Essential Oil From Salvia mirzayanii Leaves

Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1177/2156587217717414 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 770-776 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kamiar Zomorodian ◽

Mahmoodreza Moein ◽

Keyvan Pakshir ◽

Forough Karami ◽

Zahra Sabahi

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Antifungal Activities ◽

Global Challenge ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal

Resistance of many pathogens to available drugs is a global challenge and is leading to growing interest in natural alternative products. In this study, chemical composition and in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of the essential oil from Salvia mirzayanii were investigated. The chemical constituents of essential oil from S mirzayanii were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial activity was determined by broth microdilution. The main identified compounds were 1,8-cineole (41.2 ± 1.3%), linalool acetate (11.0 ± 0.5%), and α-terpinyl acetate (6.0 ± 0.4%) (mL of essential oil/g of plant material). The MIC95 were 0.03 to 0.5 µL/mL and 16 to 128 µL/mL for gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, respectively. These results indicated that Salvia mirzayanii essential oil significantly inhibited the growth of standard and clinically isolated tested yeasts by MIC50 0.03 to 1 µL/mL. Potent antibacterial and antifungal activities of Salvia mirzayanii essential oil may be considered in future study, particularly against antibiotic-resistant cases.

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Chemical Characterization and In vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Caralluma europaea Essential Oil and Its Synergistic Potential with Conventional Antibiotics

Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.9734/jamps/2018/v19i430094 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Loubna Ait Dra ◽

Abdellah Aghraz ◽

Brahim Boualy ◽

Saadia Oubaassine ◽

Mustapha Barakate ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Acid Oxidation ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries

Aim: This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil from the aerial part of Caralluma europaea and to evaluate the synergistic potential between essential oil and antibiotics. Methodology: The chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities and synergetic interaction between antimicrobial agents and essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation from the aerial part of C. europaea were evaluated. The chemical composition was analyzed by a Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) system. Antioxidant activity was measured employing three methods: scavenging of free radical DPPH, reducing power assay and the inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation. The antimicrobial activity of essential oil against microbial strains was qualitatively and quantitatively assessed by the presence or absence of inhibition zones diameters, and MIC values. The in vitro association between essential oil and some commercial antibiotics was also investigated. Results: The GC/MS analysis shows that a total of 21 constituents were identified and the main compounds were Terpinolene (19.5%), α-Terpinene (16.2%) and Linalool (15.3%). Antioxidant study showed that essential oil exhibited antioxidant activity with IC50 values ranging from 0.32 mg/ml to 1.45 mg/ml. The results of antimicrobial activity showed that the essential oil had an inhibitory effect against the majority of tested microorganisms except K. pneumonia and P. aeruginosa. Gram-positive bacteria were found to be more sensitive than Gram-negative ones. Furthermore, essential oil approved an interesting antifungal activity against yeast species. Out of 25 combinations tested 64% showed total synergism, 20% had a partial synergistic interaction and 16% showed no effect. The best synergistic effect was obtained with the combination essential oil-gentamycin. Conclusion: Our results are of a great importance and suggest that C. europaea essential oil contain bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties with possible applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

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Chemical Composition, Apoptotic Activity, and Antiparasitic Effects of Ferula macrecolea Essential Oil against Echinococcus granulosus Protoscoleces

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26040888 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 888

Author(s):

Mohamed S. Alyousif ◽

Hiba Riyadh Al-Abodi ◽

Hamdan Almohammed ◽

Abdullah D. Alanazi ◽

Hossein Mahmoudvand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Hydatid Cyst ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Preclinical Model ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Hydatid Cysts ◽

Apoptotic Activity

Background: Today, the present protoscolicidals used to minimize the serious risks during hydatid cyst surgery are not completely safe and have various adverse side effects. The present study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and apoptotic activity of Ferula macrecolea essential oil (FMEO) as well as its in vitro and ex vivo protoscolicidal effects against hydatid cyst protoscoleces. Methods: Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was performed to determine the chemical composition of FMEO. Protoscoleces of hydatid cysts were collected from liver fertile hydatid cysts of infected sheep and were then treated with various concentrations of the essential oil (75, 150, and 300 µL/mL) for 5–60 min in vitro and ex vivo. Then, by using the eosin exclusion test, the viability of the protoscoleces was studied. The caspase-3-like activity of the FMEO-treated protoscoleces was also evaluated through the colorimetric protease assay Sigma Kit based on the manufacturer’s instructions. Results: According to GC/MS, the main constituents of the essential oil were terpinolene (77.72%), n-nonanal (4.47%), and linalool (4.35%), respectively. In vitro, the maximum protoscolicidal activity of FMEO was observed at the concentrations of 150 and 300 µL/mL, such that 100% of the protoscoleces were killed after 30 and 20 min of exposure, respectively. Based on the obtained findings, the results demonstrate that FMEO required a longer time to kill protoscoleces ex vivo; after 12 min of exposure to FMEO, only 13.4% of the protoscoleces remained alive. After 48 h of the treatment of protoscoleces, FMEO, in a dose-dependent manner and at doses of 75, 150, and 300 µL/mL, induced the activation of the caspase enzyme by 24.3, 35.3, and 48.3%, respectively. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate the potent protoscolicidal effects of FMEO in vitro and ex vivo; however, further studies are required to assess the safety and the efficiency of FMEO as a promising scolicidal agent in a preclinical model and clinical setting.

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Antitumor Mechanism of the Essential Oils from Two Succulent Plants in Multidrug Resistance Leukemia Cell

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph12030124 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 124 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Paola Poma ◽

Manuela Labbozzetta ◽

James A. McCubrey ◽

Aro Vonjy Ramarosandratana ◽

Maurizio Sajeva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Leukemia Cell ◽

Optimal Strategies ◽

Good Alternative ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Resistant Variant

Drug resistance remains a major challenge in the treatment of cancer. The multiplicity of the drug resistance determinants raises the question about the optimal strategies to deal with them. Essential oils showed to inhibit the growth of different tumor cell types. Essential oils contain several chemical classes of compounds whose heterogeneity of active moieties can help prevent the development of drug resistance. In the present paper, we analyzed, by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry the chemical composition of the essential oil of the leaves of Kalanchoe beharensis obtained by hydrodistillation and compared the chemical composition of its essential oil with that of Cyphostemma juttae. Our results demonstrated the anticancer and proapoptotic activities of both species against acute myeloid leukemia on an in vitro model and its multidrug resistant variant involving NF-κB pathway. The essential oils of both species produced a significant decrease in many targets of NF-κB both at mRNA and protein levels. The results corroborate the idea that essential oils may be a good alternative to traditional drugs in the treatment of cancer, especially in drug resistant cancer.

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