scholarly journals Assessing the Adaptive Mechanisms of Two Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes to Salinity Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1979
Author(s):  
Ulkar Ibrahimova ◽  
Zarifa Suleymanova ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
Alamdar Mammadov ◽  
Omar M. Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Tolerant Genotype

This work deals with the assessment of physiological and biochemical responses to salt stress, as well as the regulation of the expression of the K+/Na+ transporter gene-TaHKT1;5 of two Triticum aestivum L. genotypes with contrasting tolerance. According to the observations, salinity stress caused lipid peroxidation; accumulation of soluble sugars and proline; decreased osmotic potential, Fv/Fm value, and K+/Na+ ratio; and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes in both genotypes. In the salt-tolerant genotype, the activity of enzymes, the amounts of soluble sugars and proline were higher, the osmotic potential and the lipid peroxidation were lower than in the sensitive one, and the Fv/Fm value remained unchanged. A comparison of the accumulation of Na+ and K+ ions in the roots and leaves showed that the Na+ content in the leaves is lower. The selective transport of K+ ions from roots to leaves was more efficient in the salt-tolerant genotype Mirbashir-128; consequently, the K+/Na+ ratio in the leaves and roots of this genotype was higher compared with the sensitive Fatima genotype. The semi-quantitative RT-PCR expression experiments on TaHKT1;5 indicated that this gene was not expressed in the leaf of the wheat genotypes. Under salt stress, the expression level of the TaHKT1;5 gene increased in the root tissues of the salt-sensitive genotype, while it decreased in the salt-tolerant wheat genotype. The results obtained suggest that the ion status and salt tolerance of the wheat genotypes are related to the TaHKT1;5 gene activity.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Wheat Germplasm for Salt Tolerance

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Quan ◽  
Xiaoli Liang ◽  
Hongmei Li ◽  
Chunjuan Xie ◽  
Wenxing He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Wheat Genotypes

Salinity is one of the limiting factors of wheat production worldwide. A total of 334 internationally derived wheat genotypes were employed to identify new germplasm resources for salt tolerance breeding. Salt stress caused 39, 49, 58, 55, 21 and 39% reductions in shoot dry weight (SDW), root dry weight (RDW), shoot fresh weight (SFW), root fresh weight (RFW), shoot height (SH) and root length (RL) of wheat, respectively, compared with the control condition at the seedling stage. The wheat genotypes showed a wide genetic and tissue diversity for the determined characteristics in response to salt stress. Finally, 12 wheat genotypes were identified as salt-tolerant through a combination of one-factor (more emphasis on the biomass yield) and multifactor analysis. In general, greater accumulation of osmotic substances, efficient use of soluble sugars, lower Na+/K+ and a higher-efficiency antioxidative system contribute to better growth in the tolerant genotypes under salt stress. In other words, the tolerant genotypes are capable of maintaining stable osmotic potential and ion and redox homeostasis and providing more energy and materials for root growth. The identified genotypes with higher salt tolerance could be useful for developing new salt-tolerant wheat cultivars as well as in further studies to underline the genetic mechanisms of salt tolerance in wheat.

scholarly journals Agro-Physiologic Responses and Stress-Related Gene Expression of Four Doubled Haploid Wheat Lines under Salinity Stress Conditions

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Al-Ashkar ◽  
Walid Ben Romdhane ◽  
Rania A. El-Said ◽  
Abdelhalim Ghazy ◽  
Kotb Attia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Doubled Haploid Lines

Salinity majorly hinders horizontal and vertical expansion in worldwide wheat production. Productivity can be enhanced using salt-tolerant wheat genotypes. However, the assessment of salt tolerance potential in bread wheat doubled haploid lines (DHL) through agro-physiological traits and stress-related gene expression analysis could potentially minimize the cost of breeding programs and be a powerful way for the selection of the most salt-tolerant genotype. We used an extensive set of agro-physiologic parameters and salt-stress-related gene expressions. Multivariate analysis was used to detect phenotypic and genetic variations of wheat genotypes more closely under salinity stress, and we analyzed how these strategies effectively balance each other. Four doubled haploid lines (DHLs) and the check cultivar (Sakha93) were evaluated in two salinity levels (without and 150 mM NaCl) until harvest. The five genotypes showed reduced growth under 150 mM NaCl; however, the check cultivar (Sakha93) died at the beginning of the flowering stage. Salt stress induced reduction traits, except the canopy temperature and initial electrical conductivity, which was found in each of the five genotypes, with the greatest decline occurring in the check cultivar (Sakha-93) and the least decline in DHL2. The genotypes DHL21 and DHL5 exhibited increased expression rate of salt-stress-related genes (TaNHX1, TaHKT1, and TaCAT1) compared with DHL2 and Sakha93 under salt stress conditions. Principle component analysis detection of the first two components explains 70.78% of the overall variation of all traits (28 out of 32 traits). A multiple linear regression model and path coefficient analysis showed a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.93. The models identified two interpretive variables, number of spikelets, and/or number of kernels, which can be unbiased traits for assessing wheat DHLs under salinity stress conditions, given their contribution and direct impact on the grain yield.

scholarly journals Response of ROS-Scavenging Systems to Salinity Stress in Two Different Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezatollah ESFANDIARI ◽  
Gholamreza GOHARI
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Scavenging Enzymes

Salinity leads to oxidative stress in plant cells due to increased production of reactive oxygen species. The response of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, salt sensitive (‘Darab2’) and salt-tolerant (‘Arta’) were studied to salinity-induced oxidative stress (0, 75 and 150 mM NaCl). Increasing of lipid peroxidation caused oxidative stress in both sensitive and tolerant cultivars. The result showed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) viz., superoxide and hydrogen peroxide increased in leaves of ‘Darab2’ under salinity stress. Under salinity stress, the salt-tolerant cv. ‘Arta’ showed higher activity of the ROS scavenging enzymes like ascorbate peroxidase and peroxidases than ‘Darab2’. Furthermore, in sensitive cv. ‘Darab2’ the activities of these enzymes in leaves were unable to prevent the scavenging of H2O2. Unlike ‘Arta’, there were no significant differences in superoxide dismutases and glutathione reductase activities in sensitive cv. ‘Darab2’ under salinity stress. The amount of reduced glutathione, reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio in leaves of ‘Darab2’ was lower than ‘Arta’ under saline conditions. It seems that in salt tolerant cultivars like ‘Arta’, both enzymatic and non-enzymatic ROS scavenging machineries is critical point to overcome salinity-induced oxidative stress.

Utilization of induction and quenching kinetics of chlorophyll a fluorescence for in vivo salinity screening studies in wheat (Triticum aestivum vars. Kharchia-65 and Fielder)

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sankaran KrishnaRaj ◽  
Bruce T. Mawson ◽  
Edward C. Yeung ◽  
Trevor A. Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Chlorophyll A Fluorescence ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
In Vivo Screening ◽  
Kinetics Of

The potential of utilizing induction and quenching kinetics of chlorophyll a fluorescence as consistent and reliable markers for in vivo salt (sodium sulphate) tolerance screening studies was investigated by comparing two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties with varying responses to salinity, viz. Kharchia-65 (salt-tolerant) and Fielder (salt-susceptible). Three-week-old seedlings were treated with a range of salt concentrations (0 to 2%) over a 1- to 2-week period. Both the maximum rates of fluorescence induction and quenching measured from leaf sections decreased significantly in Fielder compared with Kharchia-65 as the salt concentration increased. Alterations in other fluorescence parameters, such as the maximum yield of fluorescence signal in the absence and presence of 3(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea by the variety Fielder indicated a minimal reduction in the size of the primary electron acceptor pool associated with photosystem II following salt stress. In contrast, these parameters were altered to a lesser extent by salt treatments in Kharchia-65. The effect of salinity stress on leaf morphology of both varieties indicated no major anatomical alterations apart from a negligible increase in leaf thickness. Total chlorophyll content of Kharchia-65 increased significantly as a result of salt stress, owing to an increase in both chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, whereas Fielder showed no significant variations. The results indicate that total fluorescence quenching and maximum rates of both induction and quenching appear to be reliable indicators for in vivo screening of salt-tolerant wheat genotypes. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., wheat, chlorophyll a fluorescence, salt stress, in vivo screening.

scholarly journals Ethylene reduces glucose sensitivity and reverses photosynthetic repression through optimization of glutathione production in salt-stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zebus Sehar ◽  
Noushina Iqbal ◽  
M. Iqbal R. Khan ◽  
Asim Masood ◽  
Md. Tabish Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Buthionine Sulfoximine ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Glucose Sensitivity ◽  
Photosynthetic Potential ◽  
Stressful Environments

AbstractEthylene plays a crucial role throughout the life cycle of plants under optimal and stressful environments. The present study reports the involvement of exogenously sourced ethylene (as ethephon; 2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid) in the protection of the photosynthetic activity from glucose (Glu) sensitivity through its influence on the antioxidant system for adaptation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants under salt stress. Ten-day-old plants were subjected to control and 100 mM NaCl and treated with 200 µl L−1 ethephon on foliage at 20 days after seed sowing individually or in combination with 6% Glu. Plants receiving ethylene exhibited higher growth and photosynthesis through reduced Glu sensitivity in the presence of salt stress. Moreover, ethylene-induced reduced glutathione (GSH) production resulted in increased psbA and psbB expression to protect PSII activity and photosynthesis under salt stress. The use of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), GSH biosynthesis inhibitor, substantiated the involvement of ethylene-induced GSH in the reversal of Glu-mediated photosynthetic repression in salt-stressed plants. It was suggested that ethylene increased the utilization of Glu under salt stress through its influence on photosynthetic potential and sink strength and reduced the Glu-mediated repression of photosynthesis.

scholarly journals Antioxidative and Metabolic Contribution to Salinity Stress Responses in Two Rapeseed Cultivars during the Early Seedling Stage

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1227
Author(s):  
Ali Mahmoud El-Badri ◽  
Maria Batool ◽  
Ibrahim A. A. Mohamed ◽  
Zongkai Wang ◽  
Ahmed Khatab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Early Seedling

Measuring metabolite patterns and antioxidant ability is vital to understanding the physiological and molecular responses of plants under salinity. A morphological analysis of five rapeseed cultivars showed that Yangyou 9 and Zhongshuang 11 were the most salt-tolerant and -sensitive, respectively. In Yangyou 9, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were minimized by the activation of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) for scavenging of over-accumulated ROS under salinity stress. Furthermore, Yangyou 9 showed a significantly higher positive correlation with photosynthetic pigments, osmolyte accumulation, and an adjusted Na+/K+ ratio to improve salt tolerance compared to Zhongshuang 11. Out of 332 compounds identified in the metabolic profile, 225 metabolites were filtrated according to p < 0.05, and 47 metabolites responded to salt stress within tolerant and sensitive cultivars during the studied time, whereas 16 and 9 metabolic compounds accumulated during 12 and 24 h, respectively, in Yangyou 9 after being sown in salt treatment, including fatty acids, amino acids, and flavonoids. These metabolites are relevant to metabolic pathways (amino acid, sucrose, flavonoid metabolism, and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), which accumulated as a response to salinity stress. Thus, Yangyou 9, as a tolerant cultivar, showed improved antioxidant enzyme activity and higher metabolite accumulation, which enhances its tolerance against salinity. This work aids in elucidating the essential cellular metabolic changes in response to salt stress in rapeseed cultivars during seed germination. Meanwhile, the identified metabolites can act as biomarkers to characterize plant performance in breeding programs under salt stress. This comprehensive study of the metabolomics and antioxidant activities of Brassica napus L. during the early seedling stage is of great reference value for plant breeders to develop salt-tolerant rapeseed cultivars.

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