scholarly journals Effect of Nozzle Type and Adjuvants on Spray Coverage on Apple Leaves

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1790
Author(s):  
Ryszard Hołownicki ◽  
Grzegorz Doruchowski ◽  
Waldemar Świechowski ◽  
Paweł Konopacki ◽  
Artur Godyń
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Lower Side ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Nozzle Type ◽  
Droplet Density

Three non-ionic adjuvants, Agral, Silwet, and Greemax, at three concentrations, were applied on apple leaves with the use of hollow cone nozzles (TR) and air-induction nozzles (ID) to verify the assumption that adjuvants may improve spray coverage obtained by coarse droplets, and thereby ensure both satisfactory application quality and an environmental advantage. Spray coverage and droplet density were measured on both sides of the leaves. The adjuvants enhanced the spray coverage when applied at a certain concentration level. In general, the adjuvant coverage produced by the ID nozzles equaled the pure water coverage produced by the TR nozzles, thereby showing the adjuvants’ potential to compensate for the lower spray coverage usually obtained by coarse spray. A higher spray coverage was obtained on the lower side of leaves, which is discussed in terms of leaf surface properties. In the experiment with the mixture of Silwet and the fungicide Delan (dithianon), the product interacted with the adjuvant, resulting in the reversed picture of spray coverage and droplet density on the upper and lower leaf sides compared to the results obtained for the adjuvant alone. The combination of coarse spray nozzles with adjuvants may reduce environmental pollution without compromising the quality of spray applications in fruit growing.

scholarly journals Influence of working pressure and spray nozzle on the distribution of spray liquid in manual backpack sprayers

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alcides Marangoni Junior ◽  
Marcelo da Costa Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Spray Nozzle ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Distribution Profile ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Spray Solution ◽  
Phytosanitary Treatment ◽  
Spray Distribution ◽  
Distribution Uniformity

ABSTRACT Manual backpack sprayers are widely used in rural properties in Brazil. However, studies that assess their working characteristics, especially spray tip models and working pressure conditions, are scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess how much the working pressure and spray tips influence the distribution quality of phytosanitary spray solutions in manual backpack sprayers. Four spray nozzles (standard flat-fan Magnojet TP11002, turbo flat-fan TeeJet TT11002, hollow-cone TeeJet TXA8002, and disc-core) were assessed in a patternator table at 1, 2, 3, and 4 bar. Analyses of spray distribution profile were performed by symmetry and the coefficient of variation (CV) analysed by the Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Spray tip models and working pressure influenced in more than 100% the distribution uniformity values of spray solution and in about 50% the useful range of the phytosanitary treatment. Among the models assessed in this study, the turbo flat-fan spray nozzle presents the best set of characteristics to be indicated for manual backpack sprayers aiming at field phytosanitary treatments.

scholarly journals Results Regard Productivity Of Some Quince Varieties Cultivated In Northern Oltenia Area Depending Of The Arhitectural Elements Of The Trees Crown

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-167
Author(s):  
Dorin Cătălin Croitoru ◽  
Aurelian Adrian Baciu ◽  
Bianca Ionela Pătraşcu
Keyword(s):  
Factor B ◽  
The Third ◽  
Experimental Area ◽  
Crown Shape ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Fruit Growing

Abstract Experimental area is located on the third terrace of the Jiu River at the altitude of 383 m in the northern part of Targu-Jiu City on the experimental plantations established in 1987 at Targu-Jiu Fruit-Growing Research and Production Station. Considering the favourable area of the quince culture in Northern Oltenia an experience was placed under the conditions for intensive plantations for zoned varieties. The variety and crown shape are important factors in the intensive cultivation of quince. The experience was placed after the subdivided parcels method with two factors being the type 4 × 5 in three repetitions. The studied factors:- Factor - shaped crown with four graduations - late flat bowl, simple palm, shapeless hedge, bush trunk - Factor B - 5 varieties of quince graduations Aurii, Aromate, Moldoveneşti, De Constantinopol, De Portugalia Results obtained in the three years of study 2012 - 2014 emphasize the superiority of crown shape and variety Moldoveneşti vessel flattened late in terms of quantity and quality of fruit.

Influence of a growth stimulator on the sowing traits of wheat

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
R. A. Maksimova ◽  
E. M. Ermolova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Growth Stimulator ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Wheat is the main and most important food crop in most countries of the world. It is cultivated in more than 80 countries. The purpose of the work was to study the effect of the growth stimulator Agrostimulin on the sowing traits of wheat seeds. The growth regulator Agrostimulin promotes accelerated division of plant cells, the development of a more powerful root system, an increase in the leaf surface area and chlorophyll content, reduces the phytotoxic effect of pesticides, has an antimutagenic effect, improves the quality of grown products, increases productivity, plant resistance to diseases, stress factors, resistance to adverse environmental factors (hypothermia, overheating, lack or excess of light and moisture). Its use makes it possible to reduce the rates of application of pesticides when using the drug 3–5 times during the vegetation period. The use of the growth stimulator Agrostimulin in the cultivation of spring wheat Omskaya 36 has been reflected in the article. Studies on the sowing traits of spring wheat seeds, phenological observations have been carried out. The yield of wheat Omskaya 36 variety with the use of the growth regulator Agrostimulin was 20 c/ha, which was by 2,1 c/ha or 11,7 % higher compared to the previous year. It has been revealed that the length of the vegetation period in wheat treated with the growth regulator Agrostimulin was 89 days, which was by 7 days less compared to the control. Thus, it has been experimentally proved that the treatment of spring wheat seeds Omskaya 36 with the growth regulator Agrostimulin shortens the growing season and increases its yield.

scholarly journals Aqueous ozone solutions for pesticide removal from potatoes

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 752-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda F Heleno ◽  
Maria Eliana LR de Queiroz ◽  
Lêda RA Faroni ◽  
Antônio A Neves ◽  
André F de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Pesticide Analysis ◽  
Quantification Limit ◽  
Pesticide Removal ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Potential Impact

The presence of pesticide residues in potatoes is of concern because of the potential impact to human health due to the high consumption of this vegetable. In this study, aqueous solutions with and without ozone saturation as postharvest wash treatment at pH 4.0, 7.0, and 9.0 were tested to remove chlorothalonil from potatoes. The method used for pesticide analysis has been validated, presenting recovery values of 94–103%, with variations in the repeatability coefficients of ≤10.6%, and a quantification limit of 0.05 mg kg−1. Regardless of pH, treatment with aqueous ozone solutions removed 70–76% of the pesticide present in the potato. In the no-ozone treatments, the percentage average removal of chlorothalonil residues in potatoes was only 36%. Over 24 days of storage, the quality of potatoes washed with aqueous ozone solutions was not significantly different from those washed with pure water.

Spectrometric prediction of secondary metabolites and nitrogen in fresh Eucalyptus foliage: towards remote sensing of the nutritional quality of foliage for leaf-eating marsupials

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 761 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. H. Ebbers ◽  
I. R. Wallis ◽  
S. Dury ◽  
R. Floyd ◽  
W. J. Foley
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Ecological Attributes ◽  
Total Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Volatile Terpene ◽  
Water Absorbance

Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy provides an excellent means of assessing the chemical composition of Eucalyptus foliage but the standard methods of drying and grinding the samples limit the speed at which spectra can be collected and thus are unsuitable for measurements in the field. We investigated whether reliable spectra could be collected from whole fresh and dry leaves of E. melliodora and E. globulus and whether we could predict the concentration of total nitrogen, the volatile terpene, 1,8 cineole and the phenolic antifeedant compound, sideroxylonal A, from these spectra. Water absorbance peaks did not obscure the absorption spectrum of 1,8 cineole and so cineole concentration was readily predicted from spectra of whole, fresh E. melliodora leaves. Similarly, both total nitrogen and sideroxylonal A could be predicted from spectra of fresh leaf in E. melliodora even though water absorption obscured some spectral features. The predictions of cineole and total nitrogen concentration in E. globulus were not as good as those in E. melliodora, possibly due to interference from waxes on the leaf surface of E. globulus juvenile foliage. Overall, these results suggest that certain important ecological attributes of Eucalyptus foliage can be predicted from spectra of whole fresh leaves. Thus, it is feasible to investigate the collection of spectra by portable or airborne spectrophotometry.

scholarly journals Sorptive Removal of Odorous Carbonyl Gases by Water

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 535-545
Author(s):  
Ehsanul Kabir ◽  
Ki-Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Carbonyl Compounds ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Gas Stripping ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Stripping Method ◽  
Working Standards ◽  
Concentration Levels

In this study, the removal capacity of deionized water was investigated against five gaseous carbonyl compounds (i.e., acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, valeraldehyde, and isovaleraldehyde) by means of the gas stripping method. To determine the trapping behavior of these odorants by water, gaseous working standards prepared at three different concentration levels (i.e., for acetaldehyde around 300, 500, and 1,000 ppb) were forced through pure water contained in an impinger at room temperature. The removal efficiency of the target compounds was inspected in terms of two major variables: (1) concentration levels of gaseous standard and (2) impinger water volume (20, 50, 100, and 150 mL). Although the extent of removal was affected fairly sensitively by changes in water volume, this was not the case for standard concentration level changes. Considering the efficiency of sorption media, gas stripping with aqueous solution can be employed as an effective tool for the removal of carbonyl odorants.

YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF SOME PLUM CULTIVARSIN ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Mădălina Butac ◽  
Mihai Chivu
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Ecological System ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Fruit Growing

The aim of this study was to assess the yield and fruits quality of plum produced in ecological system.In 2019-2020 periods the influence of different fertilizers (Biohumus, Macys BC 28 and Cifamin BK) on yield and fruits quality at three plum cultivars (‘Centenar’, ‘Tita’ and ‘Stanley’) was carried out in a demonstrative plot from Research Institute for Fruit Growing Pitești, Romania. Biohumus was applied to the soil in increasing dosesfrom 0.5 l/tree (respectively 415 l/ha), 0.7 l/tree (respectively 585 l/ha) to 0.9 l / tree (respectively 750 l/ha) in two moments: in spring before the start of vegetation and in autumn after the fall of the leaves.Macys BC 28 and Cifamin BK fertilizers were applied foliar in doses of 2 l/ha, respectively 1 l/ha, in two moments: after flowering and in the young fruit phase.As results of the investigations we found that: the highest fruit yield was obtained at ‘Centenar’ (47.36 kg/tree) and ‘Stanley’ (41.00 kg/tree) cultivars in fertilization variant 3 (Biohumus – 0,9 l/tree, soil application + Macys BC 28 – 2 l/ha, foliar application + Cifamin BK – 1 l/ha, foliar application);the best results regarding the fruits weight were also obtained in the 3rd fertilization variant (Biohumus – 0,9 l/tree, soil application + Macys BC 28 – 2 l/ha, foliar application + Cifamin BK – 1 l/ha, foliar application), among the varieties being noted the ‘Tita’cv. with an average fruit weight of 59. 14 g; the fruits soluble solid content was higher in the case of the fertilized variants than in the unfertilized variant and the fruits aciditywas higher in the case of the unfertilized variant than in the fertilized variants.

Light-dependent morphogenesis of conidia of Trichometasphaeria turcica in vitro

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 552-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Benedict
Keyword(s):  
White Light ◽  
Incident Energy ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Conidial Production ◽  
Helminthosporium Turcicum ◽  
Induced Changes

Induced changes in morphogenesis of developing and germinating conidia of Trichometasphaeria turcica Luttrell (Helminthosporium turcicum Passerini) exposed to various intensities and wavelengths of light were studied. A method to evaluate production of conidia on irradiated mycelium is described. Conidial production and germination were directly correlated with the quantity and quality of incident energy utilized. In white light highest conidial production occurred at an intensity of 23 000 ergs/cm2 s. Green light (515 nm) significantly further enhanced conidial production. Primary hyphae of conidia exposed to green light produced appressoria when germinated in white light. Hyphae of conidia exposed to orange light (640 nm) were branched or curled without appressoria. Only sensitivity to incident energy could account for the behaviour of T. turcica in vitro and by inference account for the pathogenic adaptation of this fungus in the reflected green light of the sweet-corn leaf surface.

scholarly journals Suitability of Novi Sad Apricot Cultivars and Selections for Compotes

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Dragan Rahović ◽  
Slavica Čolić ◽  
Ivana Bakić ◽  
Sladjan Stanković ◽  
Aleksandra Tepić
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Architecture ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Novi Sad

Summary The paper presents the results of three-year research on technological properties of fruits and quality of compotes made of four Novi Sad (NS) apricot cultivars (NS-4, NS-6, Novosadska rodna and Novosadska kasnocvetna) and five selections (SK-1, SK-3, SK-5, SK 13a and SK 16a). Apricots for this research on technological properties and making compotes were harvested in a collection of apricot genotypes of the Department of Fruit Growing, Viticulture, Horticulture and Landscape Architecture of the Faculty of Agriculture in Novi Sad, in the site “Rimski šančevi” (45º 20̓ 00ˮN,19°51̓ 100ˮE). Technological properties were investigated at the Faculty of Technology in Novi Sad and a laboratory of “Soja-Protein, AD Bečej” company. The investigated technological properties were: the amount of dry matter, total and reducing sugars, total acids, sucrose, total pectins, cellulose and mineral matter. These properties of NS cultivars and selections were compared to Hungarian Best (as a standard). The fruits of the NS cultivars and selections expressed better technological properties than Hungarian Best. The properties such as colour, aroma, taste, condition and consistency were sensory evaluated, with a method of giving points, used at the Novi Sad International Agricultural Fair. The compotes of the NS cultivars and selections were given more points than the compote made of standard. As for the total organoleptic properties, the compotes of selections SK-3, SK 13a and SK-5 stand out.

scholarly journals Microfluidic as Liquid Lens for THz Reconfigurable Antenna and Gain Enhancement With Sensing Application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Ebrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Pure Water ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Slot Antenna ◽  
Reconfigurable Antenna ◽  
Dielectric Resonator Antenna ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
High Q ◽  
Gain Enhancement ◽  
Novel Structure

Abstract the lens plays important role in the dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) for increasing the bandwidth and directivity. Also, the liquids like water and ethanol can be noticed for developing the DRA for THz application. In addition, the liquids are interesting because the level and quality of material can be used for designing reconfigurable antenna. For the THz spectrum, the liquids can be combined with antenna and microwave devices by Microfluidic technology. In this paper, the suggested antenna is used to enhance the various factors of the antenna and the filling ratio of the channels is noticed to provide reconfigurable antenna. The slot antenna with split ring resonator and meandered feed is used as the basic antenna to provide high Q-factor. Moreover, the results show that this novel structure can be used as sensor for material detecting which is used to recognize various types of liquids by determining the sensitivity of the sensor in the range of 0.5 to 1 THz. The proposed sensor is examined for pure water, ethanol and gasoline based on the 2nd order model of Debye.

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