scholarly journals Conservation Agriculture Effects on Soil Water Holding Capacity and Water-Saving Varied with Management Practices and Agroecological Conditions: A Review

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1681
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Abdallah ◽  
Hanuman S. Jat ◽  
Madhu Choudhary ◽  
Emad F. Abdelaty ◽  
Parbodh C. Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Positive Effect

Improving soil water holding capacity (WHC) through conservation agriculture (CA)-practices, i.e., minimum mechanical soil disturbance, crop diversification, and soil mulch cover/crop residue retention, could buffer soil resilience against climate change. CA-practices could increase soil organic carbon (SOC) and alter pore size distribution (PSD); thus, they could improve soil WHC. This paper aims to review to what extent CA-practices can influence soil WHC and water-availability through SOC build-up and the change of the PSD. In general, the sequestered SOC due to the adoption of CA does not translate into a significant increase in soil WHC, because the increase in SOC is limited to the top 5–10 cm, which limits the capacity of SOC to increase the WHC of the whole soil profile. The effect of CA-practices on PSD had a slight effect on soil WHC, because long-term adoption of CA-practices increases macro- and bio-porosity at the expense of the water-holding pores. However, a positive effect of CA-practices on water-saving and availability has been widely reported. Researchers attributed this positive effect to the increase in water infiltration and reduction in evaporation from the soil surface (due to mulching crop residue). In conclusion, the benefits of CA in the SOC and soil WHC requires considering the whole soil profile, not only the top soil layer. The positive effect of CA on water-saving is attributed to increasing water infiltration and reducing evaporation from the soil surface. CA-practices’ effects are more evident in arid and semi-arid regions; therefore, arable-lands in Sub-Sahara Africa, Australia, and South-Asia are expected to benefit more. This review enhances our understanding of the role of SOC and its quantitative effect in increasing water availability and soil resilience to climate change.

scholarly journals Positive effect of climate change on cotton in 2050 by CO2 enrichment and conservation agriculture in Cameroon

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Gérardeaux ◽  
Benjamin Sultan ◽  
Oumarou Palaï ◽  
Camille Guiziou ◽  
Pascal Oettli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Positive Effect

scholarly journals REMOTE SENSING FOR ESTIMATION OF INTENSITY AND EXTENT OF PLANT RESIDUE COVER

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W6 ◽  
pp. 423-427
Author(s):  
R. Prajapati ◽  
D. Chakrborty ◽  
S. Saha ◽  
V. K. Gupta ◽  
R. N. Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Narrow Bands

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Left-over crop residue on the surface is a measure of tillage intensity and soil management, and is an integral part of the conservation agriculture practice. Remote sensing can be successfully used to monitor the large area crop residue cover which is otherwise difficult through the conventional way, provided the spectrally similar crop residues and soil can be suitably differentiated. Hyperspectral reflectance (350&amp;ndash;2500&amp;thinsp;nm) of various quantities of crop residue cover over red soil was measured with varying moisture contents in the residue. A broad spectrum near 2100&amp;thinsp;mm was identified for dry residue, which was not recorded in soil spectra. This could possibly be linked to the cellulose-lignin content. The cellulose absorption index (CAI) was evaluated for crop residue cover with moderate to good correlations, with strong dependency on the residue water content. A few narrow bands were identified to characterize both the cellulose-lignin (i.e. the CAI) and the water content, and could be incorporated in on-board multispectral sensors for regional estimation of crop residue over the soil surface.</p>

How high can we go: defining and breaching the threshold for soil organic matter to improve soil water holding capacity?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Feng ◽  
Xinhu Li ◽  
Dennis Reginelli
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Positive Effect

&lt;p&gt;Soil water holding capacity is an important soil property which influences soil and water conservation as well as land degradation and development. Some studies indicated that field capacity (FC) was increased as soil organic matter (SOM) is improved, but the positive effect of SOM on FC was still contradictory. No consistent reports were found for the SOM potential that could be increased. Whether FC could be improved due to increase in SOM by organic amendment is not well established. It is still unknown whether or not there is benefit of improving SOM for enhancing FC; what is the threshold level of SOM for increasing FC, and how much SOM can be boosted. The field study and literature review were conducted to answer all those questions. Soil samples were taken at four sties manured and not manured in the Southern United States, then SOM and FC were measured. The soils amended with poultry litter had higher SOM (3.2%) and FC (35.38%), while the soils without amendment of poultry litter had lower SOM (1.7%) and FC (30.33%), a positive effect of SOM on FC was observed. For different soils with various clay content, a strong positive relationship was observed for soils with clay content less than 15% (R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;= 0.7). We found that FC started increasing as SOM was increased over 2%, it is the threshold level of SOM for improving FC. Previous research also reported that there was no positive effect on FC for cultivated soils with a mean SOM of 1.2% in Greece. Another study found that the increase in water content is significant for sandy soils with 0 to 20% clay content. Our results revealed a pronounced effect for silt loam soils with 1 to 28% clay as SOM was larger than 2%. The SOM ranged from 0.9 to 5.42 %, with a mean value of 2.60 % for the 167 soil samples we measured. We found the highest level of SOM that amendment of poultry litter can increase was not greater than 6.0 %. We suggest SOM should be increased over 2% for improving FC, there is large room for SOM improvement in subtropical humid regions.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Effect of Various Compost Doses on the Soil Infiltration Capacity

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 849-858
Author(s):  
Barbora Badalíková ◽  
Jaroslava Bartlová
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Permanent Grassland ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Grassland Site ◽  
Positive Effect

In the years 2008–2012, the infiltration capacity was monitored in the different sites, viz. on the arable land and permanent grassland. In the permanent grassland site the soil was characterised as Leptic Cambisol, loamy sand with the depth of the top layer 0.20 m while on the arable land, it was classified as Eutric Cambisol, sandy loam with the maximum depth of the topsoil humus horizon 0. 40 m. Experimental variants with different doses of incorporated compost were as follows: Variant 1 –without compost incorporation, Variant 2 – compost incorporated in the dose of 80 t.ha−1, Variant 3 – compost incorporated in the dose of 150 t.ha−1. It was found out within the study period that the application of the higher compost doses showed a positive effect on infiltration rate in both localities. In Variant 3, the highest values of the water infiltration were recorded. It can be concluded that the highest dose of compost (150 t.ha−1) improved and accelerated both the infiltration and water holding capacity of soil for a longer period. With the exception of the year 2009, increased values of water infiltration were recorded on experimental plots with arable land than with permanent grassland. It was found also that after five years have not been marked differences between variants. It follows that the regular supply of organic matter is necessary, preferably after three years.

Assessing climate adaptation options for cereal-based systems in the eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains, South Asia

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (03) ◽  
pp. 189-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Tesfaye ◽  
A. Khatri-Chhetri ◽  
P. K. Aggarwal ◽  
F. Mequanint ◽  
P. B. Shirsath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Intensive Cropping ◽  
Residue Retention

AbstractNew farming systems and management options are needed in South Asia as the intensive rice–wheat production system is set to become increasingly unsustainable under climate change. In the current study, six cropping systems options/treatments varying in tillage, crop establishment method, residue management, crop sequence and fertilizer and water management were evaluated using a cropping systems model under current (1980–2009) and future (2030 and 2050) climate scenarios in the state of Bihar, India. The treatments were current farmers' practice (CP), best fertilizer and water management practices, zero tillage (ZT) with no crop residue retention, ZT with partial crop residue retention (ZTPR), future conservation agriculture-based rice–wheat intensive cropping system (FCS-1) and future conservation agriculture-based maize–wheat intensive cropping system (FCS-2). The results indicate that climate change is likely to reduce rice–wheat system productivity under CP by 4% across Bihar. All the crop management options studied increased yield, water productivity and net returns over that of the CP under the current and future climate scenarios. However, the ZTPR treatment gave significantly higher relative yield, lower annual yield variability and a higher benefit-cost-ratio than the other treatments across cropping system components and climate periods. Although all the new cropping system treatments had a positive yield implication under the current climate (compared to CP), they did not contribute to adaptation under the future climate except FCS-2 in wheat. It is concluded that adaptation to future climate must integrate both cropping system innovations, and genetic improvements in stress tolerance.

Mineralization of C and N in organic materials as affected by duration of composting

Soil Research ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
FA Robertson ◽  
WC Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Brown Coal ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Soil N ◽  
C And N Mineralization ◽  
Soil Water Holding Capacity ◽  
C And N ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Total Soil N

The effect of composting fowl manure, grass clippings and brown coal on the subsequent mineralization of C and N from these materials was studied in a glasshouse experiment. Columns of soil were amended with mixtures of these materials which had been composted for 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 or 16 weeks, or with each material alone. Periodically over the next 81 days, CO2 evolved from the soil surface was collected in alkali traps, and N released from the amendments was collected by leaching the columns with distilled water. With the mixtures of fowl manure, grass clippings and brown coal, mineralization of C and N decreased linearly with increasing duration of composting beyond 2 weeks, due to progressive depletion of labile C and N. Mineralization of C and N from the uncomposted mixture was similar to that from compost aged 4 weeks. Brown coal contributed neither C nor N in an available form. Around 70% of N in fowl manure and grass clippings and 11-34% of N in compost was potentially mineralizable during the 81 days of the experiment. Leachates collected from the columns contained N in NO-3 , NH+4 and organic forms. Mineralization of C and N was strongly positively correlated. All amendments except brown coal had a positive residual effect on total soil N. The increase was largest in compost treatments but was not related to compost age. All amendments had a similarly small positive residual effect on soil water-holding-capacity.

Comparative study of the impact of two mechanical perforation densities on the behavior of a sandy soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
S. Chehaibi ◽  
K. Abrougui ◽  
F. Haouala
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Soil Water Infiltration ◽  
Good Improvement ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Resistance To Penetration

The effects of mechanical perforation densities by extracting soil cores through an aerator Vertidrain with a working width of 1.6 m and equipped with hollow tines spaced of 65 mm, were studied on a sandy soil of a grassy sward in the Golf Course El Kantaoui in Sousse (Tunisia). The mechanical aeration was performed at two densities: 250 and 350 holes/m2. The cone penetration resistance and soil water infiltration were measured. These parameters were performed at initial state before aeration (E0) and then on the 10th, 20th and 30th day after aeration. These results showed that perforation density of 350 holes/m2 had a positive effect on the soil by reducing its cone resistance to penetration compared to the initial state (Rp = 14.8 daN/cm2). At 5 cm depth the decrease in resistance to penetration was 34% and 43% on the 10th and 20th day after aeration, respectively. However, on the 30th day after aeration the soil resistance to penetration tended to grow and its value compared to the initial state decreased only by 21 and 26%, respectively, at 5 and 15 cm of depth only by 10% and 9% with 250 holes/m2 density. The soil water infiltration made a good improvement after aeration compared to the initial state. This parameter increased from 4.8 cm/h to 8.3, 10.9 and 13.1 cm/h with 250 holes/m2 density and to 10, 12.9 and 14.8 cm/h with 350 holes/m2 density on the 10th, 20th and 30th day following the aeration.

HOW CLIMATE CHANGE CAN INFLUENCE THE AGRICULTURE IN UKRAINE: A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Maidanovych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this work is to review and analyze the main results of modern research on the impact of climate change on the agro-sphere of Ukraine. Results. Analysis of research has shown that the effects of climate change on the agro-sphere are already being felt today and will continue in the future. The observed climate changes in recent decades have already significantly affected the shift in the northern direction of all agro-climatic zones of Europe, including Ukraine. From the point of view of productivity of the agro-sphere of Ukraine, climate change will have both positive and negative consequences. The positives include: improving the conditions of formation and reducing the harvesting time of crop yields; the possibility of effective introduction of late varieties (hybrids), which require more thermal resources; improving the conditions for overwintering crops; increase the efficiency of fertilizer application. Model estimates of the impact of climate change on wheat yields in Ukraine mainly indicate the positive effects of global warming on yields in the medium term, but with an increase in the average annual temperature by 2 ° C above normal, grain yields are expected to decrease. The negative consequences of the impact of climate change on the agrosphere include: increased drought during the growing season; acceleration of humus decomposition in soils; deterioration of soil moisture in the southern regions; deterioration of grain quality and failure to ensure full vernalization of grain; increase in the number of pests, the spread of pathogens of plants and weeds due to favorable conditions for their overwintering; increase in wind and water erosion of the soil caused by an increase in droughts and extreme rainfall; increasing risks of freezing of winter crops due to lack of stable snow cover. Conclusions. Resource-saving agricultural technologies are of particular importance in the context of climate change. They include technologies such as no-till, strip-till, ridge-till, which make it possible to partially store and accumulate mulch on the soil surface, reduce the speed of the surface layer of air and contribute to better preservation of moisture accumulated during the autumn-winter period. And in determining the most effective ways and mechanisms to reduce weather risks for Ukrainian farmers, it is necessary to take into account the world practice of climate-smart technologies.

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