scholarly journals Growing Mediums for Medical Cannabis Production in North America

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1366
Author(s):  
Reza Nemati ◽  
Jean-Pierre Fortin ◽  
Joseph Craig ◽  
Shaye Donald
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
The Usa

The production and use of cannabis for medical purposes has been legalized in Canada and several states in the USA. Due to the historically illegal nature of cannabis, there is very little information available in academic publications about appropriate growing media for growing cannabis. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the most commonly used growing media for the production of medical cannabis and to discuss their advantages and disadvantages. Based on current knowledge, there is a general agreement on the properties of a suitable growing medium within the cannabis industry. However, there is little consensus among growers on the best growing medium to grow cannabis. Different categories of growing media are widely used in North America. In this review, we classified them into several main categories principally based on the type of material used in their composition and the growth stages of the plant. The main categories include: coir-based, peat-based, rockwool, phenolic foam, and living soil. It is not easy to suggest the best growing medium for cannabis production. Each category of growing medium has its strengths and weaknesses. Overall, it seems that coir-based products are the intermediate substrates showing more advantages and less weakness; however, choosing any of these categories depends a lot on the growing technique and production system. Future research should focus on determining the optimal level of growing media properties to produce high yielding medical cannabis with the desired quality.

Supplement of biochar and vermicompost amendments in coir and peat growing media improves N management and yields of leafy vegetables

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Aimé J. Messiga ◽  
Xiuming Hao ◽  
Martine Dorais ◽  
Carine S. Bineng ◽  
Noura Ziadi
Keyword(s):  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
N Management ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Plot Design

A greenhouse trial assessed the effects of biochar and vermicompost as partial substitutes of conventional growing media on leafy vegetables’ yields and changes of NH4+-N and NO3−-N in growing medium and leachates. Six growing media mixtures [(a) coir, (b) coir + biochar, (c) coir + vermicompost, (d) peat, (e) peat +vermicompost, (f) peat + biochar] combined with three nitrogen (N) rates [0% (0 g N·pot−1), 50% (0.5 g N·pot−1), and 100% (1.0 g N·pot−1) commercial recommendation] were arranged in a split-plot design with three replicates. On average, the yield gap between 100% N and 50% N was improved when biochar and vermicompost were used as substitutes of coir (32% and 28% vs. 49%) and peat (14% and 18% vs. 27%). The concentrations of NH4+-N in the leachates for peat + biochar varied between 17.20 and 1.00 mg·L−1. The concentrations of NO3−-N in the leachates varied between 130.0 and 1.0 mg·L−1 for coir + vermicompost, and 60 and 1.0 mg·L−1 for peat + vermicompost. The residual NO3−-N in peat + biochar growing media and the leachates did not match the changes observed for NH4+-N, and the much lower residual NH4+-N indicates possible NH4+-N retention by biochar and loss through volatilization in the early growth stages. Our results show that partial substitution of peat with biochar and coir with vermicompost maintained acceptable crop yield at 50% N due probably to N supply by vermicompost and decreased residual mineral N and loss by biochar in the leachates which could be beneficial for the environment.

Influence of consumer regiocentrism on perceived value of wine

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Pestar Bizjak ◽  
Hristo Hristov ◽  
Tatjana Košmerl ◽  
Ales Kuhar
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
The Usa

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify which dimensions of perceived value of wine dominate in the perception of wine consumers from two distinctive wine producing regions and to examine how their respective regional identity, consumer regiocentrism (CR) and perceived value of wine are inter-related in determining consumers’ preference of wine. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 221 wine consumers from two Slovenian wine regions with contrasting wine-related and social specificities responded to an online questionnaire. Besides the wine-related consumer behaviour variables, the questionnaire contained CR, regional identity and consumer perceived value measurements, based on adapted CETSCALE, regional identity and PERVAL scales. The scales were validated, and structural equation modelling was used to evaluate the relationships between the constructs. Findings Perceived value of wine was found to consist of three dimensions: emotional-social, quality-price and terroir, which differ from those previously observed among wine consumers from the USA. Regional identity was found to be a direct antecedent of CR, and CR directly affects all three dimensions of perceived value of wine; these findings were evident in the original model and in both studied wine regions. Research limitations/implications Future research should extend the model to include other possible antecedents of CR and study its effects on different consequences, especially purchasing intent. Future studies would benefit by adding more indicators into scales to measure CR and regional identity to improve the model fit. Originality/value This study contributes to a better understanding of perceived value of wine and extends the current knowledge of how social and psychological phenomena interact when evaluating wine. The results herein should enable marketers to develop more sophisticated positioning strategies and support their decision making for an appropriate market approach.

scholarly journals Review of environmental performance of permeable pavement systems: state of the knowledge

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. P. Drake ◽  
Andrea Bradford ◽  
Jiri Marsalek
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Permeable Pavement ◽  
Current State ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Guidance Documents ◽  
And Performance

Permeable pavement (PP) systems provide opportunities to mitigate the impacts of urbanization on receiving water systems by providing at source treatment and management of stormwater. However, they do not receive mainstream use throughout much of Canada and the USA because of a lack of local guidance documents, demonstration projects and performance data. Studies have repeatedly shown that PPs attenuate stormwater flows by reducing volume and frequency of stormwater flows, reducing and delaying peak flow rates, and increasing flow durations. PP systems have been shown to improve stormwater quality by reducing stormwater temperature, pollutant concentrations and pollutant loadings of suspended solids, heavy metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and some nutrients. This review is intended as a comprehensive summary of the current state of knowledge of the environmental performance of PP systems. Published research is synthesized to examine the hydrologic performance, impacts to water quality, longevity and functionality and maintenance needs of PP systems. Where appropriate, the limitations of current knowledge are discussed and emerging and future research needs are presented. The intent of this review is to provide stakeholders in stormwater management with the critical information that is needed to foster acceptance of PPs as a viable alternative to traditional systems.

scholarly journals Pediatric Fibrinogen PART I—Pitfalls in Fibrinogen Evaluation and Use of Fibrinogen Replacement Products in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise J. Huisman ◽  
Gemma Louise Crighton
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentrate ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Coagulation Protein ◽  
Dosing Strategies ◽  
Pediatric Use

Fibrinogen is a key coagulation protein, playing a critical role in hemostasis. It is the first factor to decrease to critical levels during bleeding. Hypofibrinogenemia is an important risk factor for bleeding in clinical settings, including pediatric surgery. Yet, the optimal measurement of fibrinogen levels is subject to debate, as is the critical threshold for intervention. Fibrinogen replacement may be provided by cryoprecipitate and fibrinogen concentrate. Whilst both products contain fibrinogen, they are not equivalent, each has its own advantages and disadvantages, especially for pediatric use. Unfortunately, medical literature to support fibrinogen replacement in children is limited. In this article we review the current diagnostic tools to measure fibrinogen, with respect to their use in the pediatric critical care setting. Secondly, we evaluate the different fibrinogen replacement therapies, focusing on cryoprecipitate and fibrinogen concentrate and examine their individual product characteristics, associated risks and benefits, different dosing strategies and specific pitfalls for use in children. We summarize by highlighting current knowledge gaps and areas for future research.

scholarly journals Examining conspiracy beliefs and COVID-19 in four countries: The role of disgust towards the political system and implications for prosocial behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 183449092110568
Author(s):  
Chanki Moon ◽  
Giovanni A. Travaglino
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Political System ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
The World ◽  
Conspiracy Beliefs ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

Since late 2019, the coronavirus SARS-COV-2 responsible for the COVID-19 disease has continued to spread across different regions of the world. As a result, governments have been implementing measures for controlling the disease which rely on people's cooperation. In this research, we considered predictors and implications of people's beliefs that they “haven’t been told the ‘whole story’ about COVID-19.” Specifically, we examined the role of disgust towards the political system in predicting conspiratorial tendencies across four countries, in Europe (Italy and the UK), North America (the USA), and Asia (South Korea). In addition, we investigated the implications of conspiratorial beliefs for individuals’ intentions to engage in prosocial cooperative behavior. In line with the idea that feelings of disgust towards the political system may indicate that people perceive the system as violating core norms, results showed that disgust was associated with stronger conspiratorial tendencies. Individuals’ conspiratorial tendencies were in turn associated with lower intentions to help others during the pandemic. Results were broadly consistent across the countries tested. Directions for future research are discussed.

The potential of local food systems in North America: A review of foodshed analyses

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 399-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Horst ◽  
B. Gaolach
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
Local Food Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Data Gaps ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Significant Opportunity

AbstractFoodshed analysis provides a way to assess the capacity of regions to feed themselves. While dozens of foodshed analyses have been completed across North America, they have not been systematically analyzed. This paper reviews 22 foodshed analyses completed in the USA and Canada between 2000 and 2013. The criteria used to evaluate the foodshed studies are authorship/type of publication, spatial extent, goals and questions, methods and data sources for assessing consumption and production, analysis of pathways from production to consumption and findings. Similarities and differences, along with strengths and weaknesses, are identified. Together, the foodshed studies indicate significant opportunity for food system relocalization across North America. Foodshed studies are a potentially powerful tool for policy analysis and planning. A future research agenda for foodshed studies is identified, including addressing data gaps and establishing more standardized models for evaluating production, consumption and pathways.

Is Outsourcing Practices in the Usa, Japan and Finland: A Comparative Study

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uday M. Apte ◽  
Marion G. Sobol ◽  
Sho Hanaoka ◽  
Tatsumi Shimada ◽  
Timo Saarinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chief Information Officers ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Is Outsourcing

With increasing cost-reduction pressures, outsourcing of information systems (IS) functions has emerged as an important option for managers in companies around the world. In this paper we present the results of our exploratory, empirical research comparing practices of domestic and global IS outsourcing in the USA, Japan and Finland. The research methodology of a mail survey with similar questionnaires was used in all three countries. The paper provides new empirical evidence comparing these countries on the types of functions being commonly outsourced, the extent to which these functions are outsourced, views of Chief Information Officers (CIOs) on the desired cost savings and the comparative ratings of the advantages and disadvantages of IS outsourcing. Also compared are the roles played by different executives in making outsourcing decisions. The implications of these results for IS managers and directions for future research are presented in the conclusions.

Movement of adult temperate reef fishes off the west coast of North America

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1362-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Freiwald
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The West ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Temperate Reef ◽  
Movement Distance

Movement of reef fishes has important consequences for the demography, spatial structure, and connectivity of their populations and their conservation and management. I synthesized and analyzed the available data on the movement of adult temperate reef fishes along the west coast of North America to summarize our current knowledge and identify future research needs. For 80% of analyzed species, the 75th percentile movement distance was less than 1.5 km. Movement distances of examined species are characterized by positively skewed frequency distributions and discrete movement ranges rather than unbounded diffusive or directional movement. There is no relationship between species body size and movement distance, but shallower living species move much shorter distances than deeper dwelling reef fishes. Such limited movement suggests that ecological neighborhoods of adult individuals are small, and finite movement ranges will have important consequences for understanding and modeling population connectivity in ecological and management contexts. Future research should focus on effects of habitat heterogeneity and population parameters on movement to investigate variability in movement patterns and its consequences for species’ ecology and management.

Intra‐industry conformity in dividend policy

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 492-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Van Caneghem ◽  
Walter Aerts
Keyword(s):  
Dividend Policy ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Institutional Research ◽  
Dividend Payout ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Focal Firm ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Industry Practice ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the impact of intra‐industry conformity tendencies on dividend policy among a large sample of US firms.Design/methodology/approachThe paper explores mimetic influences on dividend policy. Consistent with prior institutional research, the paper measures mimetic pressures as institutional prevalence or the pervasiveness of a feature of dividend policy within a firm's relevant environment.FindingsThe results reveal a significantly positive relationship between the lagged density of firms in the industry that pay a dividend and the probability of a focal firm paying a dividend. Moreover, for firms paying a dividend, results indicate that higher similarity in dividend payout among firms in the same industry induces more conformity between a focal firm and average industry practice. Overall, results are consistent with imitation in dividend policy.Research limitations/implicationsThe results support the view that future research on dividend policy should value social and behavioral factors more explicitly in order to arrive at a more overall and consistent explanation of firms' dividend policy. Moreover, the results also illustrate the relevance of alternative theories in explaining dividend policy.Practical implicationsThe results show that intra‐industry benchmarking of dividend policy plays a significant role in the USA.Originality/valueThis study documents the relevance of social imitation mechanisms behind dividend payout behavior and therefore adds to the current knowledge of the impact of behavioral processes on dividend policy.

A Review of Drug Side Effect Identification Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (26) ◽  
pp. 3096-3104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Deng ◽  
Yige Sun ◽  
Tianyi Zhao ◽  
Yang Hu ◽  
Tianyi Zang
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Drug Side Effects ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Network Methods ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The One ◽  
Approved Drugs

Drug side effects have become an important indicator for evaluating the safety of drugs. There are two main factors in the frequent occurrence of drug safety problems; on the one hand, the clinical understanding of drug side effects is insufficient, leading to frequent adverse drug reactions, while on the other hand, due to the long-term period and complexity of clinical trials, side effects of approved drugs on the market cannot be reported in a timely manner. Therefore, many researchers have focused on developing methods to identify drug side effects. In this review, we summarize the methods of identifying drug side effects and common databases in this field. We classified methods of identifying side effects into four categories: biological experimental, machine learning, text mining and network methods. We point out the key points of each kind of method. In addition, we also explain the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Finally, we propose future research directions.

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